f-heredity knowledge and f-heredity mining

Using S-rough sets, this paper gives the concepts off-heredity knowledge and its heredity coefficient, and f-variation coefficient of knowledge; presents the theorem of f-attribute dependence of variation coefficient and the relation theorem of heredity-variation. The attribute dependence of f-variation coefficient and the relation of heredity-variation are important characteristics of S-rough sets. From such discussion, this paper puts forward the heredity mining off-knowledge and the algorithm of heredity mining, also gives its relative application.

Heredity of Aluminum Melt Caused by Electric Pulse Modification (Ⅰ)

The heredity of aluminum melt under the action of pulse electric field was investigated by means of the remelt experiment. A new hereditary criterion under this condition was proposed; in the meantime, the differential transferability of genetic carrier in activated melt among filial generations was validated with the aid of DSC.

The role of heredity in pterygium development

Several risk factors,which include heredity,ultra-violet (UV) light and chronic inflammation,contribute to pterygium development.However,there is no report integrating these factors in the pathogenesis of pterygium.The aim of this review is to describe the connection between heredity,UV,and inflammation in pterygium development.Existing reports indicate that sunlight exposure is the main factor in pterygium occurrence by inducing growth factor production or chronic inflammation or DNA damage.Heredity may be a factor.Our studies on factors in pterygium occurrence and recurrence identify that heredity is crucial for pterygium to develop,and that sunlight is only a trigger,and that chronic inflammation promotes pterygium enlargement.We propose that genetic factors may interfere with the control of fibrovascular proliferation while UV light or(sunlight)most likely only triggers pterygium development by inducing growth factors which promote vibrant fibrovascular proliferation in predisposed individuals.It also just triggers inflammation and collagenolysis,which may be promoters of the enlargement of the fibrovascular mass.Pterygium probably occurs in the presence of exuberant collagen production and profuse neovascularisation.

Advances in salinity tolerance of soybean: Genetic diversity, heredity, and gene identification contribute to improving salinity tolerance

Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting soybean growth. Genetic improvement for salt tolerance is an effective way to protect soybean yield under salt stress conditions. Successful improvement of salt tolerance in soybean relies on identifying genetic variation that confers tolerance in soybean germplasm and subsequently incorporating these genetic resources into cultivars. In this review, we summarize the progress in genetic diversity and genetics of salt tolerance in soybean, which includes identifying genetic diversity for salt tolerant germplasm; mapping QTLs conferring salt tolerance; map-based cloning; and conducting genome-wide association study（GWAS） analysis in soybean. Future research avenues are also discussed, including high throughput phenotyping technology, the CRISPR/Cas9 Genome-Editing System, and genomic selection technology for molecular breeding of salt tolerance.

Heredity of Aluminum Melt by Electric Pulse Modification (Ⅱ)

Heredity of high pure aluminum melts under different pulse electric field was investigated by means of repetitious remelt experiment. The results indicate that the genetic coefficient by measurement of grain size of cast structure has a close relation with pulse voltage. Moreover, the hereditary law accords with the function of In = 1＋ e^-an＋β. The stability of genetic carrier （cluster） comprises in the competition between repetitious cooling and heating impulse and the effect of electric pulse modification.

Heredity of clusters in the rapidly cooling processes of Al-doped Zr_(50)Cu_(50)melts and its correlation with the glass-forming ability

The heredity of clusters in rapidly cooled(Zr_(50)Cu_(50))_(100-x)Al_x melts and its correlation with glass-forming ability(GFA)are studied via molecular dynamics simulations.Pair distribution function and the largest standard cluster(LSC)are adopted to characterize the local atomic structures in the(Zr_(50)Cu_(50))_(100-x)Al_(x)systems.The[12/555]icosahedra and their medium-range order(IMRO)play an important role in forming(Zr_(50)Cu_(50))_(100-x)Al_(x)metallic glasses(MGs).The fraction of[12/555],the number of IMRO,and the maximum size of IMRO in MGs increase significantly with increasing x.A tracking study further reveals that the configuration heredity of icosahedral clusters starts from supercooled liquids.No direct correlation exists between the GFA and the onset temperature of continuous or stated heredity.Instead,a larger hereditary supercooled degree of icosahedra matches with better GFA of Al-doped Zr_(50)Cu_(50)alloys.

