Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn.leaves in experimental colitis in rats

Objective:To elucidate the ameliorative effect of liydrualcuholic extract of leaves of Hibiscus rosa sinensis(HRS) in acetic acid induced experimental colitis in male wistar rats.Methods: The animals were administered with 2 mL acetic acid(4%) via intra rectal.The animals were divided into various treatment groups(n=6).Prednisolone was used as standard drug and HRS was administered at a dose of 50,100 and 200 mg/kg p.o.The control group of animals received 1 mL of vehicle(distilled water).Ulcer area,ulcer index,spleen weight,colon weight to length ratio, macroscopic score,haemalological parameters,colonic superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione(GSH),myeloperoxidase(MPO),malondialdchyde(MDA),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNK- α), nitric oxide(NO) and histological changes were recorded after the treatment regimen of 11 days. Results:Intrarectal instillation of acetic acid caused enhanced ulcer area,ulcer index,spleen weight,colon weight to length ratio,colonic MPO,MDA,NO and TNF-α It caused significant decreased level of SOD and GSH.Pretreatment with HRS for 7 days exhibited significant effect in lowering of oxidative stress,colonic NO,TNF- α and elevation of SOD and GSH at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg in acetic acid induced colilis.Conclusions:The present investigation demonstrates HRS is of potent therapeutic value in the amelioration of expcrimenlal colilis in laboralory animals by inhibiting the proinflammatory mediator like NO and TNK-α.

A survey on Hibiscus rosa-sinensis,Alcea rosea L.and Malva neglecta Wallr as antibacterial agents

Objective:To guide for selection of plants with antibacterial activity for further phytochemical works on the isolation and identification of the active compounds.Methods:Ethanolic extracts of 3 species from Malvaceae family were evaluated by agar disc diffusion method for antibacterial activity against some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria(Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Listeria monocytogenes,Staphylococcus epidermidis.Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae.Salmonella typhi,Bacillus cereus.Bacillus anthracis,Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pyogenes).The extracts were obtained from aerial parts of Hibiscus rosa(H. rosa)-sinensis(leaf and flower),Alcea rosea(A.rosea) L.(leaf and flower) and Malva neglecta(M. neglecta) Wallr(flower).Results:These extracts had inhibitory effects at different concentrations (0.05,0.10,0.20 and 0.40 g/mL) against above mentioned bacteria.Escherichia coli was the most resistant strain.The highest inhibitory zone was showed by ethanolic extract of M.neglecta against Staphylococcus epidermidis(22 mm) and followed by ethanolic extract from flower of H.rosa against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus(20 mm).The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration(MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration(MBC) values against Staphylococcus epidermidis were equal(M1C=MBC=5 mg/mL for M.neglecta extract and for H. rosa extract MIC=MBC=20 mg/mL).Conclusions:These findings suggest that these native plants have good antibacterial properties that can be used for infection control and treatment and could also be as new source for antibiotics discovery and infection treatment.

In vitro antibacterial activity of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flower extract against human pathogens

Objective:To access the in vitro antibacterial activity of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis(H.rosa-sinensis) flower extract against human pathogens.Methods:Antibacterial activity was evaluated by using disc and agar diffusion methods.The protein was run through poly acrylmide gel electrophoresis to view their protein profile.Results:The results showed that the cold extraction illustrates a maximum zone of inhibition against Bacillus suhtillis(B.suhtillis),Escherichia coli(E.coli) viz.,(17.00±2.91),(14.50±1.71)mm.followed by hot extraction against.E.coli.Salmonella sp.as(11.66 ±3.14),(10.60±3.09)mm.In methanol extraction showed a highest zone of inhibition recorded against B.suhtillis,E.coli as(18.86±0.18),(18.00±1.63) mm pursued by ethanol extraction shower) utmost zone of inhibition recorded against Salmonella sp.at(20.40±1.54) mm.The crude protein from flower showed a maximum inhibitory zone observed against Salmonella sp.,E.coli viz.,(16.55±1.16),(14.30±2.86)mm.The flower material can be taken as an alternative source of antibacterial agent against the human pathogens.Conclusions:The extracts of the H.rosasinensis art;proved to have potential antibacterial activity,further studies arc highly need for the drug development.

