Oxygen uptake under starvation and short periods of sudden temperature change was measured forlarval herring （Clupea harengus L.） reared at average temperature of 7.3, 11 and 12.9℃. Larval stagesbetween first feedi...Oxygen uptake under starvation and short periods of sudden temperature change was measured forlarval herring （Clupea harengus L.） reared at average temperature of 7.3, 11 and 12.9℃. Larval stagesbetween first feeding and premetamorphosis were used. For comparison, the routine oxygen uptake（ROU） was also investigated and followed the relationship Q=0.974+0. 174 tW<sup>0.210</sup>, where Q is in μg/（mg·h）, W is dry body weight in mg and t is temperature in ℃. The oxygen uptake under starvation（SOU, deprived of food for 24 h） was different from the routine when the larval dry weightwas less than 0.6-0.8 mg, it increased with temperature and body weight giving the reationship Q=1.568+0.110 tW<sup>0.380</sup>, if the larval dry weight mp more than 0.6-0.8 mg, it reverted to the norm(Q=1.704+0.078 tW<sup>-0.349</sup>). The oxygen uptake was tested in short periods （3 h） of sudden temperaturechanges in six groups: 7.3 to 11, 7.3 to 12.9, 11 to 7.3. 11 to 12.9, 12.9 to 7.3 and 1.29 to11℃. The oxygen uptake in the 7.3 to 12.9 and展开更多
Changes in quantities of water, sodium, potassium, lipid and protein were compared in developing eggs and yolk-sac larvae of herring dupes harengus L., a species with demersal eggs, and plaice Pleuroncctcs platessa L....Changes in quantities of water, sodium, potassium, lipid and protein were compared in developing eggs and yolk-sac larvae of herring dupes harengus L., a species with demersal eggs, and plaice Pleuroncctcs platessa L., a species with pelagic eggs. The principal difference between the two species was the occurrence in herring, but not in plaice of considerable increases in water content and in one or both of the above ions at three distinct stages: at fertilization,during the middle stage of egg development, and in the days immediately after hatching. Newly hatched larvae of the two species differed greatly in water content because of the difference in mass and water content of the yolk, not in the water content of the rest of the body. In herring, there were increases in sodium and potassium which coincided broadly with the increase in water content. These differences are related to the gradual acquisition of buoyancy by herring during this period, comparable with the buoyancy conferred on plaice eggs展开更多
Ce(Ⅲ)-ALC-F complex can react with hsDNA to form an electrochemically non-active supermolecular complex Ce(Ⅲ)-ALC-F-DNA in the buffer solution of (CH2)6N4(pH=4.9), which results in the decrease of the peak current o...Ce(Ⅲ)-ALC-F complex can react with hsDNA to form an electrochemically non-active supermolecular complex Ce(Ⅲ)-ALC-F-DNA in the buffer solution of (CH2)6N4(pH=4.9), which results in the decrease of the peak current of Ce(Ⅲ)-ALC-F. This method can be applied to determine DNA concentration. In addition, by using fluorimetric and UV-spectrophotometric methods with studies of denatured DNA and the effect of NaCl solution , it is also found that the binding mode is intercalation.展开更多
The fluorescence spectra of the interaction between four new distamycin analogs and DNA from herring sperm have been studied in detail. The fluorescence quenching of the DNA by the analogs was observed, and the fluore...The fluorescence spectra of the interaction between four new distamycin analogs and DNA from herring sperm have been studied in detail. The fluorescence quenching of the DNA by the analogs was observed, and the fluorescence intensity of the DNA was attenuated exponentially with the increasing of the analogs concentration.展开更多
In recent years,the small pelagic fishery on the Pacific northwest coast of Mexico has significantly increased fishing pressure on thread herring Opisthonema spp.This fishery is regulated using a precautionary approac...In recent years,the small pelagic fishery on the Pacific northwest coast of Mexico has significantly increased fishing pressure on thread herring Opisthonema spp.This fishery is regulated using a precautionary approach(acceptable biological catch(ABC)and minimum catch size).However,due to fishing dynamics,fish aggregation habits and increased fishing mortality,periodic biomass assessments are necessary to estimate ABC and assess the resource status.The Catch-MSY approach was used to analyze historical series of thread herring catches off the western Baja California Sur(BCS,1981–2018)and the Gulf of California(GC,1972–2018)to estimate exploitable biomass and target reference points in order to obtain catch quotas.According to the results,in GC,the maximum biomass reached in 1972(at the beginning of fishery)and minimum biomass reached in 2015;the estimated exploitable biomass for 2019 was 42.2×10^(4) t;and the maximum sustainable yield(MSY)was 15.4×10^(4) t.In the western BCS coast,the maximum biomass was reached in 1981(at the beginning of fishery)and minimum biomass was reached in 2017;the estimated exploitable biomass for 2019 was 3.2×10^(4) t;and the MSY was 1.2×10^(4) t.Both stocks showed a decrease in biomass over the past years and were currently near to point of full exploitation.The results suggest that the use of the Catch-MSY method is suitable to obtain annual biomass estimates,in order to establish an ABC,to know the current state of the resource,and to avoid overcoming the potential recovery of the stocks.展开更多
