Evaluation of Liver Function tests （AST ＆ ALT） in Patients with Hepatitis B and C in Tabriz-lran （2013）

Viral hepatitis is among the infections that primarily affect the liver and is one of the main causes of death in the world. Every year, more than one million people worldwide die of viral hepatitis. In recent decades, the number of people with hepatitis B and C has declined in Iran. The purpose of this study was to investigate normal and abnormal liver enzymes （AST, ALT） in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C in a number of public and private laboratories in Tabriz. In the study conducted in 2013, of those who had referred to clinical laboratories for various reasons or who had been reported by centers of infectious or dialysis therapy, a sample of 1,000 patients were identified with hepatitis B and C; 693 people had hepatitis B and 307 people had hepatitis C. On a sample of patients, liver enzymes were evaluated using standard methods. The percentage of women and men in this study were inconsistent with global statistics. However this inconsistency could be justified by the alcohol consumption and an increase in the number of addicted people in society as well as women＇s fear due to some social issues.

Measurement of hepatic functional mass by means of ^(13)C-methacetin and ^(13)C-phenylalanine breath tests in chronic liver disease: Comparison with Child-Pugh score and serum bile acid levels

AIM: To evaluate and compare the clinical usefulness of 13C-phenylalanine and 13C-methacetin breath tests in quantitating functional hepatic mass in patients with chronic liver disease and to further compare these results with those of conventional tests, Child-Pugh score and serum bile acid levels.METHODS: One hundred and forty patients (50 HCV-related chronic hepatitis, 90 liver cirrhosis patients) and 40 matched healthy controls were studied. Both breath test and routine liver test, serum levels of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid conjugates were evaluated.RESULTS: Methacetin breath test, expressed as 60 min cumulative percent of oxidation, discriminated the hepatic functional capacity not only between controls and liver disease patients, but also between different categories of chronic liver disease patients. Methacetin breath test was correlated with liver function tests and serum bile acids.Furthermore, methacetin breath test, as well as serum bile acids, were highly predictive of Child-Pugh scores. The diagnostic power of phenylalanine breath test was always less than that of methacetin breath test.CONCLUSION: Methacetin breath test represents a safe and accurate diagnostic tool in the evaluation of hepatic functional mass in chronic liver disease patients.

Could quantitative liver function tests gain wide acceptance among hepatologists?

It has been emphasized that the assessment of residual liver function is of paramount importance to determine the following： severity of acute or chronic liver diseases independent of etiology; long-term prognosis; step-bystep disease progression; surgical risk; and efficacy of antiviral treatment. The most frequently used tools are the galactose elimination capacity to asses hepatocyte cytosol activity, plasma clearance of indocyanine green to assess excretory function, and antipyrine clearance to estimate microsomal activity. However, a widely accepted liver test （not necessarily a laboratory one） to assess quantitative functional hepatic reserve still needs to be established, although there have been various proposals. Furthermore, who are the operators that should order these tests？ Advances in analytic methods are expected to allow quantitative liver function tests to be used in clinical practice.

Age, Gender Pattern and Liver Function Markers in Hepatitis B and C Seropositive Participants Attending a Health Facility in Yaba-Lagos, Nigeria