Free radical scavenging activity of three different flowers-Hibiscus rosa-sinensis,Quisqualis indica and Senna surattensis

Objective:To evaluate three flowers of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis(H.rosa-sinensis),Quisqualis indica(Q.indica) and Senna surattensis(S.surattensis) for their antioxidant activity by different methods in addition to total phenolic,flavonoid and pigment contents.Methods:Antioxidant activity of water,ethanol and absolute ethanol extracts of three flowers; H.rosa-sinensis,Q.indica and S.surattensis was evaluated.The antioxidant activity was assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity,ferrous chelating activity,reducing power,nitric oxide scavenging activity,hydroxyl radical scavenging activity as well as total antioxidant capacity.Total flavonoids,total phenols and total pigments including chlorophylls and carotenoids were measured for the three flowers.Results:The results showed that the highest total antioxidant capacity at concentration of 500 mg/L was found in S.surattensis as 0.479 ± 0.001.Scavenging activity of H.rosasinensis,Q.indica and S.surattensis flower extracts against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical showed the highest activity of(90.20 ± 0.29)% with 500 mg/L.Phytochemical screening of the three flowers extracts were carried out for alkaloids,flavonoids,saponins,tannins,steroids,glycosides,terpenoids,amino acid and mucilages.H.rosa-sinensis showed the total phenolic in water extract of(235.77 ± 14.31) mg/100 g,the other two flowers Q.indica and S.surattensis had the total phenolic in ethanol extracts of(937.70 ± 25.06) and(850.30 ± 13.81) mg/100 g,respectively.On the other hand total flavonoids were identified in absolute ethanol extracts in the three flowers[(32.83 ± 1.34),(49.24 ± 4.87) and(2.79 ± 0.23) mg/100 g,respectively].Conclusions:The extracts in the constituents of the three flowers could be used as additives as supplement fractions in foods.

Evaluation of Propagation of Chinese Hibiscus (<i>Hibiscus rosa-sinensis</i>) through Stenting Method in Response to Different IBA Concentrations and Rootstocks

Stenting is a vegetative propagation method, based on cutting and grafting in one action. The question addressed in this study is whether indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentration is able to impress success of Chinese hibiscus propagation when grafted onto two kinds of rootstocks. The used IBA concentrations include: 0, 1000, 3000 and 5000 ppm and two cultivars of Hibiscus syriacus (“Blue Stain” and “Jeanne d’Arc”), which have been used as rootstock. Results indicated that, all the cultivars were superior for most of the measured parameters when IBA treatments were used compared to control plants except for average of the longest root size. The highest healing percentage resulted in stentlings (plant which has been propagated by stenting method) with 5000 ppm of IBA treatment. All IBA treatments significantly increased rooting percentage compared with the control plants. Stentlings that were treated with 3000 and 5000 ppm of IBA, produced the greatest leave number. In Chinese hibiscus/“Jeanne d’Arc” combination, higher root number and dry weight of roots were observed. Interactions of kinds of rootstock and IBA concentration showed that the highest healing percentage was obtained in “Blue Stain” in concentration of 5000 ppm and the highest root number were seen in stentlings with “Jeanne d’Arc” in 3000 ppm and “Jeanne d’Arc” in 5000 ppm.