Heredity and gene mapping of a novel white stripe leaf mutant in wheat

Spotted leaf(spl)mutant is a type of leaf lesion mimic mutants in plants.We obtained some lesion mimic mutants from ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)-mutagenized wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)cultivar Guomai 301(wild type,WT),and one of them was named as white stripe leaf(wsl)mutant because of the white stripes on its leaves.Here we report the heredity and gene mapping of this novel wheat mutant wsl.There are many small scattered white stripes on the leaves of wsl throughout its whole growth period.As the plants grew,the white stripes became more severe and the necrotic area expanded.The mutant wsl grew only weakly before the jointing stage and gradually recovered after jointing.The length and width of the flag leaf,spike number per plant and thousand-grain weight of wsl were significantly lower than those of the WT.Genetic analysis indicated that the trait of white stripe leaf was controlled by a recessive gene locus,named as wsl,which was mapped on the short arm of chromosome 6 B by SSR marker assay.Four SSR markers in the F2 population of wsl×CS were linked to wsl in the order of Xgpw1079–Xwmc104–Xgwm508-wsl–Xgpw7651 at 7.1,5.2,8.7,and 4.4 c M,respectively and three SSR markers in the F2 population of wsl×Jimai 22 were linked to wsl in the order of Xgwm508–Xwmc494–Xgwm518-wsl at 3.5,1.6 and 8.2 c M,respectively.In comparison to the reference genome sequence of Chinese Spring(CS),wsl is located in a 91-Mb region from 88 Mb(Xgwm518)to 179 Mb(Xgpw7651)on chromosome 6 BS.Mutant wsl is a novel germplasm for studying the molecular mechanism of wheat leaf development.

Effect of Typical Elements on the Heredity of Hot-rolled and Annealed Texture in Non-oriented Electrical Steel

Macroscopic texture and microscopic orientation in hot-rolled and annealed sheets of nonoriented electrical steel were studied by XRD and EBSD techniques. The microstructure of hot-rolled and annealed samples was studied by OM. Experimental results indicate that a strong heredity is observed in texture evolution between hot-rolled texture and annealed texture. Typical elements have a large effect on the recrystallization microstructure and texture distribution. The texture distribution through thickness is highly affected by recrystallization in hot rolled sheets. The recrystallization is boosted by Si and Al. Goss grains originate from cracked initial 〈100〉 columnar grains. {110}〈112〉, {112}〈111〉 and {111}〈112〉 grains are related to Goss grains. In subsurface lay of hot rolled sheets, Al can strengthen Goss texture and weaken copper-type texture. {112}〈111〉 texture and {110}〈112〉 texture are strengthened by Si. In the central layers, {100}〈001〉 texture and {111}〈121〉 texture are weakened by Al. {100}〈011〉 texture is increased by Al. Si can increase the proportion of γ-fiber texture and decrease that of {100}〈011〉 texture. In annealed texture, {100}〈001〉 texture and Goss texture are decreased by Al and Si. γ-fiber texture is increased by Si and {111}〈121〉 texture is preferentially increased by Al. The recrystallized grain size is increased and iron loss of annealed sheets is reduced by Al and Si, which means that the magnetic properties are optimized by the Al and Si content.

Undercooling heredity of Cu_(70)Ni_(30) melt solidified in non-catalytic nucleation coated mould

A new concept of undercooling heredity is developed to evaluate the undercooling ability in a non catalytic nucleation coated mould, where alloy melts were highly undercooled previously. Before the heredity experiment a non catalytic nucleation composite glass lined coating (B F) was prepared on the inner surface of mould and the Cu 70 Ni 30 alloy was selected to perform undercooling experiment in the B F non catalytic coating mould. Its ratio of undercooling heredity was 0.76. The results prove that the B F coating is an ideal non catalytic media for purified Cu 70 Ni 30 alloy melts due to its small contact angle between the melt and coating layer. Considering that various microstructures form under different undercoolings, two critical undercoolings, Δ T 1 and Δ T 2, and their corresponding microstructures of Cu 70 Ni 30 alloy are well defined. Moreover, it is found that the manned trigging solidification in the non catalytic coating mould could be used to get directional undercooling dendrite structure while the melt undercooling is larger than the critical undercooling Δ T 2.

RESEARCH ON THE HEREDITY AND VARIATION OF THE PERUXIDASE ISOENZYME OF NEEDLES OF PINUS KORAIENSIS

Through the polyacrylamide gel clectrophoresis analysis of thirty-two needle samples of ninty-years old pinus koraiensis in Harbin, seven typies of zone and distribution of the zone frequency, and some objective fact of heredity and variation were determined. These informations can be used as reference materials in the research of heredity and variation of pinus koraiensis.

