Characteristics of Hercynite and Its Application in Refractories

The characteristics of hercynite including corystal structure, chemical compositions and physical properties, R ＆ D background of hercynite, synthesis problems of heronite, amt roles of hercynite in refractories were re-riewed. The application of hercynite in refractories was introduced with emphasis. The practical applications in cement rotary kiln showed the prepared magnesia her-cynite brick had better performance than the original magnesia chrome brick obviously.

Present Synthesizing Situation and Application Mechanism of Hercynite in Cement Kilns

The magnesia -hercynite bricks offer a new lining to rotary cement kiln. They are well adopted and widely used in the high temperature zone of cement kiln, and have obtained good performance at rigorous and severe working conditions. The synthesis of hercynite requires a suitable atmosphere with proper O2 partial pressures which makes sure FeO can stably exist at the synthesizing temperature. Current industrial production of hercynite mainly adopts fused method. The other method, sinte- ring method, is not mature and needs further research. The magnesia - hercynite brick shows high hot toughhess, high adhesion strength to kiln crust, and good corrosion resistance to alkali salt in cement kilns. The mismatching of thermal expansion between magnesia and hercynite can improve the thermal shock resistance of the bricks, but the oxidation of partial Fe^2＋ , the high temperature solution, and low temperature exsolution of transgranular secondary spinel lead to cubical expansion, .formation of more cracks, and poor thermal shock resistance of the bricks.

Morphology characterization of periclase–hercynite refractories by reaction sintering

A periclase？hercynite brick was prepared via reaction sintering at 1600℃for 6 h in air using magnesia and reaction-sintered hercynite as raw materials. The microstructure development of the periclase-hercynite brick during sintering was investigated using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results show that during sintering, Fe^2＋, Fe^3＋ and Al^3＋ ions in hercynite crystals migrate and react with periclase to form（Mg1-xFex）（Fe2-yAly）O4 spinel with a high Fe/Al ratio. Meanwhile, Mg^2＋ in periclase crystals migrates into hercynite crystals and occupies the oxygen tetrahedron vacancies. This Mg^2＋ migration leads to the formation of（Mg1-uFeu）（Fe2-vAlv）O4 spinel with a lower Fe/Al ratio and results in Al3＋ remaining in hercynite crystals. Cation diffusion between periclase and hercynite crystals promotes the sintering process and results in the formation of a microporous structure.

Study on Sintered Synthetic Hercynite Clinker

Special grade bauxite and roll scale were used as raw materials to investigate the influences of reducing atmosphere and firing temperature on sintering clinker. The results showed that: 1) The mixture of the materials could be sintered enough to synthesise hercynite under reducing atmosphere by adding reducing reagent; 2) The hercynite clinker could be sintered to high density and the content of FeAl 2O 4 may attain 80～90% under the firing temperature of 1550℃.

Thermodynamics of Phase Equilibria in FeO-TiO2-Al_(2)O_(3)System

This scientific paper discusses the information on the structure of the three-component system FeO-TiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3),which is necessary for the creation of heat-resistant oxide materials.The structure of binary systems:FeO-Al_(2)O_(3),FeO-TiO_(2),and Al_(2)O_(3)-TiO_(2)is described,and the data on the FeO-TiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)system are presented.The thermodynamic data of all compounds of the system are given,on the basis of which the change in the Gibbs free energy in the temperature range of 800-1900 K for twenty-one exchange reactions was calculated.It has been established that the triangulation of the FeO-TiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)system changes in five temperature ranges:up to 1408 K(TiO_(2)exists in the polymorphic modification-anatase),1408-1537 K(TiO_(2)exists in the polymorphic modification-rutile and pseudobrookite is stable),1537-1630 K(thialite is stable),1630-2076 K(rearrangement cannot occur)and above 2076 K(the presence of the stoichiometric compound Al_(4)TiO_(8)is allowed).Two-phase equilibria up to 1408 K are stable:Al_(2)O_(3)-FeTiO_(3),FeTiO_(3)-FeAl_(2)O_(4),and FeAl_(2)O_(4)-Fe_(2)TiO_(4);in the temperature range of 1408-1537 K:FeAl_(2)O_(4)-TiO_(2),FeAl_(2)O_(4)-FeTi_(2)O_(5),FeAl_(2)O_(4)-FeTiO_(3),and FeAl_(2)O_(4)-Fe_(2)TiO_(4);in the temperature range of 1537-1630 K:FeAl_(2)O_(4)-TiO_(2),FeAl_(2)O_(4)-FeTi_(2)O_(5),FeAl_(2)O_(4)-FeTiO_(3),FeAl_(2)O_(4)-Fe_(2)TiO_(4),and FeAl_(2)O_(4)-Al_(2)TiO_(5);in the temperature range of 1630-2076 K:FeTi_(2)O_(5)-Al_(2)TiO_(5),Al_(2)TiO_(5)-FeTiO_(3),FeTiO_(3)-Al_(2)O_(3),FeTiO_(3)-FeAl_(2)O_(4),and FeAl_(2)O_(4)-Fe_(2)TiO_(4);over 2076 K:FeTi_(2)O_(5)-Al_(2)TiO_(5),FeTi_(2)O_(5)-Al_(4)TiO_(8),Al_(4)TiO_(8)-FeTiO_(3),Al_(4)TiO_(8)-Fe_(2)TiO_(4),Al_(4)TiO_(8)-FeO,and Al_(4)TiO_(8)-FeAl_(2)O_(4).