Sterilization of <i>Hibiscus rosa-sinensis</i>L. Vegetative Explants Sourced from Plants Grown in Open Environment and Influences of Organic Ingredients on <i>In Vitro</i>Direct Regeneration

This paper reports on the effects of organic ingredients in facilitating direct shoot regeneration from nodal explants of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. This paper also compares the sterilization conditions for 3 types of explants (node, internode, and shoot tip) harvested from an open field. The optimized sterilization conditions for the explants were 40% Clorox- 20 min exposure, 10% Clorox-15 min exposure, and 5% Clorox-40 min exposure for the node, internode and shoot tip, respectively. In the direct shoot regeneration using the nodal explants, we found MS medium containing 40 g/L sucrose, 0.3% (w/v) activated charcoal, and supplementations with myo-inositol, thiamine and nicotinic acid were suitable. The in vitro shoot survival rate was 30% with a mean leaf numbers of 2.68 produced, and a mean leaf length of 1.71 cm achieved after 5 weeks of culture on the modified medium.

干旱胁迫条件下朱槿叶绿素荧光特性

以朱槿为试验材料,研究了干旱胁迫及复水对朱槿叶片叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明:朱槿在经受25 d自然干旱胁迫后,除Fv/Fm值显著降低外,Y(Ⅱ)、qP、NPQ、ETR等值均有所上升。复水1 d后,Fv/Fm值有止降回升的趋势,Y(Ⅱ)、qP、NPQ、ETR等参数则恢复到对照水平。利用直角双曲线修正模型拟合的快速光曲线结果表明,中度干旱胁迫提高了朱槿光化学反应的启动能力,在弱光条件下具有最高的光能利用效率。当光强超过190μmol/(m^(2)·s)时,CK和复水1 d的适应能力更强,具有最大适应光强变化的能力和光合活性。研究综合认为,朱槿在干旱胁迫下具有良好的自身调节能力,具有较强的光合系统损伤修复能力,表现出极强的抗干旱胁迫能力,可在较干旱地区栽培应用。

基质和植物生长调节剂对大红花扦插生根的影响

为了筛选出适宜大红花Hibiscus rosa-sinensis扦插的培养条件,研究选择黄心土、轻基质、泥炭土、混合土(黄心土:轻基质:泥炭土=2:4:4)4种基质,ABT、IBA和NAA3种植物生长调节剂,250 mg/L、500 mg/L和750 mg/L3种质量浓度进行试验。结果显示,混合土基质扦插的大红花根系数量、根长、生根率及根系效果指数分别为3.86个、5.82 cm、87.50%和1.84,显著优于黄心土、泥炭土、轻基质(P<0.05);750 mg/L的ABT在根系数量、根长、生根率、根系效果指数4个方面均达到最大值,分别为5.06个、6.54、87.89%和2.68,是最适宜大红花扦插的植物生长调节剂和浓度;试验结果表明,大红花扦插生根率最高的处理为以黄心土为基质,750 mg/L的ABT激素速蘸30 s。研究探明了不同基质类型、不同植物生长调节剂种类及浓度梯度下大红花穗条扦插苗生根率及根系发育差异。

基于靶向代谢组学分析不同花色大红花花青素的差异

【目的】大红花(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.)因花色丰富、观赏价值较高,被广泛应用于华南地区的城市绿化与园林造景中。研究大红花不同花色中花青素种类及含量的特征差异,分析大红花不同品种间代谢物特异性及共同性特征,为深入挖掘品种特性及花色定向育种提供理论和技术支撑。【方法】利用靶向代谢组学技术对白色(W)、红色(R)、黄色(Y)3种花色大红花花瓣组织中的花青素苷组成和含量进行测定,利用通路富集分析及多元统计学方法对代谢物进行功能注释、鉴定与分析。【结果】大红花W、R与Y花色中共检测出90种代谢物,其中差异代谢物共有78种,主要为矢车菊素(41.11%)、飞燕草素(20.00%)、芍药花素(13.33%)等。不同花色大红花间差异代谢物分别为62个(YvsR)、50个(YvsW)和65个(RvsW),其中共有差异代谢物22个。综合考虑各个比较组合差异显著性和绝对含量,发现矢车菊素-3-O-桑布双糖苷、天竺葵素-3-O-槐糖苷、矢车菊素-3-O-龙胆二糖苷和芍药花素-3-O-葡萄糖苷含量在红色花中较高;飞燕草素-3-O-(6''-O-酒石酰)葡萄糖苷、原花青素B4和原花青素B3含量在黄色花中较高。KEGG代谢通路分析发现差异代谢物在不同花色的组织中显著富集。【结论】矢车菊素-3-O-桑布双糖苷、天竺葵素-3-O-槐糖苷、矢车菊素-3-O-龙胆二糖苷和芍药花素-3-O-葡萄糖苷是大红花呈红色的重要代谢物,原花青素B3是花色呈黄色的重要代谢物。该结果初步揭示大红花不同花色的代谢物差异,可为大红花花色形成机制和花色改良提供理论参考。