Heredity Analysis and Gene Mapping of Bruchid Resistance of a MungbeanCultivar V2709

Bruchid is a serious insect pest of mungbean [Vigna radiata （L.） Wilczek] and can inflict serious loss. A resistant variety from India, V2709, was crossed with a susceptible variety, Zhonglti 1, from the World Vegetable Center, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center （AVRDC）. Segregation of the F2, BC1F1, and F3 populations showed that bruchid resistance of V2709 is controlled by a single dominant locus. To find molecular marker linked with the resistant locus, 63 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers and 113 sets of SSR/STS primers were used in a bulked segregant analysis. Two of the markers, OPC-06 and STSbr2, were found to be linked with the locus （named as Br2）. Further analysis suggested that the genetic distances between these two markers and Br2 were 11.0 and 5.8 cM, respectively.

Polymorphism and heredity of cpDNA and mtDNA in the Section Leuce of Populus

The chloroplast DNA （cpDNA） and mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） of 16 Populus species （Section Leuce） and their F1 generation were detected using PCR-RFLP technique. The results show that cpDNA in the F1 generation of 22 hybrid combinations was inherited maternally, which supported the conclusions of the study of plasmid cytology. The mtDNA fragments amplified by PCR were consistent with the restriction maps in all hybrid combinations and no polymorphism was detected, indicating that the Section Leuce is highly conserved in mitochondrial gene sequences. These results provided direct evidence of maternal chloroplast inheritance in Populus tomentosa, P. bolleana, P. davidiana, P. adenopoda, P. tomentosa × P. bolleana, P. alba × P. glandulosa and P. alba × P. tomentosa.

On Heredity Factors of Parkinson’s Disease: A Parametric and Bayesian Analysis

Hereditary is one of the key risk factors of the Parkinson’s disease (PD) and children of individuals with the Parkinson’s carry a two-fold risk for the disease. In this article, chance of developing the Parkinson’s disease is estimated for an individual in five types of families. That is, families with negative history of the PD (I), families with positive history where neither one of the parents (II), one of the parents (III-IV), or both parents (V) are diagnosed with the disease. After a sophisticated modeling, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Approach are used to estimate the chance of developing the Parkinson’s in the five mentioned family types. It is extremely important knowing such probabilities as the individual can take precautionary measures to defy the odds. While many physicians have provided medical opinions on chance of developing the PD, our study is one of the first to provide statistical modeling and analysis with real data to support the conclusions.

“I Am the Family Face”:Darwinism,Heredity,and Atavism in Thomas Hardy’s Novels

19th-century scientific breakthroughs and developments exerted huge influence upon Thomas Hardy’s literary work,among which Darwinian discourses as well as issues of heredity and degeneration have attracted considerable critical attention.These scientific discourses can find their literary echoes in Hardy’s novels.Hardy’s characters are trapped by biological determinism and are therefore deprived of freewill,a devastating element which contributes to Hardy’s tragic vision.In Hardy’s early novels,Darwinism and other scientific issues are dealt with in a discursive manner,as is the case in A Pair of Blue Eyes;it is only in his late novels,especially in Tess of the d’Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure,that Hardy finally succeeds in incorporating Darwinian and hereditary discourses into his literary and philosophical conception and design.Thus to use a Darwinian term,this paper investigates the evolutionary process in which Hardy grows gradually adept in his artistic attempt to fuse the contemporary scientific discourses with his literary imagination,as well as in using scientific issues to mediate between authorial intention and critical expectation.

A Theory of Bio-Quantum Genetics

The physical mechanism of heredity or inheritance of genes is a quantum mechanical and/or quantum computational process. A theory of bio-quantum genetics is established in this paper. Principle of Bio-quantum Genetics is suggested. I propose and define the soft-genes of genetics controlling the processes of heredity or inheritance of genes. This research deals with the quantum mechanisms of Mendel plant heredity and family inheritance as examples of bio-quantum genetics, deepening our understanding of heredity or inheritance. I believe that more contributions will be made to promote researches of bio-quantum genetics or quantum biology at large.

