Study on Quality Standard of Hibiscus trionum L.

[Objectives]To establish the quality standard for Hibiscus trionum L.[Methods]The moisture,total ash,acid insoluble ash and extract of H.trionum L.were determined by the method of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition.The medicinal materials were qualitatively identified by microscopic identification and TLC,and the content of quercetin was determined by HPLC.[Results]The moisture,total ash,acid insoluble ash and extract contents of the 12 batches of samples were 7.69%-12.94%,10.44%-14.62%,1.89%-3.64%,16.56%-21.81%,microscopic characteristic was obvious,and a method for TLC and content determination of H.trionum L.was established.[Conclusions]A perfect quality standard was established,which can be used for the quality control of H.trionum L.

Genetic Diversity Analysis of 44 Shares of Hibiscus cannabinus L. Germplasm Resources Using ISSR Molecular Marker

[Objective] This study was to reveal the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of the kenaf(Hibiscus cannabinus L.) resources from different origins, thus providing basis for genetic improvement and molecular marker-assisted breeding of kenaf. [Method] Ninety one ISSR molecular markers were used for amplification on 44 shares of kenaf germplasm resources, of which 21 showing good diversity and clear bands were chosen for PCR amplification. Based on amplification results, the genetic similarity coefficients among kenaf germplasm resources were calculated by using analytic software NTSYSpc-2.10e, and phylogenetic tree was then established via UPGMA. [Result] Totally 169 bands were amplified using the 21 screened primers, averagely 8.05 bands were amplified from each primer. Of them, 141 bands were polymorphic, accounting for 83.4%. When genetic similarity coefficient 0.887 was used as criterion L1, these 44 shares of kenaf germplasm could be classified to be 32 shares of cultivars and 12 shares of wild type or half-wild type varieties. When genetic similarity coefficient 0.897 was used as criterion L2, these 32 shares of cultivars could be further grouped into four sub-clusters. The genetic diversities between cultivars and wild type or half-wild type varieties were between 0.46-0.91, showing huge hereditary difference; while that among 32 cultivars were between 0.85-0.97, suggesting that genetic relationships among cultivars are relatively close and their genetic similarities are rather narrow. [Conclusion] ISSR could well determine the genetic similarities among kenaf germplasm resources and provide valuable molecular information for selecting parents of hybrid cross, which can lay a good foundation for DNA mapping of kenaf germplasm resources.

Insecticidal Active of Hibiscus trionum L against Wolfberry Aphis

[Objective] The contact toxicity of the extracts from Hibiscus trionum L with different solvents against wolfberry aphis was studied.[Method] The drop method was used for the determination of the insecticidal activities.[Result] 95% ethanol extract displayed the higher contact toxicity on wolfberry aphis and the corrected mortality rate of wolfberry aphids increased with the increasing of the concentration and the prolongation of treating time.The corrected mortality rate in 48 h reached 97.04% under the concentration of 50.00 g/L.The regression equation of virulence was y=1.791 0x＋3.750 2 and LC50 =4.986 7 g/L.The insecticidal activities of five extracts against wolfberry aphids were as follows：chloroformpetroleum etherethyl acetaten-butanol water.The corrected mortality rate of chloroform extract in 48 h was 97.04%.[Conclusion] The study provided a certain reference for further research and its development of H.trionum and its development of new types of botanical pesticide.

Effect of Different Sowing Dates on Disease Initiation and Development of Roselle (<i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i>L.) Leaf Spot Disease Caused by <i>Coniella musaiensis</i>Var. <i>hibisci</i>in Makurdi, Central Nigeria

The experiment was conducted mainly to investigate the effect of change in sowing dates on disease severity of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) leaf spot caused by Coniella musaiensis Var hibisci, plant height, number of branches, number of fruits and calyx yield of Roselle (H. sabdariffa L). Five dates were selected with an interval of fourteen days (14) between the dates for two years (2003 and 2004) to determine the most appropriate time to sow the crop using two Roselle accessions;green (Acc1) and red (Acc3).The first date was determined by the establishment of the rains in the season. It was observed that change in sowing dates had significant (p = 0.05) effect on disease severity but not on plant height, number of branches, number of fruits and calyx yield. Plants sown on July 18/27 had lowest disease indices;and are thus the best and therefore recommended for cropping of Roselle.

Sterilization of <i>Hibiscus rosa-sinensis</i>L. Vegetative Explants Sourced from Plants Grown in Open Environment and Influences of Organic Ingredients on <i>In Vitro</i>Direct Regeneration

This paper reports on the effects of organic ingredients in facilitating direct shoot regeneration from nodal explants of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. This paper also compares the sterilization conditions for 3 types of explants (node, internode, and shoot tip) harvested from an open field. The optimized sterilization conditions for the explants were 40% Clorox- 20 min exposure, 10% Clorox-15 min exposure, and 5% Clorox-40 min exposure for the node, internode and shoot tip, respectively. In the direct shoot regeneration using the nodal explants, we found MS medium containing 40 g/L sucrose, 0.3% (w/v) activated charcoal, and supplementations with myo-inositol, thiamine and nicotinic acid were suitable. The in vitro shoot survival rate was 30% with a mean leaf numbers of 2.68 produced, and a mean leaf length of 1.71 cm achieved after 5 weeks of culture on the modified medium.

Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation System of Roselle(Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a tissue culture and rapid propagation system of roselle(Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)[Methods]A tissue culture and rapid propagation experiment was carried out with roselle plants as materials to study the suitable explants,the best disinfection method,the best growth medium,the best rooting medium and the transplanting and domestication method of roselle.[Results]The lateral buds of roselle were the best explants.Sterilizing with 0.1%mercuric chloride for 7 min showed a contamination rate of 5%and achieved a survival rate of 90%.With MS as the basic medium,adding 1.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.5 mg/L IBA could obtain the best effect of bud induction.The medium with the highest proliferation rate was MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+BA 0.1 mg/L.On the basis of 1/2MS,adding 0.5 mg/L NAA+0.5 mg/L IBA could make adventitious buds root fastest and most,and greatly improve the propagation coefficient.And 1∶1 perlite rock:peat soil was the best transplanting substrate,with which the transplanting survival rate reached 95%.[Conclusions]This study provides technical reference for rapid cultivation and large-scale planting of roselle.

An Efficient in Vitro Plant Regeneration System from Cotyledon of Kenaf(Hibiscus cannabinus L.)

[Objective]This study aims to develop an efficient regeneration system for kenaf(Hibiscus cannabinus L.),which is expected to lay a basis for breeding via genetic modification and improving the fibre yield.[Method]The influence of kenaf variety,hormone for callus induction,and explant type on the regeneration was examined.[Result]The optimal variety and explant for the regeneration were K89 and cotyledon,respectively.The 6-benzylaminopurine(6-BA)was suitable for callus induction and the optimum concentration was 2 mg/L.In addition,with this cytokinin,1.7~4.0 adventitious buds were produced,and 27.7%~38.3% of the adventitious buds could grow to plants.Adventitious roots can be induced with 0.2 mg/L naphthylacetic acid(NAA)and 0.1 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid(IAA).[Conclusion]Cotyledon of K89 had huge potential for the regeneration of kenaf.

Effect of Organic and Chemical Fertilization on the Growth and Yield of Roselle Plants Hibiscus sabdariffa L.

This study was carried out during the growing season 2012-2013 at the fields of Agricultural Research Services in Sulaymaniyah Govemorate, to study the effect of chicken manure, sheep manure and chemical fertilizer NPK on growth, sepals, seeds yield and some chemical constituents of Roselle plants grown under Sulaymaniyah conditions. The experiment included several treatments as follows： sheep manure, 75% sheep ＋ 25% chicken, 50% sheep ＋ 50% chicken, 25% sheep ＋ 75% chicken, entire chicken manure, chemical fertilizer NPK and unfertilized control. The obtained results showed that all treatments of organic fertilization and NPK were significantly enhanced the vegetative growth parameters, sepals and concentration of anthocyanin of Roselle plants sepals. The treatment of （25% sheep ＋ 75% chicken） gave the best results： plant height （205.33 cm）, stem diameter （33.45 ram）, number of branches/plant （22.33）, total leaf area （3.29 m2）, root dry weight （56.81 g）, number of fruits/plant （110）, fresh weight of fruits （818.44 g） and dry weight of sepals （52.65 g）. But the highest concentration of anthocyanin was in the treatment of （75% sheep ＋ 25% chicken） （260.33 mg/100 g） and the lowest concentration of oxalic acid was found in the treatment of （50% sheep ＋ 50% chicken） （4.69 mg/100 g）. The results of this study showed that the use of （25% sheep ＋ 75% chicken） could enhance the vegetative growth and produce maximum yield of RoseUe calyx.

Optimization of Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction of Polysaccharide from Hibiscus syriacus L.

The ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Hibiscus syriacus L. at 180 W low power was optimized by the single factor tests and orthogonal test. Extraction temperature,ultrasonic treatment time,extraction times,and material-to-liquid ratio were considered as independent variables. The results suggested that the best extraction condition were determined as the extraction temperature at 80 ℃,the ultrasonic treatment time of 40 min,the material-to-liquid ratio at1∶ 20（ g/ml）,and the extraction times of 3. Under the optimal conditions,the extraction rate of polysaccharides from Hibiscus syriacus was 3. 114%.