Anadromous alosines are widespread throughout the Northern Hemisphere.Juveniles of this clade are notoriously fragile animals that are at high risk of injury and death associated with passage at hydroelectric faciliti...Anadromous alosines are widespread throughout the Northern Hemisphere.Juveniles of this clade are notoriously fragile animals that are at high risk of injury and death associated with passage at hydroelectric facilities.Although turbine mortality is a common concern,conditions encountered when bypassed around these routes may also be hazardous.Downstream bypass structures typically discharge into plunge pools,which are highly turbulent and may cause mechanical injury.We subjected live,actively migrating juvenile blueback herring to a suite of realistic plunge pool conditions(3 m drop,pool depth of 60-180 cm,and discharge of 0.28-1.70 m^(3)/s)and monitored them for≥96 h.Survival was generally higher than expected(>80%in all cases).However,both plunge pool volume and total discharge affected survival with elevated discharge and shallow conditions associated with increased mortality.Mortality was often delayed:rates remained elevated throughout the monitoring period,indicating that survival studies based on shorter periods underestimate total mortality.展开更多
Birds’behavioral response to brood parasitism can be influenced not only by evolution but also by context and individual experience.This could include nest sanitation,in which birds remove debris from their nests.Ult...Birds’behavioral response to brood parasitism can be influenced not only by evolution but also by context and individual experience.This could include nest sanitation,in which birds remove debris from their nests.Ultimately,nest sanitation behavior might be an evolutionary precursor to the rejection of parasitic eggs.Proximately,the context or experience of performing nest sanitation behavior might increase the detection or prime the removal of parasitic eggs,but evidence to date is limited.We tested incubation-stage nests of herring gulls Larus argentatus to ask whether nest sanitation increased parasitic egg rejection.In an initial set of 160 single-object experiments,small,red,blocky objects were usually rejected(18 of 20 nests),whereas life-sized,3D-printed herring gull eggs were not rejected whether red(0 of 20)or the olive-tan base color of herring gull eggs(0 of 20).Next,we simultaneously presented a red,3D-printed gull egg and a small,red block.These nests exhibited frequent nest sanitation(small,red block removed at 40 of 48 nests),but egg rejection remained uncommon(5 of those 40)and not significantly different from control nests(5 of 49)which received the parasitic egg but not the priming object.Thus,performance of nest sanitation did not shape individuals’responses to parasitism.Interestingly,parents were more likely to reject the parasitic egg when they were present as we approached the nest to add the experimental objects.Depending on the underlying mechanism,this could also be a case of experience creating variation in responses to parasitism.展开更多
Forage fishes are ecologically and economically important low trophic level species,and in recent years interest in their biology and management has intensified.Pacific Herring are emblemat-ic of the management issues...Forage fishes are ecologically and economically important low trophic level species,and in recent years interest in their biology and management has intensified.Pacific Herring are emblemat-ic of the management issues facing forage species-they are central components of the Northeast Pacific pelagic food web and support important commercial fisheries.In addition,the importance of Herring to indigenous peoples have made them cultural keystone species.We employed a participatory process to promote collaborative priority-setting for this critical forage species.Working with managers,the fisher-ies industry,indigenous peoples,and scientists,we co-constructed a conceptual model of the Pacific Her-ring social-ecological system(SES)in the Northeast Pacific.We then identified a set of questions,that,if answered,would significantly increase our ability to sustainably manage the Herring SES.Our objective was to generate a road map for scientists who wish to conduct useful forage fish research,for resource managers who wish to develop new research efforts that could fill critical gaps,and for public agencies and private foundations seeking to prioritize funding on forage fish issues in the Pacific.With this socio-cultural centrality comes complexity for fisheries management.Our participatory process highlighted the value of conceptualizing the full SES,overcame disciplinary differences in scientific approaches,research philos-ophy,and language,and charted a path forward for future research and management for forage species.展开更多
