Factors associated with heterochronic gastric cancer development post-endoscopic mucosal dissection in early gastric cancer patients

BACKGROUND Endoscopic mucosal resection is an innovative method for treating early gastric cancer and has been widely used in clinical practice.AIM To analyze the factors associated with the development of heterochronic gastric cancer in patients with early gastric cancer who had undergone endoscopic mucosal dissection(EMD).METHODS A cohort of patients with early gastric cancer treated using EMD was retrospectively analyzed,and patients who developed heterochronic gastric cancer after the surgery were compared with those who did not.The effects of patient age,sex,tumor size,pathological type,and surgical technique on the development of heterochronic gastric cancer were assessed using statistical analysis.RESULTS Of the 300 patients with early gastric cancer,150 patients developed heterochronic gastric cancer after EMD.Statistical analysis revealed that patient age(P value=XX),sex(P value=XX),tumor size(P value=XX),pathological type(P value=XX),and surgical technique(P value=XX)were significantly associated with the occurrence of heterochronic gastric cancer.CONCLUSION Age,sex,tumor size,pathological type,and surgical technique are key factors influencing the occurrence of heterochronic gastric cancer after EMD in patients with early gastric cancer.To address these factors,postoperative follow-up and management should be strengthened to improve the prognosis and survival rate of patients.

Reoperation for heterochronic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas after bile duct neoplasm resection:A case report

BACKGROUND Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct(IPNB)and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(IPMN)of the pancreas have similar pathological manifestations.However,they often develop separately and it is rare for both to occur together.Patients presenting with heterochronic IPMN after IPNB are prone to be misdiagnosed with tumor recurrence.CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old male patient was admitted 8.5 years after IPNB carcinoma and 4 years after the discovery of a pancreatic tumor.A left hepatic bile duct tumor with distal bile duct dilatation was found 8.5 years ago by the computed tomography;therefore,a left hepatectomy was performed.The postoperative pathological diagnosis was malignant IPNB with negative cutting edge and pathological stage T1N0M0.Magnetic resonance imaging 4 years ago showed cystic lesions in the pancreatic head with pancreatic duct dilatation,and carcinoembryonic antigen continued to increase.Positron emission tomography showed a maximum standard uptake value of 11.8 in the soft tissue mass in the pancreatic head,and a malignant tumor was considered.Radical pancreatoduodenectomy was performed.Postoperative pathological diagnosis was pancreatic head IPMN with negative cutting edge,pancreaticobiliary type,stage T3N0M0.He was discharged 15 d after the operation.Follow-up for 6 mo showed no tumor recurrence,and quality of life was good.CONCLUSION IPNB and IPMN are precancerous lesions with similar pathological characteristics and require active surgery and long-term follow-up.

联体共生模型在衰老研究中的应用

联体共生(parabiosis)模型最早在1863年被制作成功,并在1972年首次将有年龄差别的该模型(heterochronic parabiosis)引入对于寿命的研究。近年来,该模型在衰老研究领域取得了不少进展,并在神经系统、肌组织、骨组织和胰腺组织等方面取得了一些有意义的结论。本文将2011年以来基于有年龄差别的该模型在衰老研究中的应用做一综述,总结该领域的研究进展,梳理潜在的药物靶点,归纳研究的热点和焦点问题,并对该领域今后的发展方向做一展望,试图探索出研究的新思路。

Coastal Adaptation of <i>Adenophora triphylla var. japonica</i>(Campanulaceae)

The comparative morphology and anatomy of leaves between the coastal ecotype and the normal type of Adenophora triphylla (Thunb.) A.DC. var. japonica (Regel) H.Hara (Campanulaceae) were examined to clarify the differences in morphological characters between the 2 groups. Morphological and anatomical analyses revealed that the coastal ecotype had a thicker leaf than the normal type, because of the increased size of epidermal and spongy cells. Thus, the main morphological change from the normal type into the coastal ecotype of A. triphylla var. japonica is the increase in leaf size, suggesting that the coastal ecotype may have evolved from the normal type via a heterochronic process.

A rice mutant displaying a heterochronically elongated internode carries a 100 kb deletion

We have isolated a recessive rice mutant, designated as indeterminate growth （ing）, which displays creeping and apparent heterochronic phenotypes in the vegetative period with lanky and winding culms. Rough mapping and subsequent molecular characterization revealed that the ing mutant carries a large deletion, which corresponds to a 103 kb region in the Nipponbare genome, containing nine annotated genes on chromosome 3. Of these annotated genes, the SLR1 gene encoding a DELLA protein is the only one that is well characterized in its function, and its null mutation, which is caused by a single base deletion in the middle of the intronless SLR1 gene, confers a slender phenotype that bears close resemblance to the ing mutant phenotype. The primary cause of the ing mutant phenotype is the deletion of the SLR1 gene, and the ing mutant appears to be the first characterized mutant having the entire SLR1 sequence deleted. Our results also suggest that the deleted region of 103 kb does not contain an indispensable gene, whose dysfunction must result in a lethal phenotype.

Heterochronic bilateral ectopic pregnancy after ovulation inductionHeterochronic bilateral ectopic pregnancy after ovulation induction

Ectopic pregnancy is identified with the widely-applied assisted reproductive technology （ART）. Bilateral ectopic pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy which is difficult to be diagnosed at the pre-operation stage. In this paper, we presented an unusual case of heterochronic bilateral ectopic pregnancy after stimulated intrauterine insemination （IUI）, where there has been a delay of 22 d between the diagnoses of the two ectopic pregnancies. Literature was reviewed on the occurrence of bilateral ectopic pregnancy during the past four years in the MEDLINE database. We found 16 cases of bilateral ectopic pregnancy reported since 2008, and analyzed the characteristics of those cases of bilateral ectopic pregnancy. We emphasize that ovulation induction and other ARTs may increase the risk of bilateral ectopic pregnancy. Because of the difficulty in identification of bilateral ectopic pregnancy by ultraso- nography, the clinician should be aware that the treatment of one ectopic pregnancy does not preclude the occurrence of a second ectopic pregnancy in the same patient and should pay attention to the intra-operation inspection of both side fallopian tubes in any ectopic pregnancy case.