Background: Individuals with sero-positivity for Hepatitis B and C have been reported. Most seropositive individuals appear healthy. Liver function markers such as AST, ALT, ALP, Bilirubin and total protein levels are markers for assessing liver impairment. This study (i)assessed seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and both HBV and HCV (ii) HBV and or HCV seropositivity and age or gender, (iii) assess gender and liver function markers and (iv) update data on liver function and simple diagnostic markers. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, cross sectional study of asymptomatic individuals presenting at the Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory of Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR), Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria from January 2018 to August 2020. Markers of liver function were investigated on hepatitis B and or C sero-positive and negative participants using TC Matrix Chemistry analyser (Teco Diagnostics, USA) and Biobase reagent Kits. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Out of 475 participants, 60.4% were males and 39.6% females. 53% of males and 32.5% of females were sero-positive for HBV while 32.5% of males and 14.5% of females were sero-positive for HCV. 75.3% and 76.1% of Age group 20 - 40 years were sero-positive for Hepatitis B and C respectively. Mean AST levels of 17.49 ± 13.69, 33.46 ± 93.42 and 19.82 ± 12.54 respectively among those sero-positive for HBV, HCV, and both HBV and HCV. Mean ALT levels of 17.68 ± 14.32, 40.26 ± 13.86 and 20.04 ± 12.78 respectively for HBV, HCV and both HBV and HCV sero-positive cases. Mean ALP levels were 77.52 ± 34.0 for HBV sero-positive cases, 82.04 ± 38.45 in HCV and 77.95 ± 30.48 in both HBV and HCV sero-positive cases. Mean Total Bilirubin levels of HBV, HCV and both HBV and HCV sero-positive cases were 13.25 ± 14.52, 14.98 ± 20.74, 10.58 ± 4.91 respectively while Mean Total protein levels were 77.24 ± 6.27 in HBV, 77.87 ± 5.56 in HCV and 77.0 ± 5.99 in both HBV and HCV sero-positive cases. ALP, bilirubin and total protein were all within normal reference values in HBV, HCV and HBV/HCV dual infections. AST and ALT values were significantly elevated in HCV seropositivity compared to HBV single and HBV/BCV dual seropositivity. Conclusion: 30% prevalence of HBV, HCV and both HBV and HCV were observed. Age 20 - 40 years was significantly higher in seropositivity for hepatitis B, C and B and C dual seropositivity. More males than females showed seropositivity for hepatitis B and C. There was no significant difference between gender and liver function markers. AST and ALT remain reliable markers of liver function.

Indocyanine green kinetics to assess liver function: Ready for a clinical dynamic assessment in major liver surgery?

Indocyanine green(ICG) kinetics(PDR/R15) used to quantitatively assess hepatic function in the perioperative period of major resective surgery and liver transplantation have been the object of an extensive, updated and critical review. New, non invasive bedside monitors(pulse dye densitometry technology) make this opportunity widely available in clinical practice. After having reviewed basic concepts of hepatic clearance, we analysed the most common indications ICG kinetic parameters have nowadays in clinical practice, focusing in particular on the diagnostic and prognostic role of PDR and R15 in the perioperative period of major liver surgery and liver transplantation. As recently pointed out, even if of extreme interest, ICG clearance parameters have still some limitations, to be considered when using these tests.

Assessment of correlation between serum titers of hepatitis c virus and severity of liver disease

AIM:The significance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) serum titers has been examined in several clinical situations. There is much evidence that patients with a lower viral load have better response rates to anti-viral therapy compared to those with higher levels.Moreover,a direct association has been observed between serum titers of HCV and transmission rates of the virus.The aim of the present study was to determine if there was any correlation between HCV viral load and the severity of liver disease. METHODS:Fifty patients with HCV infection were included in the study.These comprised of 34 subjects with a history of alcohol use and 16 non-alcoholics.Quantitative serum HCV RNA assay was carried out using the branched DNA (bDNA) technique.Linear regression analysis was performed between serum viral titers and liver tests.In addition,for the purpose of comparison,the subjects were divided into two groups:those with low viral liters (≤50 genome mEq/mL) and high titers (>50 mEq/mL). RESULTS:All subjects were men,with a mean±SD age of 47±7.8 years.The mean HCV RNA level in the blood was 76.3×10~5±109.1 genome equivalents/mL.There was no correlation between HCV RNA levels and age of the patients (r=0.181),and the history or amount (g/d) of alcohol consumption (r=0.07).Furthermore,no correlation was observed between serum HCV RNA levels and the severity of liver disease as judged by the values of serum albumin (r=0.175),bilirubin (r=0.217),ALT (r=0.06) and AST (r=0.004) levels.Similarly,no significant difference was observed between patients with low viral titers and high liters with respect to any of the parameters. CONCLUSION:Our results indicate that the severity of liver disease is independent of serum levels of hepatitis C virus.These findings are important since they have a direct impact on the current debate regarding the role of direct cytopathic effect of hepatitis C virus versus immune-mediated injury in the pathogenesis of HCV-related liver damage.