The Dutch herring trade contributed greatly to Dutch commercial prosperity. The most profitable Dutch fishing grounds, however, were off the coasts of England and Scotland. For centuries, the English allowed the Dutch...The Dutch herring trade contributed greatly to Dutch commercial prosperity. The most profitable Dutch fishing grounds, however, were off the coasts of England and Scotland. For centuries, the English allowed the Dutch to fish these waters. During the reign of James I, however, the changing English perspective of the Dutch led the English Crown to question the right of the Dutch to fish in English waters. In the fishing trade, centuries of cooperation gave way to an emerging commercial rivalry.展开更多
Carboxylic acid-functionalized nano-sized magnetic composite polymers (COOH-NMPs) were synthesized and used for the preparation of the modified glassy carbon electrode, i.e., COOH-NMPs/GCE and DNA/COOH-NMPs/GCE. The e...Carboxylic acid-functionalized nano-sized magnetic composite polymers (COOH-NMPs) were synthesized and used for the preparation of the modified glassy carbon electrode, i.e., COOH-NMPs/GCE and DNA/COOH-NMPs/GCE. The electrochemical behaviors of melamine (MM) were investigated on COOH-NMPs/GCE by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in both cases of DNA in the solution and immobilized on the electrode surface. The electron transfer coefficient (a) and the rate constant (ks) kept unchanged in the absence and presence of DNA. Based on the electrochemical properties of the interaction of MM on the surface of the DNA/COOH-NMPs/GCE, a direct method for the determination of MM in liquid milk was established. The detection limit of this method was 2.0 ng·L﹣1, with average recoveries at 95.9% - 104.2% and RSD at 4.5% - 8.2%. The proposed method was provided to have a good accuracy, high stability and good reproducibility with a simple and environmental friendly process. 10 kinds of liquid milk samples bought from the market randomly were tested, and only 1 of them was found at relatively low level of MM residue with the amount of 0.12 ug·L﹣1.展开更多
文摘Oxygen uptake under starvation and short periods of sudden temperature change was measured forlarval herring （Clupea harengus L.） reared at average temperature of 7.3, 11 and 12.9℃. Larval stagesbetween first feeding and premetamorphosis were used. For comparison, the routine oxygen uptake（ROU） was also investigated and followed the relationship Q=0.974+0. 174 tW<sup>0.210</sup>, where Q is in μg/（mg·h）, W is dry body weight in mg and t is temperature in ℃. The oxygen uptake under starvation（SOU, deprived of food for 24 h） was different from the routine when the larval dry weightwas less than 0.6-0.8 mg, it increased with temperature and body weight giving the reationship Q=1.568+0.110 tW<sup>0.380</sup>, if the larval dry weight mp more than 0.6-0.8 mg, it reverted to the norm(Q=1.704+0.078 tW<sup>-0.349</sup>). The oxygen uptake was tested in short periods （3 h） of sudden temperaturechanges in six groups: 7.3 to 11, 7.3 to 12.9, 11 to 7.3. 11 to 12.9, 12.9 to 7.3 and 1.29 to11℃. The oxygen uptake in the 7.3 to 12.9 and
文摘Changes in quantities of water, sodium, potassium, lipid and protein were compared in developing eggs and yolk-sac larvae of herring dupes harengus L., a species with demersal eggs, and plaice Pleuroncctcs platessa L., a species with pelagic eggs. The principal difference between the two species was the occurrence in herring, but not in plaice of considerable increases in water content and in one or both of the above ions at three distinct stages: at fertilization,during the middle stage of egg development, and in the days immediately after hatching. Newly hatched larvae of the two species differed greatly in water content because of the difference in mass and water content of the yolk, not in the water content of the rest of the body. In herring, there were increases in sodium and potassium which coincided broadly with the increase in water content. These differences are related to the gradual acquisition of buoyancy by herring during this period, comparable with the buoyancy conferred on plaice eggs
文摘Ce(Ⅲ)-ALC-F complex can react with hsDNA to form an electrochemically non-active supermolecular complex Ce(Ⅲ)-ALC-F-DNA in the buffer solution of (CH2)6N4(pH=4.9), which results in the decrease of the peak current of Ce(Ⅲ)-ALC-F. This method can be applied to determine DNA concentration. In addition, by using fluorimetric and UV-spectrophotometric methods with studies of denatured DNA and the effect of NaCl solution , it is also found that the binding mode is intercalation.
