Development of a Renewable Energy Based DC Excitation System in a Micro Hydro Power Plant

MHPPs （micro hydro power plants） have become prominent in hydropower plants as a solution to provide the energy demands of the grid. In this study, a new hybrid renewable energy based DC excitation system for synchronous generator in the developed MHPP system is introduced. Proposed hybrid DC excitation system consists of solar ＆ hydrogen energy based power generating systems. Hybrid renewable energy based system is used for the excitation of the synchronous generator in the MHPP test system. The renewables are used as a secondary energy source to provide the excitation current to a synchronous generator that generates energy in MHPP. A PV （photovoltaic） array is used as the main source of excitation, and a FC （fuel cell） stack is used for DC excitation in the lack of sunshine. In the experimental setup, an electrical control card is developed, and a microcontroller is used to perform the proposed excitation system. All experimental results obtained from 5 kW rated power MHHP test system. Experimental results show that, the proposed method provides the continuous excitation current, and the operation of the synchronous generator is uninterrupted. The proposed method is also practical and easily implemented for MHPP systems.

Mid-long Term Optimal Dispatching Method of Hydro-thermal Power System Considering Scheduled Maintenance

在中长期水火发电调度中考虑检修计划的影响是目前中长期水火发电调度面临的难题。利用现代整数代数建模技术，建立发电计划和检修计划协调优化的多场景调度模型。在该模型中，鉴于设备检修计划的连续性，在预测场景树的基础上，将场景节点划分成不同的场景，通过节点和场景关联矩阵，实现多场景下设备检修模型的构建。同时，鉴于中长期调度计划中发电计划和检修计划对时段间隔要求的不同，分别设置电量相关节点和电力相关节点，实现中长期发电计划和检修计划的协调。上述模型是一个大规模混合整数线性规划（mixed integer linear programming，MILP）问题，采用商用MILP求解器进行求解。大规模实际水火电系统的实例分析结果表明，所提模型和方法是可行、有效的。

内陆水面漂浮式光伏开发分析与可行技术方案

光伏作为我国目前最重要的新能源发电形式之一,对实现我国双碳战略目标有着重要的作用。基于开发水库、内陆水面漂浮式光伏电站的各类影响因素及政策导向,分析了未来开发内陆水面漂浮式光伏电站,形成水光互补发电格局的挑战与前景。对漂浮式光伏电站的技术方案进行了调查、研究与初步设计,形成了可供参考的内陆漂浮式光伏开发初步方案。

基于人工鱼群算法的水风光联合调峰优化模型

本文提出基于多Agent人工鱼群算法(MAAFAS)的,以剩余负荷均方差最小为目标函数的梯级水风光短期调峰优化调度模型。该模型充分结合了Agent算法的自主性和人工鱼群算法的全局寻优性,降低了约束的复杂性,易于获得复杂问题求解下的最优解。并以我国南方地区某流域的6座水电站,11座风电场,4座光伏电站组成的风光水电源互补系统为研究对象,从不同来水场景下(汛期、枯期)进行实例分析。结果表明:该模型可以有效地利用水电能源的调峰能力,平均提高负荷峰谷差降幅率到44.65%,缩小原始负荷峰谷差3300 MW,剩余负荷趋于平稳,便于风光能源的更好消纳,是一种实用性较强的水风光短期调峰优化方法。

Present status of pumped hydro storage operations to mitigate renewable energy fluctuations in Japan

This paper focuses on pumped hydro energy storage(PHES)plants’current operations after electricity system reforms and variable renewable energy(VRE)installations in Japan.PHES plants have historically been developed to create electricity demand at night in order to operate base load power plants,such as nuclear power plants,in stable conditions.Therefore,many PHES plants are located midway between nuclear power plants and large demand areas.However,all nuclear power plants had to–at least temporarily–shut down after the Great East Japan Earthquake followed by a nuclear accident at Fukushima Daiichi in 2011,and renewable energy power plants have been deployed rapidly after the introduction of a feed-in-tariff(FIT)scheme.Therefore,PHES plants are being used to mitigate fluctuations of VRE,especially in areas where renewable energy has been significantly installed.The daily highest capacity ratio of PHES plants in Kyushu area has recorded three times higher than it in the other areas where the past operating mode is still conducted.But those operations on PHES plants are simply followed as a dispatch rule of the Organization for Crossregional Coordination of Transmission Operators(OCCTO),market-based operations have not been conducted enough yet.The market design shall be changed to harmonize VRE installation and PHES plants’operations are necessary to make the transition from the past operating mode of PHES plants across Japan.