From bed to bench: Which attitude towards the laboratoryliver tests should health care practitioners strike?

There is a general consensus in re-interpreting the so-called liver function tests in the light of novel discoveries. At the same time, recent evidence favours the use of different laboratory data to assess liver damage, fibrosis or regenerative process, but this point is not always shared. Actually, balancing the need for diagnosis, prognostic evaluation and therapy response of liver disease with a good cost/benefit ratio is very difficult. New tests are probably not needed but the aim should be for better utilization of existing tests to contain the increasing cost of health care.

HBV genotype characterization and distribution in patients with HBV-related liver diseases in Zhejiang Province, P. R. China: possible association of co-infection with disease prevalence and severity

BACKGROUND: There are 8 well-documented genotypes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) at this time point. Genotyping can be accomplished based on a partial sequence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome such as the pre-S or S gene. Several methods have been developed and used for HBV genotyping including direct sequencing, restriction fragment length polymorphism, line probe assay and enzyme-linked immunoassay. Recently, a novel, rapid and cost-effective genotyping method based on PCR amplification assay using type-specific primers that can identify all six major genotypes has been developed. This study was undertaken to characterise HBV genotypes and investigate the association between the prevalence of different genotypes and the severity of HBV-induced liver diseases. METHODS: Serum samples from carriers of HBV and patients with HBV-related liver diseases from Zhejiang Province were screened for viral serological markers using commercially available radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Serum HBV DNA load was determined by real-time detection PCR. A type-specific primer based the nested-PCR method was employed in the HBV genotyping. The genotype results obtained were confirmed by direct sequencing of nested PCR amplicons of the pre-S region. Ten samples of each genotype (B and C) were sequenced. RESULTS: The survey on a cohort of 125 HBV carriers in and around Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province showed the existence of HBV genotypes A (0.8%), B (48%), C (40.8%), D (0.8%), mixed B and C (9.6%) and an absence of E and F genotypes. Distribution of HBV genotypes in patients with liver diseases revealed a statistically insignificant higher prevalence of genotype B in mild chronic hepatitis (CH). Among the three genotypes B, C and mixed B/C infections 11 (73.3%), 3 (20%) and 1 (6.7%), (P< 0.05), respectively in subjects with moderate CH, genotype B was significantly predominant. The infection patterns for genotypes B, C and B/C mixed in (i) liver cirrhosis (LC) 4 (23.5%), 10 (58.8%) and3 (17.7%) and (ii) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 2 (28.6%), 5(71.4%) and 0 (0.0%) respectively revealed a marked association of C genotype with liver disease; however, the association was statistically insignificant (P >0.05). Differences in positive rate of HBeAg for the three genotypes B, 16(30.8%), C, 27(51.9%), and mixed B/C, 9(17.3%) were significant (P < 0. 05 ) , with genotype C showing predominance. CONCLUSIONS : These findings show an interesting distribution of HBV A-D genotypes in Zhejiang Province. Furthermore, our results indicate a novel and markedly high prevalence of mixed B/C genotype infections in subjects with severe CH and LC, and a possible association of mixed B/C infections with the severity of liver diseases in this region of China's Mainland.

