The aim of this study was to understand the cause of Madden–Julian oscillation(MJO)bias in the High Resolution AtmosphericModel(HiRAM)driven by observed SST through process-oriented diagnosis.Wavenumber-frequency pow...The aim of this study was to understand the cause of Madden–Julian oscillation(MJO)bias in the High Resolution AtmosphericModel(HiRAM)driven by observed SST through process-oriented diagnosis.Wavenumber-frequency power spectrum and composite analyses indicate that HiRAM underestimates the spectral amplitude over theMJO band and mainly produces non-propagating rather than eastward-propagating intraseasonal rainfall anomalies,as observed.Column-integrated moist static energy(MSE)budget analysis is conducted to understand the MJO propagation bias in the simulation.It is found that the bias is due to the lack of a zonally asymmetric distribution of the MSE tendency anomaly in respect to the MJO convective center,which is mainly attributable to the bias in vertical MSE advection and surface turbulent flux.Further analysis suggests that it is the unrealistic simulation of MJO vertical circulation anomalies in the upper troposphere as well as overestimation of the Rossby wave response that results in the bias.展开更多
建立了牙鲆弹状病毒的环介导等温扩增(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)检测方法,首先根据牙鲆弹状病毒的糖蛋白的基因保守序列,利用Primer Explorer V3软件设计了6条引物,并对LAMP反应温度和反应时间等条件进行了优化。...建立了牙鲆弹状病毒的环介导等温扩增(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)检测方法,首先根据牙鲆弹状病毒的糖蛋白的基因保守序列,利用Primer Explorer V3软件设计了6条引物,并对LAMP反应温度和反应时间等条件进行了优化。该方法的检测限为30fgRNA,比常规RT-PCR灵敏度高100倍,与鲤春血症病毒、传染性胰脏坏死病毒、传染性造血器官坏死病毒、海洋双RNA病毒、病毒性出血败血症病毒以及病毒性神经坏死病毒等没有交叉反应。该方法检测时间短,在1h内即可完成检测。用建立的LAMP方法对临床鱼样进行了检测,结果表明40尾石鲽鱼样品中有3尾感染HRV,与病毒分离结果一致,说明LAMP方法比较适合牙鲆弹状病毒的早期及现场诊断。展开更多
Few agriculture books achieve the status of ‘classic’. F. H. King’s book Farmers of Forty Centuries or Permanent Agriculture in China, Korea and Japan was privately published in Wisconsin, USA, in 1911. The book ha...Few agriculture books achieve the status of ‘classic’. F. H. King’s book Farmers of Forty Centuries or Permanent Agriculture in China, Korea and Japan was privately published in Wisconsin, USA, in 1911. The book had an inauspicious start, and the longevity and acclaim that this book has since achieved must have been, then, barely conceivable. The author was dead, the book was incomplete, and there was no commercial publisher. Yet through a combination of perhaps luck and circumstance the book was ‘resurrected’ in 1927 by a London publisher, Jonathan Cape, who then kept it in print for more than two decades. The London issue of King’s book was favourably cited in the 1930s and 1940s by leading agriculture and organic agriculture writers including: Lord North- bourne, Eve Balfour, Viscount Lymington, Albert and Louise Howard in Britain;Ehrenfried Pfeiffer in Switzerland;Jerome Rodale in the USA;and Stanton Hicks in Australia. These endorsements served to entrench King’s book as a ‘classic’. Jerome Rodale reintroduced the book to a US audience with an edition published by his Organic Gardening Press, c.1949. King’s book arose out of his discontent with the views promulgated by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), he differentiated the Asian agriculture he encountered as ‘permanent agriculture’, he provided a detailed account of the ancien régime organic agriculture of China, Korea and Japan, he called for a “world movement” for agricultural reform, and his book was been taken as a validation of the principles of organic agriculture. At least twenty six impressions of Farmers of Forty Centuries have been published in the past century, ten of these appeared during the first nine decades, while 16 have appeared in the past decade.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program on Monitoring,Early Warning and Prevention of Major Natural Disaster[Grant No.2019YFC1510004]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant Nos.41975108 and 42105022]+2 种基金NOAA[Grant No.NA18OAR4310298]the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu[Grant No.BK20190781]the National Natural Science Foundation of China–Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers[Grant No.U1606405].
文摘The aim of this study was to understand the cause of Madden–Julian oscillation(MJO)bias in the High Resolution AtmosphericModel(HiRAM)driven by observed SST through process-oriented diagnosis.Wavenumber-frequency power spectrum and composite analyses indicate that HiRAM underestimates the spectral amplitude over theMJO band and mainly produces non-propagating rather than eastward-propagating intraseasonal rainfall anomalies,as observed.Column-integrated moist static energy(MSE)budget analysis is conducted to understand the MJO propagation bias in the simulation.It is found that the bias is due to the lack of a zonally asymmetric distribution of the MSE tendency anomaly in respect to the MJO convective center,which is mainly attributable to the bias in vertical MSE advection and surface turbulent flux.Further analysis suggests that it is the unrealistic simulation of MJO vertical circulation anomalies in the upper troposphere as well as overestimation of the Rossby wave response that results in the bias.
文摘建立了牙鲆弹状病毒的环介导等温扩增(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)检测方法,首先根据牙鲆弹状病毒的糖蛋白的基因保守序列,利用Primer Explorer V3软件设计了6条引物,并对LAMP反应温度和反应时间等条件进行了优化。该方法的检测限为30fgRNA,比常规RT-PCR灵敏度高100倍,与鲤春血症病毒、传染性胰脏坏死病毒、传染性造血器官坏死病毒、海洋双RNA病毒、病毒性出血败血症病毒以及病毒性神经坏死病毒等没有交叉反应。该方法检测时间短,在1h内即可完成检测。用建立的LAMP方法对临床鱼样进行了检测,结果表明40尾石鲽鱼样品中有3尾感染HRV,与病毒分离结果一致,说明LAMP方法比较适合牙鲆弹状病毒的早期及现场诊断。
文摘Few agriculture books achieve the status of ‘classic’. F. H. King’s book Farmers of Forty Centuries or Permanent Agriculture in China, Korea and Japan was privately published in Wisconsin, USA, in 1911. The book had an inauspicious start, and the longevity and acclaim that this book has since achieved must have been, then, barely conceivable. The author was dead, the book was incomplete, and there was no commercial publisher. Yet through a combination of perhaps luck and circumstance the book was ‘resurrected’ in 1927 by a London publisher, Jonathan Cape, who then kept it in print for more than two decades. The London issue of King’s book was favourably cited in the 1930s and 1940s by leading agriculture and organic agriculture writers including: Lord North- bourne, Eve Balfour, Viscount Lymington, Albert and Louise Howard in Britain;Ehrenfried Pfeiffer in Switzerland;Jerome Rodale in the USA;and Stanton Hicks in Australia. These endorsements served to entrench King’s book as a ‘classic’. Jerome Rodale reintroduced the book to a US audience with an edition published by his Organic Gardening Press, c.1949. King’s book arose out of his discontent with the views promulgated by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), he differentiated the Asian agriculture he encountered as ‘permanent agriculture’, he provided a detailed account of the ancien régime organic agriculture of China, Korea and Japan, he called for a “world movement” for agricultural reform, and his book was been taken as a validation of the principles of organic agriculture. At least twenty six impressions of Farmers of Forty Centuries have been published in the past century, ten of these appeared during the first nine decades, while 16 have appeared in the past decade.