New Analytical Model for Optimal Placement of Wind Turbines in Power Network under Pool and Reserve Markets Conditions

In this paper a new market based analytical model is proposed for optimal placement of Wind Turbines (WTs) in power systems. In addition to wind turbines, thermal units (THUs) and Pumped Storage Hydro Power Plants (PSHPPs) owners participate in power market. Objective function is defined as participants’ social welfare achieved from power pool and ancillary markets in yearly horizon. Wind turbines have been modeled by probability-generation tree scenarios based on statistical information. We concentrate on investment profits of WTs numbers and its generation capacity beside to PSHPPs and THUs power plants in power systems due to increase in high flexible tools for Independent system operator into the planning and operation planning time interval. For effectiveness evaluation of proposed model, simulation studies are applied on 14-Bus IEEE test power system.

On the Short-Term Optimisation of a Hydro Basin with Social Constraints

In this paper, an optimisation problem for calculating the best energy bids of a set of hydro power plants in a basin is proposed. The model is applied to a real Spanish basin for the short-term (24-hour) planning of the operation. The algorithm considers the ecological flows and social consumptions required for the actual operation. One of the hydro plants is fluent, without direct-control abilities. The results show that the fluent plant can be adequately controlled by using the storage capacities of the other plants. In the simulations, the costs related to the social consumptions are more significant than those due to the ecological requirements. An estimate of the cost of providing water for social uses is performed in the study.

基于纳什谈判理论的风电-虚拟氢厂参与现货市场合作运行策略

为解决市场机制下风-氢多能系统的合作运行问题,提出基于纳什谈判理论的风电-虚拟氢厂(VHP)参与现货市场合作运行策略。从制氢、储氢、柔性氢负荷3个方面揭示氢能系统灵活运行机理,提出了VHP的概念并建立考虑制-储-用多环节协同运行的氢能系统一体化模型,在此基础上,计及不同制氢技术间的资源互补特性、低碳互补特性,从技术组合创新的角度提出电解水制氢与煤制氢耦合运行的“综合制氢”系统。基于典型场景集刻画风电及市场电价的不确定性,以收益最大化为目标,建立电力现货市场环境下基于纳什谈判理论的风电-VHP合作运行两阶段随机规划模型。为保护各主体的隐私,在对原始纳什谈判问题进行等效转换后,基于交替方向乘子法实现合作运行模型的分布式求解,并通过仿真算例验证了所提策略的有效性。

基于YOLO V5模型的水电站智能巡检系统设计

及早发现水电站设备漏油、漏水、漏气、放电等异常并及时采取修复措施,是实现水电站安全运行的重要保障。本文基于计算机视觉和深度学习技术,设计了一种基于YOLO V5模型的水电站智能巡检系统,利用YOLO V5模型在图像识别的性能优势,训练后的模型经验证,对于跑冒滴漏的异常识别准确率可达到98%以上,能够满足水电厂安全监控的要求,具有较大推广应用价值。

贺州电厂建(构)筑物沉降监测的重点和难点分析

建筑沉降观测是针对建(构)筑物的高程变化所进行的测量,是评价地基基础工程质量的重要依据,关系到建(构)筑物的安全,是建(构)筑物施工期及运营期不可缺少的测量工作。本文以贺州电厂建(构)筑物沉降观测项目为例,对设计方案中的重点和难点问题进行分析和阐述。

基于光纤光栅技术顶盖螺栓载荷智能监测系统工程应用的研究

水轮发电机组顶盖为机组重要的承载部件之一,顶盖螺栓长期受轴向水推力、转轮上腔水压脉动等交变载荷,螺栓连接的可靠性和安全性对整个机组的正常运行有着至关重要的作用。本文提出了一种基于光纤光栅传感的顶盖螺栓载荷智能监测系统,介绍了传感器设计原理、传感器结构和监测系统设计,应用该系统测量了抽水蓄能电站顶盖螺栓安装时的预紧力及机组停机转抽水调相、抽水调相转抽水、抽水转停机、停机转发电、发电转停机等工况下的螺栓轴力变化。根据测量结果可得出圆周方向均布8颗螺栓同一工况下轴力变化趋势一致,但同一工况下不同位置的螺栓轴力变化量存在差别。采用螺栓载荷智能监测系统对水轮机组顶盖螺栓轴力进行实时监测,可以超前诊断预防不安全事故的发生,为数字化电厂的日常运行监督、检修改造提供技术依据。

Coastal power plant:a hybrid solar-hydro renewable energy technology

This article offers a demonstration of a novel technology that uses hydro and solar power combined with battery storage to generate electricity for deployment off coastal regions.Called the coastal power plant(CPP),such an installation has a multistorey water reservoir that draws in seawater that is then pumped up in vertical stages by geyser pumps into an overhead tank,from which it is released into a hydropower plant to generate electricity.The ocean surface is utilized to install a floating solar plant for photovoltaic energy generation.The intermittent renewable source is combined with a battery energy storage system to meet peak demands.Offshore oil industry technologies are utilized in fabricating the structures on shore and towing them to the site.The potential and cost effectiveness of a 201-MW CPP are also analyzed.Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new design in terms of investment and operation/maintenance costs.These compare favorably with other renewable energy technologies.

