Identification of Heterodera schachtii on sugar beet in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China

The sugar beet cyst nematode,Heterodera schachtii,is a major parasite of sugar beet which has been recognized and listed as a quarantine nematode in China and more than 20 countries and regions worldwide.A survey for important nematodes was undertaken in the sugar beet planting area of China during 2015-2018,and numerous cysts were collected from sugar beet fields in Xinyuan County,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China.The observations of morphological and morphometric characteristics revealed that cysts,vulval cones and second-stage juveniles of the Xinjiang population were in the same range of each other and within those of other reported H.schachtii populations.Molecular analysis of rDNA-ITS,28S-D2/D3 and mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1(COI)gene sequences suggested that the Xinjiang population clustered in a branch with those foreign populations,and the sequence similarity was as high as 99.81-100%.Moreover,this result was confirmed by PCR assay with species-specific primer SHF6 and rDNA2 of H.schachtii,and the pathogenicity test confirmed successful Xinjiang population reproduction in both plant hosts.In conclusion,based on morphological and molecular characterization,this study confirmed that the cyst nematode population collected from sugar beet fields in Xinjiang is H.schachtii.As far as we know,this is the first report of H.schachtii on sugar beets in Xinjiang,China.

潜在外来入侵甜菜孢囊线虫在中国的适生性风险分析

本文应用MAXENT与GARP两种生态位模型对甜菜孢囊线虫在中国的适生性进行了风险分析和预测。结果表明甜菜孢囊线虫可在中国17个省市生存,适生范围为26°N～48°N,77.6°E～136°E。甜菜孢囊线虫入侵的高风险区:内蒙古南部、新疆西部、河北中南部、山西东北部、宁夏、甘肃北部;中风险区:北京、天津、陕西、山西大部、内蒙古西部和东南部、吉林西部、新疆北部;低风险区:河南、陕西南部、山东、内蒙古中东部、新疆中部、辽宁、吉林大部、黑龙江南部、江苏、安徽、湖北、湖南、江西、浙江北部;而青海、新疆南部、西藏、四川、重庆、云南、贵州、广西、广东、福建、海南、内蒙古少数地区和黑龙江部分地区属于基本不发生区。我国内蒙古、新疆、辽宁等省市甜菜种植区均适合甜菜孢囊线虫发生,对上述地区的进出口岸应加强甜菜孢囊线虫的检疫工作。

国外甜菜孢囊线虫发生危害、生物学和控制技术研究进展

甜菜孢囊线虫（Heterodera schachtii Schmidt）是全世界重要检疫性有害生物,对甜菜具有毁灭性危害,该线虫已在全世界50多个国家或地区有分布,22个国家将其列为检疫对象。甜菜孢囊线虫寄主多达23科95属218种植物,可导致甜菜产量损失达25%～70%,甚至绝产,在欧洲每年造成的经济损失已超过9000万欧元,严重威胁当地甜菜生产和制糖业。甜菜孢囊线虫是我国重要进境检疫性有害生物,因其对甜菜具有毁灭性危害,我国各级农业行政主管部门对甜菜孢囊线虫都高度重视,严防该线虫的暴发和危害,本文介绍国外甜菜孢囊线虫研究进展。

甜菜孢囊线虫二龄幼虫对不同类型化合物的趋化性研究

为明确甜菜孢囊线虫(Heterodera schachtii Schmidt)二龄幼虫对不同化合物的趋化性,应用琼脂凝胶平法板测试了甜菜孢囊线虫二龄幼虫对35种不同种类无机化合物的趋化反应。结果表明,有10种化合物对甜菜孢囊线虫二龄幼虫表现吸引作用,分别是:FeCl3、CuCl2、NH4Cl、KNO3、Ca(NO3)2·4H2O、Na2SO4、CuSO4、CaCO3、K2HPO4和C2H3O2NH4,其中CuSO4的吸引作用最强;5种化合物对甜菜孢囊线虫二龄幼虫表现趋避作用,分别是:NH4NO3、Na2CO3、NH4H2PO4、C2H4O2和C3H6O3,其中NH4NO3的趋避作用最强;而甜菜孢囊线虫二龄幼虫对其余20种化合物表现吸引和趋避共存作用。在具有吸引或趋避作用的15种化合物中,只有FeCl3、K2HPO4、C2H4O2和Na2CO3的趋化值与浓度呈线性关系。