基金The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.39970169,29872001).
文摘The fluorescence spectra of the interaction between four new distamycin analogs and DNA from herring sperm have been studied in detail. The fluorescence quenching of the DNA by the analogs was observed, and the fluorescence intensity of the DNA was attenuated exponentially with the increasing of the analogs concentration.
基金The Fund of Secretaría Académica y de Investigación of the Instituto Politécnico Nacionalthe Fund of the National Council for Science and Technology(Mexico)+1 种基金Instituto Politécnico Nacionalthe Fund of the Comisión de Operación y Fomento de Actividades Académicas-Instituto Politécnico Nacional。
文摘In recent years,the small pelagic fishery on the Pacific northwest coast of Mexico has significantly increased fishing pressure on thread herring Opisthonema spp.This fishery is regulated using a precautionary approach(acceptable biological catch(ABC)and minimum catch size).However,due to fishing dynamics,fish aggregation habits and increased fishing mortality,periodic biomass assessments are necessary to estimate ABC and assess the resource status.The Catch-MSY approach was used to analyze historical series of thread herring catches off the western Baja California Sur(BCS,1981–2018)and the Gulf of California(GC,1972–2018)to estimate exploitable biomass and target reference points in order to obtain catch quotas.According to the results,in GC,the maximum biomass reached in 1972(at the beginning of fishery)and minimum biomass reached in 2015;the estimated exploitable biomass for 2019 was 42.2×10^(4) t;and the maximum sustainable yield(MSY)was 15.4×10^(4) t.In the western BCS coast,the maximum biomass was reached in 1981(at the beginning of fishery)and minimum biomass was reached in 2017;the estimated exploitable biomass for 2019 was 3.2×10^(4) t;and the MSY was 1.2×10^(4) t.Both stocks showed a decrease in biomass over the past years and were currently near to point of full exploitation.The results suggest that the use of the Catch-MSY method is suitable to obtain annual biomass estimates,in order to establish an ABC,to know the current state of the resource,and to avoid overcoming the potential recovery of the stocks.
基金This work was funded through a collaborative agreement between USGS and Albany Engineering Corporation.,Albany,NY(AE)(agreement#18ENLB500001).
文摘Anadromous alosines are widespread throughout the Northern Hemisphere.Juveniles of this clade are notoriously fragile animals that are at high risk of injury and death associated with passage at hydroelectric facilities.Although turbine mortality is a common concern,conditions encountered when bypassed around these routes may also be hazardous.Downstream bypass structures typically discharge into plunge pools,which are highly turbulent and may cause mechanical injury.We subjected live,actively migrating juvenile blueback herring to a suite of realistic plunge pool conditions(3 m drop,pool depth of 60-180 cm,and discharge of 0.28-1.70 m^(3)/s)and monitored them for≥96 h.Survival was generally higher than expected(>80%in all cases).However,both plunge pool volume and total discharge affected survival with elevated discharge and shallow conditions associated with increased mortality.Mortality was often delayed:rates remained elevated throughout the monitoring period,indicating that survival studies based on shorter periods underestimate total mortality.
基金supported by funds from the Arthur Vining Davis Foundation.