Phenotypical Aspects of a Familial Syndromic Retinitis Pigmentosa

Aim: To report a familial case of syndromic retinitis pigmentosa identified at Aristide Le Dantec Hospital in Dakar and to describe their clinical characteristics ophthalmic. Observation: We report a sibling group of nine children, four died at a young age from unknown causes. Three children were affected by retinitis pigmentosa, two cases were syndromic. A history of nyctalopia was found in all three affected children. The mean age of onset of decreased visual acuity was 6.6 years. Patient 1 affected by syndromic retinitis pigmentosa had an extraocular sign of cystic dilation of the main bile duct. Patient 2 had myoclonic epilepsy, psychomotor retardation, and the molar tooth sign on cerebral MRI (highly suggestive of Joubert syndrome). The third child had isolated retinitis pigmentosa. Ophthalmological examinations (fundus examination, electroretinogram, and visual evoked potentials) and pediatric examinations in the remaining two children were normal. Discussion and Conclusion: Retinitis pigmentosa is a rare degenerative disease that can be associated with several other malformations, highlighting the importance of screening for associated conditions. It presents a grim functional prognosis and a life prognosis dependent on extraocular manifestations. Molecular biology (karyotyping, next-generation sequencing) could have identified the implicated genes and allowed for a formal diagnosis and genetic counseling.

Heredity in the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hot-rolled Spring Steel Wire 60Si2MnA during Heat Treatment Process

Heredity in the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-rolled spring steel wire 60Si2MnA during heat treatment process was investigated comprehensively. The steel was isothermally transformed to obtain various hot-rolled microstructure （pearlite fineness within the range of 140-510 nm） and mechanical properties, and followed by some quenching-tempering treatment. Afterwards, microstructure was characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and quantitative metallography, and mechanical properties were determined by tensile test. The results indicated that the hot-rolled microstructure with a coarsen pearlite structure had been changed after reheating, to a austenite microstructure with bigger and more uneven grain size, and finally to a coarsen tempered microstructure. And the average austenite grain size and standard deviation of its distribution in quenched microstructure were observed to depend linearly on the interlamellar spacing in hot-rolled microstructure. Besides, to obtain a good combination of the final strength and plasticity, an optimum value range （190-280 nm） of the interlamellar spacing had been determined for the interlamellar spacing in hot-rolled microstructure.

Heredity factor in myopia development among a sample in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Background Development of myopia among young children is often contributed to the refractive status of the parents. This study was conducted to determine whether myopia can be inherited across the generation among a sample in the Klang Valley. Three generations involved are： G1 （grandparents）, G2 （parents） and G3 （children）. Methods Sixty-two families were screened and forty families were selected to participate in this study. The inclusion criterion is having at least one myopic member in any of the three generations. Subjects （G2） were first asked to fill up a questionnaire form before their refractive status was determined by clinical examination that provided acuity of 6/6 or better. Refractive status of G1 was determined using information from the questionnaire while for G2 and G3 through clinical examination. Results Generally, the prevalence of myopia is seen to increase throughout the generations from G1 being the lowest （25.6%） to G3 being the highest （41.1%）. Strong genetic influence can be found between G1 and G2 as majority of myopes in G2 is when both parents were myopic. However, although the prevalence of myopia increased from G2 to G3, there was no strong genetical influence. Majority of subjects in G3 were non-myopes when both their parents were myopic. Conclusion Parental historv accounts for a limited DrODOrtion of variance in mvoeia development.

Heredity Characteristic From Hot Rolled Microstructure to Annealed Microstructure in High Strength TRIP Steels

The influence of hot rolled process on microstructure in TRIP （transformation induced plasticity） steel and the heredity characteristic from the hot rolled microstructure to annealed microstructure are investigated. The results show that there are two kinds of hot rolled microstructures at different coiling temperatures. One is composed of coarse grains of ferrite, pearlite and bainite, and the other is composed of small grains of ferrite, bainite and austen- ite, After annealing, the first kind of hot rolled microstructure is greatly refined, and volume fraction, and carbon content of austenite increase significantly. However, it has little changes in grain size, volume fraction and carbon content of austenite after the second kind of hot roiled sheet is annealed. There are also differences in distribution of retained austenite between the two annealed microstructures observed by EBSD and TEM technology. Retained aus- tenite in the first annealed microstructure is distributed mainly on the inside of the polygonal ferrite in the form of spot, only little retained austenite is located on bainte ferrite boundary, however retained austenite in the second an- nealing microstructure is located in several places, such as inside of polygonal ferrite, polygonal ferrite boundary, and bainte ferrite boundary.