Autoimmune liver diseases in systemic rheumatic diseases

Systemic rheumatic diseases(SRDs)are chronic,inflammatory,autoimmune disorders with the presence of autoantibodies that may affect any organ or system.Liver dysfunction in SRDs can be associated with prescribed drugs,viral hepatitis,alternative hepatic comorbidities and coexisting autoimmune liver diseases(AILDs),requiring an exclusion of secondary conditions before considering liver involvement.The patterns of overlap diseases depend predominantly on genetic determinants with common susceptible loci widely distributing in both disorders.In AILDs,it is important to identify the overlapping SRDs at an early stage since such a coexistence may influence the disease course and prognosis.Commonly co-occurring SRDs in AILDs are Sjögren syndrome(SS),rheumatoid arthritis(RA)or systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)in autoimmune hepatitis(AIH),and SS,RA or systemic sclerosis in primary biliary cholangitis.Owing to different disease complications and therapies,it is imperative to differentiate between SLE liver involvement and SLE-AIH overlap disease.Therapeutic options can be personalized to control coexisting conditions of liver autoimmunity and rheumatic manifestations in AILD-SRD overlap diseases.The collaboration between hepatologists and rheumatologists can lead to significant advances in managing such a complex scenario.In this review,we provide a comprehensive overview on coexisting AILDs in different SRDs and the therapeutic approach in managing these overlap diseases.

Abnormal liver enzymes: A review for clinicians

Liver biochemical tests are some of the most commonly ordered routine tests in the inpatient and outpatient setting,especially with the automatization of testing in this technological era.These tests include aminotransferases,alkaline phosphatase,gamma-glutamyl transferase,bilirubin,albumin,prothrombin time and international normalized ratio(INR).Abnormal liver biochemical tests can be categorized based on the pattern and the magnitude of aminotransferases elevation.Generally,abnormalities in aminotransferases can be classified into a hepatocellular pattern or cholestatic pattern and can be further sub-classified based on the magnitude of aminotransferase elevation to mild[<5×upper limit of normal(ULN)],moderate(>5-<15×ULN)and severe(>15×ULN).Hepatocellular pattern causes include but are not limited to;non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,alcohol use,chronic viral hepatitis,liver cirrhosis(variable),autoimmune hepatitis,hemochromatosis,Wilson’s disease,alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency,celiac disease,medication-induced and ischemic hepatitis.Cholestatic pattern causes include but is not limited to;biliary pathology(obstruction,autoimmune),other conditions with hyperbilirubinemia(conjugated and unconjugated).It is crucial to interpret these commonly ordered tests accurately as appropriate further workup,treatment and referral can greatly benefit the patient due to prompt treatment which can improve the natural history of several of the diseases mentioned and possibly reduce the risk of progression to the liver cirrhosis.

Seroprevalence of HCV and its co-infection with HBV and HIV among liver disease patients of South Tamil Nadu

AIM:To determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus(HCV) and its co-infection with hepatitis B virus(HBV),hepatitis delta agent(HDV) and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) among liver disease patients of south Tamil Nadu. METHODS:A total of 1012 samples comprising 512 clinically diagnosed cases of liver disease patients and 500 apparently healthy age and sex matched individuals were screened for Hepatitis C virus(anti HCV and HCV RNA) ,Hepatitis B virus(HBsAg),Hepatitis delta agent(anti HDV) and Human immuno virus(antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2) using commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits.HCV RNA wasdetected by RT-PCR.Liver function tests like ALT,AST,GGT,ALP,bilirubin and albumin were also studied. RESULTS:The seroprevalence of HCV was found to be 5.6%among liver disease patients by ELISA.27/512,49/512 and 12/512 patients were positive for HIV,HBV &HDV respectively.Co-infection of HCV&HBV was found in 8 patients,with 6 for HCV&HIV and 4 for HCV,HBV&HIV co-infections.Sex-wise analysis showed that HIV,HCV&HBV and HCV&HIV co-infection was high among females whereas for HBV it was high in males. The mean ALT and AST in HCV positive cases were 42.1±8.3 and 49±10.1.In people co-infected with HCV&HBV or HCV&HIV or HCV,HBV&HIV the mean ALT of 58.0±03.16,56.78±4.401 and 64.37±4.01 respectively. CONCLUSION:We strongly recommend routine test of the blood for HCV in addition to HBV and HIV.We also recommend individualized counseling to identify those at risk and testing for those who want it.Improved surveillance and periodic epidemiological studies will have to be undertaken to monitor and prevent these blood-borne viruses.

