Genetic Diversity Analysis of 44 Shares of Hibiscus cannabinus L. Germplasm Resources Using ISSR Molecular Marker

[Objective] This study was to reveal the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of the kenaf(Hibiscus cannabinus L.) resources from different origins, thus providing basis for genetic improvement and molecular marker-assisted breeding of kenaf. [Method] Ninety one ISSR molecular markers were used for amplification on 44 shares of kenaf germplasm resources, of which 21 showing good diversity and clear bands were chosen for PCR amplification. Based on amplification results, the genetic similarity coefficients among kenaf germplasm resources were calculated by using analytic software NTSYSpc-2.10e, and phylogenetic tree was then established via UPGMA. [Result] Totally 169 bands were amplified using the 21 screened primers, averagely 8.05 bands were amplified from each primer. Of them, 141 bands were polymorphic, accounting for 83.4%. When genetic similarity coefficient 0.887 was used as criterion L1, these 44 shares of kenaf germplasm could be classified to be 32 shares of cultivars and 12 shares of wild type or half-wild type varieties. When genetic similarity coefficient 0.897 was used as criterion L2, these 32 shares of cultivars could be further grouped into four sub-clusters. The genetic diversities between cultivars and wild type or half-wild type varieties were between 0.46-0.91, showing huge hereditary difference; while that among 32 cultivars were between 0.85-0.97, suggesting that genetic relationships among cultivars are relatively close and their genetic similarities are rather narrow. [Conclusion] ISSR could well determine the genetic similarities among kenaf germplasm resources and provide valuable molecular information for selecting parents of hybrid cross, which can lay a good foundation for DNA mapping of kenaf germplasm resources.

Insecticidal Active of Hibiscus trionum L against Wolfberry Aphis

[Objective] The contact toxicity of the extracts from Hibiscus trionum L with different solvents against wolfberry aphis was studied.[Method] The drop method was used for the determination of the insecticidal activities.[Result] 95% ethanol extract displayed the higher contact toxicity on wolfberry aphis and the corrected mortality rate of wolfberry aphids increased with the increasing of the concentration and the prolongation of treating time.The corrected mortality rate in 48 h reached 97.04% under the concentration of 50.00 g/L.The regression equation of virulence was y=1.791 0x＋3.750 2 and LC50 =4.986 7 g/L.The insecticidal activities of five extracts against wolfberry aphids were as follows：chloroformpetroleum etherethyl acetaten-butanol water.The corrected mortality rate of chloroform extract in 48 h was 97.04%.[Conclusion] The study provided a certain reference for further research and its development of H.trionum and its development of new types of botanical pesticide.

Effect of Different Sowing Dates on Disease Initiation and Development of Roselle (<i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i>L.) Leaf Spot Disease Caused by <i>Coniella musaiensis</i>Var. <i>hibisci</i>in Makurdi, Central Nigeria

The experiment was conducted mainly to investigate the effect of change in sowing dates on disease severity of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) leaf spot caused by Coniella musaiensis Var hibisci, plant height, number of branches, number of fruits and calyx yield of Roselle (H. sabdariffa L). Five dates were selected with an interval of fourteen days (14) between the dates for two years (2003 and 2004) to determine the most appropriate time to sow the crop using two Roselle accessions;green (Acc1) and red (Acc3).The first date was determined by the establishment of the rains in the season. It was observed that change in sowing dates had significant (p = 0.05) effect on disease severity but not on plant height, number of branches, number of fruits and calyx yield. Plants sown on July 18/27 had lowest disease indices;and are thus the best and therefore recommended for cropping of Roselle.

Sterilization of <i>Hibiscus rosa-sinensis</i>L. Vegetative Explants Sourced from Plants Grown in Open Environment and Influences of Organic Ingredients on <i>In Vitro</i>Direct Regeneration

This paper reports on the effects of organic ingredients in facilitating direct shoot regeneration from nodal explants of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. This paper also compares the sterilization conditions for 3 types of explants (node, internode, and shoot tip) harvested from an open field. The optimized sterilization conditions for the explants were 40% Clorox- 20 min exposure, 10% Clorox-15 min exposure, and 5% Clorox-40 min exposure for the node, internode and shoot tip, respectively. In the direct shoot regeneration using the nodal explants, we found MS medium containing 40 g/L sucrose, 0.3% (w/v) activated charcoal, and supplementations with myo-inositol, thiamine and nicotinic acid were suitable. The in vitro shoot survival rate was 30% with a mean leaf numbers of 2.68 produced, and a mean leaf length of 1.71 cm achieved after 5 weeks of culture on the modified medium.

Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation System of Roselle(Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a tissue culture and rapid propagation system of roselle(Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)[Methods]A tissue culture and rapid propagation experiment was carried out with roselle plants as materials to study the suitable explants,the best disinfection method,the best growth medium,the best rooting medium and the transplanting and domestication method of roselle.[Results]The lateral buds of roselle were the best explants.Sterilizing with 0.1%mercuric chloride for 7 min showed a contamination rate of 5%and achieved a survival rate of 90%.With MS as the basic medium,adding 1.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.5 mg/L IBA could obtain the best effect of bud induction.The medium with the highest proliferation rate was MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+BA 0.1 mg/L.On the basis of 1/2MS,adding 0.5 mg/L NAA+0.5 mg/L IBA could make adventitious buds root fastest and most,and greatly improve the propagation coefficient.And 1∶1 perlite rock:peat soil was the best transplanting substrate,with which the transplanting survival rate reached 95%.[Conclusions]This study provides technical reference for rapid cultivation and large-scale planting of roselle.

An Efficient in Vitro Plant Regeneration System from Cotyledon of Kenaf(Hibiscus cannabinus L.)

[Objective]This study aims to develop an efficient regeneration system for kenaf(Hibiscus cannabinus L.),which is expected to lay a basis for breeding via genetic modification and improving the fibre yield.[Method]The influence of kenaf variety,hormone for callus induction,and explant type on the regeneration was examined.[Result]The optimal variety and explant for the regeneration were K89 and cotyledon,respectively.The 6-benzylaminopurine(6-BA)was suitable for callus induction and the optimum concentration was 2 mg/L.In addition,with this cytokinin,1.7~4.0 adventitious buds were produced,and 27.7%~38.3% of the adventitious buds could grow to plants.Adventitious roots can be induced with 0.2 mg/L naphthylacetic acid(NAA)and 0.1 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid(IAA).[Conclusion]Cotyledon of K89 had huge potential for the regeneration of kenaf.

Study on Quality Standard of Hibiscus trionum L.

[Objectives]To establish the quality standard for Hibiscus trionum L.[Methods]The moisture,total ash,acid insoluble ash and extract of H.trionum L.were determined by the method of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition.The medicinal materials were qualitatively identified by microscopic identification and TLC,and the content of quercetin was determined by HPLC.[Results]The moisture,total ash,acid insoluble ash and extract contents of the 12 batches of samples were 7.69%-12.94%,10.44%-14.62%,1.89%-3.64%,16.56%-21.81%,microscopic characteristic was obvious,and a method for TLC and content determination of H.trionum L.was established.[Conclusions]A perfect quality standard was established,which can be used for the quality control of H.trionum L.

Effect of Organic and Chemical Fertilization on the Growth and Yield of Roselle Plants Hibiscus sabdariffa L.

This study was carried out during the growing season 2012-2013 at the fields of Agricultural Research Services in Sulaymaniyah Govemorate, to study the effect of chicken manure, sheep manure and chemical fertilizer NPK on growth, sepals, seeds yield and some chemical constituents of Roselle plants grown under Sulaymaniyah conditions. The experiment included several treatments as follows： sheep manure, 75% sheep ＋ 25% chicken, 50% sheep ＋ 50% chicken, 25% sheep ＋ 75% chicken, entire chicken manure, chemical fertilizer NPK and unfertilized control. The obtained results showed that all treatments of organic fertilization and NPK were significantly enhanced the vegetative growth parameters, sepals and concentration of anthocyanin of Roselle plants sepals. The treatment of （25% sheep ＋ 75% chicken） gave the best results： plant height （205.33 cm）, stem diameter （33.45 ram）, number of branches/plant （22.33）, total leaf area （3.29 m2）, root dry weight （56.81 g）, number of fruits/plant （110）, fresh weight of fruits （818.44 g） and dry weight of sepals （52.65 g）. But the highest concentration of anthocyanin was in the treatment of （75% sheep ＋ 25% chicken） （260.33 mg/100 g） and the lowest concentration of oxalic acid was found in the treatment of （50% sheep ＋ 50% chicken） （4.69 mg/100 g）. The results of this study showed that the use of （25% sheep ＋ 75% chicken） could enhance the vegetative growth and produce maximum yield of RoseUe calyx.

Optimization of Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction of Polysaccharide from Hibiscus syriacus L.

The ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Hibiscus syriacus L. at 180 W low power was optimized by the single factor tests and orthogonal test. Extraction temperature,ultrasonic treatment time,extraction times,and material-to-liquid ratio were considered as independent variables. The results suggested that the best extraction condition were determined as the extraction temperature at 80 ℃,the ultrasonic treatment time of 40 min,the material-to-liquid ratio at1∶ 20（ g/ml）,and the extraction times of 3. Under the optimal conditions,the extraction rate of polysaccharides from Hibiscus syriacus was 3. 114%.