39份朱槿品种资源表型多样性分析

表型性状是育种的基础,可以在一定程度上反映物种遗传变异情况,探讨朱槿品种表型多样性,为种质资源利用和新品种选育提供参考。本研究以39份朱槿品种资源为研究对象,收集测量其25个表型性状数据,包括9个数量性状及16个质量性状,并进行多样性分析、相关性分析、聚类分析、主成分分析及综合评价。多样性分析结果表明:39份朱槿品种资源存在丰富的变异,9个数量性状的变异系数范围为9.49~31.05,其中花梗长度变异系数最大,叶片长宽比变异系数最小,多样性指数范围为1.7592~2.0299,其中花柱长度多样性指数最高,花梗长度多样性指数最低;16个质量性状的多样性指数范围为0.3898~1.3203,其中花心眼区大小多样性指数最高,花型多样性指数最低。相关性分析结果表明:花径和花瓣长度、最外层花瓣形态和花瓣次色、叶片长度和叶片宽度、花瓣长度和花柱长度、花径和花柱长度、花瓣长度和花瓣宽度、花径和花瓣宽度呈极显著正相关;花瓣宽度和花型、花柱长度和花型、叶片宽度和叶片长宽比、花瓣长度和花型呈极显著负相关。聚类分析结果表明:在欧氏距离为20时,可将39个朱槿品种分为4个类群,第Ⅰ类群包含33份朱槿品种资源,主要特征是花径在11~17 cm之间,可进一步划分成2个亚类;第Ⅱ类群包含2份品种资源,主要特征是重瓣,花径较小,在10~11 cm之间;第Ⅲ类群包含3份品种资源,主要特征是单瓣、花径大,花径在18~20 cm之间;第Ⅳ类群只包含1份品种资源。主成分分析共提取了9个主成分,累计方差贡献率达79.85%,通过主成分计算39份朱槿品种资源的综合评分,综合评分最高的品种是火凤凰,其次为情人节、茉莉亚空中花园、飞将军;综合评分最低的是月夜彩虹和巧克力蛋糕。

基质与植物生长调节剂对4个朱槿品种扦插繁殖的影响

以‘白光’、‘大满红旗’、‘贵妃’和‘黄油球’4个朱槿品种为研究对象,研究扦插基质与植物生长调节剂处理对朱槿扦插生根的影响。结果表明,基质是影响朱槿扦插成活的主要因素,‘白光’、‘大满红旗’和‘贵妃’的最佳扦插基质为椰糠,‘黄油球’的最佳扦插基质为河沙︰椰糠(1︰1);植物生长调节剂是影响朱槿扦插成活的次要因素,IBA 400 mg/L浸泡12 h为最佳植物生长调节剂处理。