Clinical indicators for progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to cirrhosis

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),is a disease spectrum characterized by fat accumulation in hepatocytes presenting as hepatic steatosis to advance disease with active hepatic inflammation,known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.Chronic steatohepatitis will lead to progressive hepatic fibrosis causing cirrhosis and increased risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Fatty liver disease prevalence has increased at alarming rates alongside obesity,diabetes and metabolic syndrome to become the second most common cause of cirrhosis after alcohol related liver disease worldwide.Given this rise in prevalence,it is becoming increasingly more important to find non-invasive methods to diagnose disease early and stage hepatic fibrosis.Providing clinicians with the tools to diagnose and treat the full spectrum of NAFLD will help prevent known complications such as cirrhosis and HCC and improve quality of life for the patients suffering from this disease.This article discusses the utility of current noninvasive liver function testing in the clinical progression of fatty liver disease along with the imaging modalities that are available.Additionally,we summarize available treatment options including targeted medical therapy through four different pathways,surgical or endoscopic intervention.

N-acetyl cysteine therapy in acute viral hepatitis

AIM: To investigate the effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC)on acute viral hepatitis (AVH).METHODS: We administered 200 mg oral NAC three times daily (600 mg/day) to the study group and placebo capsules to the control group. All patients were hospitalized and diagnosed as AVH. Blood total and direct bilirubin, ALT, AST,alkaline phosphatese, albumin and globulin levels of each patient were measured twice weekly until total bilirubin level dropped under 2 mg/dl, ALT level under 100 U/L, follow up was continued and then the patients were discharged.RESULTS: A total of 41(13 female and 28 male) AVH patients were included in our study. The period for normalization of ALT and total bilirubin in the study group was 19.7±6.9 days and 13.7±8.5 days respectively. In the control group it was 20.4±6.5 days and 16.9±7.8 days respectively (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION: NAC administration effected neither the time necessary for normalization of ALT and total bilirubin values nor duration of hospitalization, so we could not suggest NAC for the treatment of icteric AVH cases. However, our results have shown that this drug is not harmful to patients with AVH.

Safety and efficacy of oral HD-03/ES given for six months in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection

AIM： To investigate the safety and efficacy of the formulation HD-03/ES capsules in the management of patients with chronic hepatitis B infection.METHODS： A total of 25 patients were recruited to the study and were given HD-03/ES, two capsules twice daily for six months. Clinical assessment of symptoms and signs were done using the ＂clinical observation table＂ once a month before and after the treatment. Biochemical investigations of total bilirubin, ALT, AST, serum protein for liver function tests were done every month after initiating treatment. Serum was analyzed for HBV markers for HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA at baseline, 4 and 6 mo alter therapy using ELISA kits from Roche.RESULTS： After 6 mo of therapy with HD-03/ES, a significant reduction of ALT values from 66.5 ± 11.1 to 39.1 ± 5.2 （P 〈 0.01） and a significant HBsAg loss （52%, P 〈 0.001）, HBeAg loss （60%, P 〈 0.05） and HBV DNA loss （60%, P 〈 0.05） was observed. Adverse effects were mild and never warranted withdrawal of the drug.CONCLUSION： The results of this pilot study indicate that HD-03/ES might be a safe and effective treatment for chronic hepatitis B infection and a long-term multicentric comparator trial is warranted and under way.