大规模水火电力系统最优潮流的现代内点理论分析

基于原始问题的扰动的Karush Kuhn Tucker条件,推导出一种求解水火电力系统最优潮流(HTOPF)问题的现代内点算法。沿着内点法的中心方向将该算法成功地扩展于求解次最优的HTOPF问题时(A-HTOPF)。与HTOPF相比,A-HTOPF不仅在求解大规模系统问题CPU时间下降1～2倍,而且在大多数情况下,可以保证所得最优目标值的精度高于99％。

深埋长引水隧洞对电站下游水温的影响

引水式水电站深埋长引水隧洞对电站下游水温的影响直接关系到下游水生物生境。采用k ε模型,结合能量传输方程建立了引水隧洞三维水温预测模型,并在利用原型观测资料验证模型的基础上,对拟建的锦屏二级引水隧洞的水温进行了预测。预测结果表明,由于雅砻江上拟建的锦屏二级隧洞洞径与过流量较大,水流在隧洞内滞流时间短,水温升高不明显。由于模型采用隧洞实际空间布置数据,建立包括混凝土衬砌区域在内的三维空间计算域,同时考虑温度场与流场的相互影响,实现了对温度场的精确模拟,从而可为水电站设计和水生物保护提供科学依据。

基于多智能体和人工神经网络的水电厂预知维护系统的研究

随着电力市场的发展,水电厂维护的自动化是提高水电厂整体经济效益的必然要求。在 ICMMS 框架下,提出了一种水电厂预知维护系统的多智能体模型。该模型由数据采、诊断与预诊断层以及维护决策层组成,从信号采集到维护决策的所有维护活动都集成到这个模型中。利用这个模型,建立了一个水电厂预知维护系统的原型系统,并应用 ANN 技术成功地解决了原型系统动态特性的在线监测、识别和故障诊断。

水电机组状态监测分析诊断系统的研制及应用实例

由清华大学等单位联合研制的水电机组状态监测分析诊断系统（ 简称 Ｐ Ｓ Ｔ Ａ Ｉ系统） ， 于１９９７ 年１１ 月在广州抽水蓄能电厂１ 号机上投入使用， 经过一年多的运行检验， 已於１９９８ 年１２ 月通过技术鉴定并受到好评。该系统硬件采用基于 Ｉ Ｐ Ｃ 的数据采集系统及上、下位机网络通信的分层分布结构； 软件采用基于 Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ Ｎ Ｔ 操作系统，实现了复杂的并行多任务调度机制。该厂还结合机组检修， 根据系统对１ 号机提供的导轴承瓦温和大轴摆度（ 轴振） 等异常情况及诊断处理措施， 对机组进行了有针对性的局部安装调整， 取得了满意的结果。该系统的成功使用， 为水电机组按状态实施检修和预测性维护提供了技术手段； 但由于该系统研制时间短， 且是初次使用， 尚需进一步积累经验， 有些系统功能及仿真计算等方面也有待改进和完善。

Profibus-DP现场总线技术在水电厂监控中的应用

介绍了Profibus-DP现场总线技术的特点和功能,结合水电厂监控的特点和要求,论述了Profibus-DP现场总线在水电厂监控系统应用中的硬件和软件设计。

有抽水蓄能电站的联合电力系统优化调度模型和算法

本文介绍了一组有抽水蓄能电厂的电力系统优化调度的模型和算法，包括机组的最优起停。用Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｉａｎ松弛法将问题分解为多个子系统，对协调级建议一种灵敏系数法代替常规的次梯度法、速度快适应性好；火电机组组合采用分解的方法，对抽水蓄能电厂的模型作了详细的描述，考虑了上、下游水库水位变化的影响。提出一种最大增益网的算法，可最优选择日抽水量。相应的模型和算法已成功地用于实际系统，并用于运行计划及效益分析的计算．证明了其合理性及有效性。

计及潮流约束的水火电力系统机组组合问题的分解–协调算法

针对传统机组组合研究中因模型不够完善、约束过于简化而引起的计算准确度低和系统安全性差的缺陷,建立了考虑潮流方程和水电精确出力的水火机组组合(hydrothermal unit commitment,HTUC)模型。围绕该模型,文中首先采用广义Benders分解算法将其划分为一个混合整数线性规划主问题和一个非线性规划子问题;然后将该子问题按时段进一步分解为T个规模较小的子问题,T为调度周期。其中,主问题对应于传统的水火联合调度(hydrothermal scheduling,HTS),子问题则是包含电压、无功等变量的约束潮流(constrained power flow,CPF)。主子问题之间通过可行割进行协调,并以交替迭代的方式获得原问题的解。最后对含有46台火电机组、8个梯级水电厂的IEEE 118节点系统进行计算,测试结果表明所提算法能在较少的时间内获得高质量的解,从而为大规模机组组合问题的求解提供参考。

基于PROFIBUS的水电厂自动化监控系统

介绍了PROFIBUS现场总线技术的特点和功能,结合水电站的特点和要求,论述了PROFIBUS现场总线在水电厂监控系统应用中的硬件和软件设计。