侵染朱槿的木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒及其卫星DNA全基因组结构特征

从广州朱槿上分离到病毒分离物G6,全序列测定结果表明,G6DNA-A全长为2737个核苷酸。序列比较显示,G6DNA-A与木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒(CLCuMV)各分离物的同源率均大于89%,其中与CLCuMV-[62]的同源率最高(96.1%),与拉贾斯坦棉花曲叶病毒(CLCuRV)的同源率87.1%～89.8%,而与其他菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒同源率均在87%以下。DNA-A系统进化关系分析显示,G6与CLCuMV各分离物的亲缘关系最近,聚在一起形成一个分支,而与其他几种双生病毒的亲缘关系相对较远。利用DNAβ特异引物β01和β02,从G6中扩增到卫星DNA分子(DNAβ)。序列分析结果表明,G6DNAβ全长1346个核苷酸,推导其互补链上编码一个ORF(C1)。序列比较结果表明,G6DNAβ与CLCuMV DNAβ的同源率最高(92.1%),与CLCuRV DNAβ的同源率为88.7%,而与其他已报道的DNAβ的同源率均在80%以下。DNAβ系统进化关系分析显示,G6DNAβ与CLCuMV DNAβ形成一个独立的分支,再与CLCuRV及MYVV-[Y47]的DNAβ形成一个较大分支。从上述研究结果可以得出,侵染广东朱槿的病毒分离物G6应该是CLCuMV一个分离物。

威胁棉花生产的外来入侵新害虫——扶桑绵粉蚧

2008年8月,在广东省广州市发现一种严重危害扶桑的害虫,经鉴定确认为扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley。2008年12月16日调查发现,在广州市的扶桑上多点发生。扶桑绵粉蚧原产美洲,最近几年入侵印度和巴基斯坦,严重危害棉花,其暴发危害已经造成了重大损失,成为威胁世界棉花安全的重大入侵害虫。文章提供扶桑绵粉蚧的形态特征、寄主、分布、危害等情况,并对其检疫与防控措施等提出建议。

扶桑插条愈伤组织质膜内陷的超微结构研究

对扶桑（Ｈｉｂｉｓｃｕｓｒｏｓａ－ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＬ．）插条愈伤组织细胞中质膜内陷现象的超微结构观察结果表明，不同液胞化状态的细胞中均有质膜内陷存在。在分化细胞中，质膜呈波状起伏或形成某些大小不等的质膜内陷。液胞化细胞中的质膜内陷数量多，体积增大。质膜内陷多呈圆球状，内含多种形状的内含物，由靠近原质体、线粒体和高尔基体的质膜组成。具中央液胞的细胞中，质膜内陷上端嵌入或紧贴液胞，质膜内陷与液泡之间通过液胞膜隔开。

南宁市朱槿曲叶病毒病病原分子鉴定和寄主范围研究

[目的]明确南宁市朱槿曲叶病毒病的病原及其寄主范围,初步了解各朱槿品种的抗病性。[方法]对采自南宁市区的朱槿病株分离物进行分子鉴定及寄主范围测定;进行朱槿曲叶病毒病发生情况调查,根据发病率高低和症状轻重对南宁市常见的朱槿品种抗病性进行初步评价。[结果]基因克隆与序列比较结果表明,该病的病原为木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒(Cotton leaf curl Multan virus,CLCuMV),其DNA-A全长含2 737个核苷酸,伴随有卫星DNAβ分子,分子大小为1 346个核苷酸;研究发现该病毒可以通过B型烟粉虱传播,烟粉虱接种和PCR检测试验结果表明,该病毒可侵染朱槿、红麻、棉花、西菲葵、黄蜀葵等5种供试的锦葵科植物,表现典型曲叶症状;初步调查评价结果,‘朱砂红朱槿’、‘泰国黄朱槿’、‘重粉朱槿’、‘锦球朱槿’和‘马旦朱槿’属于高度感病品种;‘阿美丽坚朱槿’、‘乳斑朱槿’属于感病品种;‘大红朱槿’、‘大红花’和‘粉喇叭’属于中抗品种;‘红龙朱槿’、‘红喇叭’、‘青杆吊钟’和‘七彩朱槿’属于高抗品种。[结论]上述结果可为有效控制朱槿曲叶病毒病提供依据。