血清ALT及HBsAg、HBeAb水平与慢性HBV感染患者肝功能及其预后的关系

【目的】探讨血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙型肝炎e抗体(HBeAb)水平与慢性乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染患者肝功能及其预后的关系。【方法】回顾性分析116例慢性HBV感染患者的临床资料,依据HBV感染进展情况分组,单纯慢性HBV感染为预后良好组(n=60),进展为肝硬化及肝癌患者为预后不良组(n=56)。比较两组一般资料,ALT、HBsAg及HBeAb水平。分析ALT、HBsAg、HBeAb预测患者预后不良的价值、患者预后不良的影响因素及三项指标与患者肝功能的关系。【结果】预后不良组肝功能分级为B级和C级人数占比,血清ALT及HBsAg、HBeAb定量水平高于预后良好组(P<0.05);受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析显示:ALT、HBsAg、HBeAb水平均可用于患者预后不良的预测中,曲线下面积分别为0.984、0.926、0.956(均P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,肝功能分级B级和C级、ALT≥235.67 U/L、HBsAg≥708.45 IU/mL、HBeAb≥56.153 INH%是慢性HBV感染患者预后不良的危险因素(P<0.05);相关性分析显示,血清ALT、HBsAg、HBeAb定量水平与肝功能分级呈正相关(P<0.05)。【结论】血清ALT、HBsAg、HBeAb水平与慢性HBV感染患者肝功能分级呈正相关,肝功能分级B级和C级、ALT≥235.67 U/L、HBsAg≥708.45 IU/mL、HBeAb≥56.153 INH%是慢性HBV感染患者预后不良的危险因素,可作为监测慢性HBV感染患者病情的重要指标,为临床诊断和治疗提供参考。

超声弹性成像结合血清指标评估慢性乙型肝炎患者乙肝纤维化的应用研究

目的探讨超声弹性成像结合血清指标评估慢性乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化的应用效果。方法选取2022年4月—2023年4月在扬州市第三人民医院肝病科确诊为显著性肝纤维化的66例慢性乙型肝炎患者为试验组,同期临床确诊为非显著性肝纤维化的66例慢性乙型肝炎患者为对照组。2组患者均行肝脏超声弹性成像检测,同时检测血清相关指标。比较2组杨氏模量值等超声弹性成像检查结果和相关血清学指标。结果肝脏超声弹性成像检测结果显示,试验组杨氏模量值(9.26±1.43)kPa、肝纤维化指数肝纤维指数(liver fibrosis index,LF Index)(2.85±1.23)水平显著高于对照组[(5.56±1.35)kPa、(2.14±0.43)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。试验组肝功能指标血清透明质酸(hyaluronic acid,HA)、层粘连蛋白(laminin,LN)、Ⅳ型胶原(typeⅣcollagen,Ⅳ-C)、Ⅲ型前胶原氨基端肽水平(level of amino terminal peptide of typeⅢprocollagen,PⅢP)[(86.36±12.24)μg/L、(64.38±8.96)μg/L、(72.03±11.12)μg/L、(13.42±4.02)μg/L]水平高于对照组[(45.41±10.35)μg/L、(51.12±10.23)μg/L、(48.25±13.02)μg/L、(8.02±1.39)μg/L],差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。试验组谷草转氨酶(glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase,AST)、谷丙转氨酶(glutamic-pyruvic transaminase,ALT),γ-谷氨酞转肽酶(γ-glutathione transdermal enzyme,GGT)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)[(25.62±4.22)U/L、(33.56±3.43)U/L、(22.76±3.06)U/L、(73.92±8.63)U/L]高于对照组[(18.36±4.96)U/L、(20.36±4.23)U/L、(18.38±2.64)U/L、(52.31±10.25)U/L],差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。试验组三酰甘油(triacylglycerol,TG)、胆固醇(cholesterol,CHOL)水平[(1.03±0.31)mmol/L、(4.33±0.52)mmol/L]低于对照组[(1.83±0.29)mmol/L、(5.02±0.38)mmol/L],差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论慢性乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化存在超声弹性成像结果改变,且伴有血清指标异常变化,两者联合诊断可为肝纤维化评估与预测提供参考依据。