Comparative Effect of Foliar Application of Cow Dung, Wood Ash and Benlate on the Disease Initiation and Development of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Coniella musaiensis Var. Hibisci. in Makurdi, Central Nigeria

A study on the comparative effect of cow dung, wood ash and benlate for the control of leaf spot disease of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) was carried out following the preparation and foliar application of the materials on selected Roselle plants of the green and red accessions (Acc1 & Acc3) in the field. The cow dung was fermented for 14 days while sour milk was added to wood ash, dissolved and all filtered and labeled. The spraying commenced soon after the plants were thinned to one and was done weekly until after 50% of the plants had flowered. Results showed significant (p = 0.05) difference between benlate, the synthetic fungicide and the bio-fertilizers (cow dung and wood ash) for the two years of the study. Disease severity was significantly lower in the benlate than in the bio-fertilizers. There was no significant difference in yield between the treatments although higher yield was recorded in benlate. Though the bio-fertilizers could not suppress infection, they aided the growth of the plants by boosting luxuriant growth. The result showed that these bio-fertilizers cannot be used as substitute to the synthetic fungicide for the control of this leaf spot disease caused by Coniella musaiensis var. hibisci. However, since they give equally good yield the bio-fertilizers can still be used to minimize the reliance upon use of chemical fungicides.

NaCl胁迫对芙蓉葵和黄秋葵种子萌发的影响

在实验室控制环境因子条件下,用0(蒸馏水,CK)、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%和1.0%计6个浓度的NaCl溶液处理芙蓉葵和黄秋葵种子后进行萌发试验,研究了不同盐度胁迫下种子发芽率、发芽速度、活力指数和相对干重含水量的变化。结果表明:低浓度盐胁迫对芙蓉葵种子萌发有促进作用,而对黄秋葵有轻度抑制作用;当盐胁迫浓度超过0.8%时,2种植物种子的萌发均受到不良影响,尤其是黄秋葵受到影响较大。2种植物均能在轻度盐渍化生境中生长,可作为耐盐碱园林植物在盐碱地试栽应用,其中芙蓉葵可在河北省大部分盐碱地区进行广泛种植。

Impacts of different drying strategies on drying characteristics,the retention of bio-active ingredient and colour changes of dried Roselle

The drying kinetics of Roselle （Hibiscus sabdariffa L） of variety Terengganu （UMKL-1） and the quality attribution of Roselle were studied. The experiments were conducted using four different drying methods, including solar greenhouse drying （SD）, solar greenhouse with intermittent heat pump drying （SIHP）, hot air drying （HA） and heat pump drying （HP）. Among the four drying methods, HP achieved the highest drying rate at a range from 0.054 g H20-（g DM）-1. rain-1 to 0.212 g H20-（g DM）-1. rain 1 while SD had the lowest drying rate, measured at 0.042 g H2O. （g DM） 1.min- 1. The analysis on colour kinetics revealed that there is no significant colour loss （p 〉 0.05） observed from HP＇s dried Roselle. Greater amount of flavonoid compounds i.e. protocatechuic acid was found in SD and SIHP dried finished product whereas HP＇s dried Roselle contains higher percentage of catechin as compared to other drying methods.

Effect of Roselle calyces extract on the chemical and sensory properties of functional cupcakes

Roselle calyces(RC)are a major crop for export and used to make a common drink in Egypt.Dried RC are commercially available and appreciated to obtain concentrated extracts which might be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries for color and heath benefits.The objective of this research was to determine the chemical and the sensory properties of cupcakes formulated with Roselle calyces extract(RCE).Proximate analysis,anthocyanins,ascorbic acid,titrable acidity,%retaining of anthocyanins,color and sensory evaluations were done.RC cupcakes had high sensory scores(P<0.05)compared to control cupcakes.The parameter a*was significantly red in the RC cupcakes compared to control cupcakes along with 77%retaining of anthocyanins.The consumption of 100 g of the RC cupcakes would provide 465 mg/100 g dry matter anthocyanin that is more than 2 folds of the minimum average of the daily intake of anthocyanins for Americans,along∼1/3 of the daily dietary fiber intake to achieve fiber adequacy according to the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition.RC cupcake can be a functional food and would have a“clean”label with cost effective advantage.

