Tourism and heritage in the enhancement of Tianjin

This article examines what is being promoted about Tianjin’s rich heritage through its tourism and heritage practices.An industrial city traditionally known for its crafts and gastronomy,Tianjin has gradually begun to promote its Chinese heritage and,since the 2000s,its city centre,which is noteworthy for its former foreign concessions and 19th-and 20th-century architectural heritage.After long neglect,the city centre has become a major component in the promotion of the city.Based on the analysis of tourism materials and studies conducted since the mid-2000s,this article first discusses the development of tourism in Tianjin and the chronology and interweaving of the services involved in heritage development.Then,it focuses on the reception of the city’s tourism offerings and on urban development operations in two sectors,Wudadao(or‘Five avenues’),located in the former British Concession,and the‘I-Style Town’in the former Italian Concession.

The sustainability cycle of historic houses and cultural memory: Controversy between historic preservation and heritage conservation

Historic preservation and heritage conservation are two mainstream concepts related to the sustainability and renewal of historic houses.With the aim of enhancing the sustainability of historic houses,this article criticizes the view of historic preservation that insists on preserving historic houses with their old appearances,which does not fully develop their sustainability.In contrast,the article provides support for the view of heritage conservation that aims to promote the sustainability of historic houses and related legislation.In the second and third parts,this article examines the theoretical origin of historic preservation,which emphasizes and summarizes the one-way protection of cultural memory via historic houses.In the fourth part,the article turns to heritage conservation,highlights the sustainable cycle between historic houses and cultural memory,and underlines the advantages of this sustainable cycle.In the fifth part,this article presents a sustainable approach to heritage conservation and related legal safeguards by taking the renewal of historic houses in China’s Bagua Village(or"Eight Diagrams Village")as an example.In the last part,this paper summarizes the theoretical value,practical value and limitations of this article.The findings can facilitate the UN’s sustainable development of social inclusion,economic growth,and environmental protection to promote the heritage legislation and policy of present and future generations.

Repercussions of Singularity of Site Authorities in Making Heritage Conservation Decisions:Evidence from Iraq

Different global assertions have recently been made prohibiting the mono approach of decision-makers in formulating heritage conservation policies,due to many unfavourable touristic and political implications.The mono approach has led to exploitation of some sites’cultural standing as well as condoning a veritable remedy of some of their social and urban aspects,and thus threatening these sites with exclusion from the World Heritage List.This paper investigates the approach of some local Iraqi experiences of conservation,aiming at revealing some of the more painful repercussions of the singularity of site authorities in planning for built heritage future,which may draw a plan for the site away from its heritage potential.Some local cases are reviewed here,such as Erbil Citadel,setting them as examples that may add more facts to the global experience of heritage conservation in this regard.The paper concludes that the site authorities are also liable to drift as a result of some ramifications that impede setting a deep-sighted strategy,and thus may stray far from delivering the far-reaching aims.Accordingly,the monaural authority approach may need to be synthesised with some of the site’s locally-based views through an overlapped integral loop of interactions between them,which may support the conservation policy-formulation with diverse contributions.