文摘Birds’behavioral response to brood parasitism can be influenced not only by evolution but also by context and individual experience.This could include nest sanitation,in which birds remove debris from their nests.Ultimately,nest sanitation behavior might be an evolutionary precursor to the rejection of parasitic eggs.Proximately,the context or experience of performing nest sanitation behavior might increase the detection or prime the removal of parasitic eggs,but evidence to date is limited.We tested incubation-stage nests of herring gulls Larus argentatus to ask whether nest sanitation increased parasitic egg rejection.In an initial set of 160 single-object experiments,small,red,blocky objects were usually rejected(18 of 20 nests),whereas life-sized,3D-printed herring gull eggs were not rejected whether red(0 of 20)or the olive-tan base color of herring gull eggs(0 of 20).Next,we simultaneously presented a red,3D-printed gull egg and a small,red block.These nests exhibited frequent nest sanitation(small,red block removed at 40 of 48 nests),but egg rejection remained uncommon(5 of those 40)and not significantly different from control nests(5 of 49)which received the parasitic egg but not the priming object.Thus,performance of nest sanitation did not shape individuals’responses to parasitism.Interestingly,parents were more likely to reject the parasitic egg when they were present as we approached the nest to add the experimental objects.Depending on the underlying mechanism,this could also be a case of experience creating variation in responses to parasitism.
基金We deeply appreciate the lively participation of the 118 participants in the Pacific Herring Summit(http://oceanmodelingforum.o r g/wp-content/up-loads/2015/07/Summit-Final-Attendee-List.pdf).Their thoughtful comments and passion for Pacific Herring inspired this study.We thank the David and Lucille Packard Foundation,the Pew Charitable Trusts and The Canada Department of Fisheries and Oceans for sponsoring the Pacific Herring Summit.TF was sup-ported by the David and Lucille Packard Foundation during the writing of this manuscript.The graphic of the Herring social-ecological system was illustrated by Sam Bradd.PSL thanks C.Sativus inspirational production.
文摘Forage fishes are ecologically and economically important low trophic level species,and in recent years interest in their biology and management has intensified.Pacific Herring are emblemat-ic of the management issues facing forage species-they are central components of the Northeast Pacific pelagic food web and support important commercial fisheries.In addition,the importance of Herring to indigenous peoples have made them cultural keystone species.We employed a participatory process to promote collaborative priority-setting for this critical forage species.Working with managers,the fisher-ies industry,indigenous peoples,and scientists,we co-constructed a conceptual model of the Pacific Her-ring social-ecological system(SES)in the Northeast Pacific.We then identified a set of questions,that,if answered,would significantly increase our ability to sustainably manage the Herring SES.Our objective was to generate a road map for scientists who wish to conduct useful forage fish research,for resource managers who wish to develop new research efforts that could fill critical gaps,and for public agencies and private foundations seeking to prioritize funding on forage fish issues in the Pacific.With this socio-cultural centrality comes complexity for fisheries management.Our participatory process highlighted the value of conceptualizing the full SES,overcame disciplinary differences in scientific approaches,research philos-ophy,and language,and charted a path forward for future research and management for forage species.
文摘The Dutch herring trade contributed greatly to Dutch commercial prosperity. The most profitable Dutch fishing grounds, however, were off the coasts of England and Scotland. For centuries, the English allowed the Dutch to fish these waters. During the reign of James I, however, the changing English perspective of the Dutch led the English Crown to question the right of the Dutch to fish in English waters. In the fishing trade, centuries of cooperation gave way to an emerging commercial rivalry.
文摘Carboxylic acid-functionalized nano-sized magnetic composite polymers (COOH-NMPs) were synthesized and used for the preparation of the modified glassy carbon electrode, i.e., COOH-NMPs/GCE and DNA/COOH-NMPs/GCE. The electrochemical behaviors of melamine (MM) were investigated on COOH-NMPs/GCE by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in both cases of DNA in the solution and immobilized on the electrode surface. The electron transfer coefficient (a) and the rate constant (ks) kept unchanged in the absence and presence of DNA. Based on the electrochemical properties of the interaction of MM on the surface of the DNA/COOH-NMPs/GCE, a direct method for the determination of MM in liquid milk was established. The detection limit of this method was 2.0 ng·L﹣1, with average recoveries at 95.9% - 104.2% and RSD at 4.5% - 8.2%. The proposed method was provided to have a good accuracy, high stability and good reproducibility with a simple and environmental friendly process. 10 kinds of liquid milk samples bought from the market randomly were tested, and only 1 of them was found at relatively low level of MM residue with the amount of 0.12 ug·L﹣1.