侵染扶桑的烟草花叶病毒分离物鉴定

从表现叶斑驳症状的扶桑病株上获得一病毒分离物,电镜下可见约300 nm×18 nm的杆状粒子,其与烟草花叶病毒抗血清呈明显的阳性反应,dsRNA约为6.4 kbp。根据烟草花叶病毒(tobacco.mosaic virus,TMV)的RNA序列设计引物,进行RT-PCR检测,扩增出约800 bp的预期特异片段。将PCR产物连接pMD18-T载体,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,得到了含有目的片段的重组子。序列分析表明,与周雪平等报道的序列(GenBank AJ011933.1)同源性达99％。通过生物学、病毒粒子观察、血清学以及分子生物学实验结果,确定该病毒分离物为TMV。

福州市发生由木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒引起的朱槿曲叶病

棉花曲叶病是世界棉花生产上最具毁灭性的病毒病害,其主要病原木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒(Cotton leaf curlMultan virus,CLCuMV)已经入侵我国广东、广西、海南等省多个地理区域,扩散危害范围日益加大。2011-2012年调查发现福建省厦门、福州和宁德等多个城市绿化植物朱槿(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)发生朱槿曲叶病的流行。应用双生病毒通用引物以及烟粉虱生物型鉴定的通用引物,通过PCR扩增、序列分析等方法,分别检测或鉴定了福州市朱槿曲叶病的病原、介体烟粉虱的生物型以及朱槿病株上烟粉虱的带毒率。结果显示:福州市朱槿曲叶病的病原是木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒,与CLCuMV广东分离物和广西分离物的相似性高达99.6%以上;介体烟粉虱生物型为B型,病株上烟粉虱的带毒率为100%。试验结果说明CLCuMV已经扩散至福建省,应警惕和控制木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒的进一步扩散和危害。

扶桑花色素的光谱特性及理化性质研究

为有效地开发扶桑花色素,对扶桑花色素的光谱性质与理化性质进行了研究.结果表明:通过不同pH下色素溶液的颜色比较及紫外-可见吸收光谱谱图和红外光谱谱图分析可初步推断扶桑花色素的主要成分为花色苷;扶桑花色素为水溶性色素;pH值的改变对扶桑花色素稳定性的影响很大;扶桑花色素对直射光比较敏感,对热稳定性较好;色素颜色基本不受常用食品添加剂的影响;Vc对色素具有增色作用,强氧化剂H2O2的存在加速其降解;不同金属离子对扶桑花色素稳定性的影响不一样,Ca2+、A l3+等金属离子对其稳定性没有明显的影响,Zn2+使色素的吸光度明显增大,溶液颜色加深,Fe3+、Cu2+等金属离子对色素有降解作用,使溶液颜色变浅.

GL生根剂对扶桑插条生根及碳水化合物分配的影响

用ＧＬ生根剂（ＩＢＡ１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ＋粉锈宁１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＰＰ３３３２ｍｇ／Ｌ）５０ｍｇ／Ｌ浸泡扶桑插条基部２４小时，提高了插条的生根率、生根数、根干重，并扩大了生根范围。插条叶光合速率高于对照８２．８％，分配到叶的１４Ｃ－光合产物比对照少，而分配到茎和不定根的光合产物高于对照。插条叶和不定根中的可溶性糖、淀粉和纤维素含量低于对照，并随处理后天数的延长逐渐减少，木质素含量增加；茎和插条基部的可溶性糖含量高于对照。

扶桑花色素的提取工艺及性质

为开发、利用扶桑花天然色素资源,研究在超声波作用下扶桑花色素的最佳提取工艺.结果表明,扶桑花样品与提取溶剂的质量、体积比(下称料液比)对提取效率的影响极显著;提取时间和提取温度对提取效率有影响,但不显著;当提取溶剂为0.1%HCl-95%乙醇(体积比70∶30),料液比为1∶150,提取时间30min,提取温度60℃时,提取效果最好,提取率为24.28%;通过不同pH下色素溶液的紫外-可见吸收光谱谱图及颜色比较可初步推断扶桑花色素的主要成分为花色苷;扶桑花色素为水溶性色素,易溶于极性溶剂,难溶于非极性溶剂.