实生苗嫁接对红麻细胞质雄性不育系与保持系的生长发育及越冬抗寒性的影响

为使红麻细胞质雄性不育系和保持系在华南地区安全越冬,实现多年生栽培,将不育系的繁殖固定于较低的回交世代,以抗寒性较强的红麻野生种H040、P3A×H040杂交种为砧木,P3A、P3B的实生苗为接穗,并以本砧嫁接为对照,探讨嫁接对红麻雄性不育系和保持系的生长发育及越冬抗寒性的效应。聚类和隶属函数分析结果显示:抗寒性强弱可划分为5类,红麻野生种H040和杂交组合P3A×H040抗寒性最强,为1级;P3A/P3A×H040和P3A/H040抗寒性较强,2级;P3A CK和P3A/P3B CK抗寒性中等,3级;P3B/P3A×H040和P3B/H040抗寒性较弱,4级;P3B/P3A和P3B CK抗寒性最弱,5级。以抗寒性较强的实生苗为砧木嫁接可提高红麻接穗的抗寒性。

不同浓度Cd、Pb对红麻抗逆生理特性的影响

以红麻(Hibiscus cannabinus L.)细胞质雄性不育系P3A、恢复系992及杂交种F1为材料,采用桶栽试验研究不同浓度镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)胁迫下红麻生理生化特性的变化。结果表明,在Cd、Pb胁迫下3个红麻材料的丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)含量与Cd、Pb处理浓度呈正相关,即随Cd、Pb处理浓度的升高而升高,处理最高浓度时MDA、Pro含量达到最大;过氧化物酶(POD)活性与对照相比总体呈下降趋势;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在Cd、Pb处理下先上升后下降。所有生理指标变化趋势中以P3A变化最明显;F1变化最不明显,表现出明显的杂种优势。

红麻下胚轴原生质体的分离与培养

采用暗培养3日龄的红麻无菌苗下胚轴,在0.45mol.L-1甘露醇的渗透压条件下,以5.0mg.L-1纤维素酶(CelluloseR-10)和5.0mg.L-1果胶酶(Pectinase)酶解12h,原生质体的产率最高,活力较强。以5.0×104个.mL-1的密度,在改良的KM8P培养基中,附加0.5mg.L-12,4-D和0.5mg.L-16-BA,用微滴法培养,对原生质体的分裂和愈伤组织的形成极为有利。

黄秋葵食用胶的制备及应用研究进展

介绍了黄秋葵食用胶的组成、基本特性、制备及其在食品工业中和其他工业中的应用。

栽培密度对中秆和矮秆黄秋葵生长发育及产量的影响

[目的]比较不同密度对中秆和矮秆黄秋葵生长发育及产量的影响。[方法]对中秆和矮秆黄秋葵进行了6个栽培密度研究,分析密度对其生长发育及产量的影响。[结果]不同密度处理对中秆、矮秆黄秋葵的生育进程和花后4 d嫩荚性状影响不大;对株高的影响较大,随着密度的加大,株高增高;对嫩荚产量的影响最大,中秆黄秋葵在密度为37 500株/hm2时产量最高,矮秆黄秋葵在密度为49 500株/hm2时产量最高。[结论]确定了中秆黄秋葵与矮秆黄秋葵的适宜栽培密度分别为37 500、49 500株/hm2。

施氮和耕作方式对红麻福红992农艺性状和产量的影响

以红麻(Hibiscus cannabinus L.)的常规栽培品种福红992为例,探讨不同施氮和耕作方式对红麻生长发育和产量形成的影响,为红麻高产高效栽培提供合理的施肥和耕作依据。通过大田试验,研究了施氮和耕作方式对福红992农艺性状和干物质积累的影响,试验设3种耕作方式,即免耕、垄耕和深松耕(粉垄);3种施氮方式,即T1(20%作基肥,80%作追肥),T2(40%作基肥,60%作追肥)和T3(60%作基肥,40%作追肥)。结果表明,与免耕相比,深松耕的生麻产量、种子产量和地上部干质量分别增加15.1%、14.9%和14.5%,差异显著;与T1相比,T2生麻产量、种子产量和地上部干质量分别增加9.9%、30.3%和15.1%,差异显著;免耕和垄耕时,T2株高、皮厚、茎粗和生麻产量、种子产量、地上部干质量均达到最大值;深松耕时,T1株高、皮厚、茎粗和生麻产量、种子产量、地上部干质量均达到最大值。研究表明,深松耕T1时,生麻产量和种子产量同时达到最高。

正交试验优选黄秋葵总黄酮提取工艺的研究

[目的]研究黄秋葵总黄酮提取的最佳工艺。[方法]以总黄酮得率为考察指标,采用正交试验设计方法,研究乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间、提取温度4个因素对提取工艺的影响。[结果]影响黄秋葵总黄酮提取的因素依次为:乙醇浓度>提取温度>溶媒倍数>提取时间;结合生产实际,筛选出最佳提取工艺为A1B1C2D3,即乙醇浓度55%、料液比1∶20、提取温度90℃、提取时间1.5 h。在此条件下黄秋葵总黄酮得率为1.79%。[结论]该提取工艺简便、易行、稳定、快捷,为进一步研究、开发黄秋葵资源提供技术手段。