肝功能检验在肝炎后肝硬化诊断中的应用价值分析

目的:分析肝功能检验在肝炎后肝硬化诊断中的应用价值。方法:选取2023年1—12月中国贵航集团三○二医院收治的疑似肝炎后肝硬化患者100例作为研究对象。所有患者均给予肝功能检验和CT检查,以肝组织病理活检结果为“金标准”,比较肝功能检验和CT检查的诊断效能、不同Child-Pugh分级患者肝功能指标的差异。结果:100例疑似患者中60例确诊为肝炎后肝硬化。肝功能检验准确度、敏感度高于CT检查,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两种方式特异度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A级总胆汁酸(TBA)水平低于B级、C级,白蛋白(ALB)、胆碱酯酶(CHE)、胆固醇(TC)水平高于B级、C级,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);B级TBA水平低于C级,ALB、CHE、TC水平高于C级,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:肝功能检验诊断肝炎后肝硬化的准确度、敏感度较高,且各指标在不同Child-Pugh分级患者中存在差异,能够为医生诊断肝炎后肝硬化提供参考。

谷胱甘肽辅助治疗重型病毒性肝炎和肝炎肝硬化

目的：探讨谷胱甘肽辅助治疗重型病毒性肝炎和肝炎肝硬化的疗效。方法：４０例病人分成２组，治疗组２０例（男性１６例，女性４例；年龄４４±ｓ１１ａ）在综合性治疗（用甘草酸二铵、肝细胞生长因子、茵栀黄等）基础上用谷胱甘肽０．６～１．２ｇ加入１０％葡萄糖注射液２５０ｍＬ中静脉滴注，ｑｄ，连续１～２ｍｏ。对照组２０例（男性１８例，女性２例；年龄４６±１２ａ）单用综合治疗。结果：治疗组症状、体征改善明显优于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０５）。总胆红素、凝血酶原时间变化亦优于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），但丙氨酸转氨酶治疗后２组间无明显差别（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：谷胱甘肽辅助治疗病毒性肝炎及肝炎肝硬化有较好的疗效。

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清脂联素水平与肝功能及相关因素的关系

目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者血清脂联素水平与肝功能及相关因素的关系。方法选择77例不同类型CHB患者,应用ELISA法检测血清脂联素水平;同时检测肝功能、血脂、空腹血糖(FBG)、HBVDNA等。测量人体身高、体重,计算体重指数(BMI)。30例健康体检者为正常对照组。结果各组CHB患者血清脂联素水平明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01),随肝损害加重而上升。脂联素与AST、TBil和ALP均正相关,与白蛋白(ALB)负相关。结论CHB患者血清脂联素水平升高与肝脏炎症活动有关,可能是机体抵抗炎症的一种机制。

肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌120例肝功能损伤分析

目的探讨肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞术(transarterial chemoembolization,TACE)治疗原发性肝癌后肝功能损伤发生状况和影响因素。方法回顾性分析120例经TACE治疗的原发性肝癌患者肝功能出现损伤的发生情况与病例的性别、年龄、肿瘤体积、手术前肝功能分级、TACE操作次数、选择肿瘤栓塞供血动脉和肝硬化分级的关系。结果原发性肝癌患者在经过TACE治疗后,是否发生肝功能损伤与患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤体积和Child-Pugh分级关系之间的数据未见相关性(P>0.05);出现肝功能损伤病例中:行TACE次数>2次有15例(15/46),≤2次仅6例(6/74),两者比较,χ~2=11.794,P=0.001;肝硬化分级Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级及以上者分别是1(1/36)、6(6/40)、14(14/44)例,三者比较,χ~2=11.826,P=0.003;进一步分析,肝功能损伤与行TACE次数呈正相关(r_s=0.403,P<0.05);肝功能损伤与肝硬化分级呈正相关(r_s=0.327,P<0.05)。结论原发性肝癌在经过TACE治疗后,患者是否发生肝功能损伤与行TACE次数、患者肝硬化分级两个因素呈显著性相关,所以在治疗过程中,应该严格掌握患者本身的肝硬化情况,尽量减少TACE操作次数,减少肝功能损伤。