Comparative Effect of Foliar Application of Cow Dung, Wood Ash and Benlate on the Disease Initiation and Development of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Coniella musaiensis Var. Hibisci. in Makurdi, Central Nigeria

A study on the comparative effect of cow dung, wood ash and benlate for the control of leaf spot disease of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) was carried out following the preparation and foliar application of the materials on selected Roselle plants of the green and red accessions (Acc1 & Acc3) in the field. The cow dung was fermented for 14 days while sour milk was added to wood ash, dissolved and all filtered and labeled. The spraying commenced soon after the plants were thinned to one and was done weekly until after 50% of the plants had flowered. Results showed significant (p = 0.05) difference between benlate, the synthetic fungicide and the bio-fertilizers (cow dung and wood ash) for the two years of the study. Disease severity was significantly lower in the benlate than in the bio-fertilizers. There was no significant difference in yield between the treatments although higher yield was recorded in benlate. Though the bio-fertilizers could not suppress infection, they aided the growth of the plants by boosting luxuriant growth. The result showed that these bio-fertilizers cannot be used as substitute to the synthetic fungicide for the control of this leaf spot disease caused by Coniella musaiensis var. hibisci. However, since they give equally good yield the bio-fertilizers can still be used to minimize the reliance upon use of chemical fungicides.

Impacts of different drying strategies on drying characteristics,the retention of bio-active ingredient and colour changes of dried Roselle

The drying kinetics of Roselle （Hibiscus sabdariffa L） of variety Terengganu （UMKL-1） and the quality attribution of Roselle were studied. The experiments were conducted using four different drying methods, including solar greenhouse drying （SD）, solar greenhouse with intermittent heat pump drying （SIHP）, hot air drying （HA） and heat pump drying （HP）. Among the four drying methods, HP achieved the highest drying rate at a range from 0.054 g H20-（g DM）-1. rain-1 to 0.212 g H20-（g DM）-1. rain 1 while SD had the lowest drying rate, measured at 0.042 g H2O. （g DM） 1.min- 1. The analysis on colour kinetics revealed that there is no significant colour loss （p 〉 0.05） observed from HP＇s dried Roselle. Greater amount of flavonoid compounds i.e. protocatechuic acid was found in SD and SIHP dried finished product whereas HP＇s dried Roselle contains higher percentage of catechin as compared to other drying methods.

Effect of Roselle calyces extract on the chemical and sensory properties of functional cupcakes

Roselle calyces(RC)are a major crop for export and used to make a common drink in Egypt.Dried RC are commercially available and appreciated to obtain concentrated extracts which might be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries for color and heath benefits.The objective of this research was to determine the chemical and the sensory properties of cupcakes formulated with Roselle calyces extract(RCE).Proximate analysis,anthocyanins,ascorbic acid,titrable acidity,%retaining of anthocyanins,color and sensory evaluations were done.RC cupcakes had high sensory scores(P<0.05)compared to control cupcakes.The parameter a*was significantly red in the RC cupcakes compared to control cupcakes along with 77%retaining of anthocyanins.The consumption of 100 g of the RC cupcakes would provide 465 mg/100 g dry matter anthocyanin that is more than 2 folds of the minimum average of the daily intake of anthocyanins for Americans,along∼1/3 of the daily dietary fiber intake to achieve fiber adequacy according to the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition.RC cupcake can be a functional food and would have a“clean”label with cost effective advantage.

实生苗嫁接对红麻细胞质雄性不育系与保持系的生长发育及越冬抗寒性的影响

为使红麻细胞质雄性不育系和保持系在华南地区安全越冬,实现多年生栽培,将不育系的繁殖固定于较低的回交世代,以抗寒性较强的红麻野生种H040、P3A×H040杂交种为砧木,P3A、P3B的实生苗为接穗,并以本砧嫁接为对照,探讨嫁接对红麻雄性不育系和保持系的生长发育及越冬抗寒性的效应。聚类和隶属函数分析结果显示:抗寒性强弱可划分为5类,红麻野生种H040和杂交组合P3A×H040抗寒性最强,为1级;P3A/P3A×H040和P3A/H040抗寒性较强,2级;P3A CK和P3A/P3B CK抗寒性中等,3级;P3B/P3A×H040和P3B/H040抗寒性较弱,4级;P3B/P3A和P3B CK抗寒性最弱,5级。以抗寒性较强的实生苗为砧木嫁接可提高红麻接穗的抗寒性。

不同浓度Cd、Pb对红麻抗逆生理特性的影响

以红麻(Hibiscus cannabinus L.)细胞质雄性不育系P3A、恢复系992及杂交种F1为材料,采用桶栽试验研究不同浓度镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)胁迫下红麻生理生化特性的变化。结果表明,在Cd、Pb胁迫下3个红麻材料的丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)含量与Cd、Pb处理浓度呈正相关,即随Cd、Pb处理浓度的升高而升高,处理最高浓度时MDA、Pro含量达到最大;过氧化物酶(POD)活性与对照相比总体呈下降趋势;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在Cd、Pb处理下先上升后下降。所有生理指标变化趋势中以P3A变化最明显;F1变化最不明显,表现出明显的杂种优势。

红麻下胚轴原生质体的分离与培养

采用暗培养3日龄的红麻无菌苗下胚轴,在0.45mol.L-1甘露醇的渗透压条件下,以5.0mg.L-1纤维素酶(CelluloseR-10)和5.0mg.L-1果胶酶(Pectinase)酶解12h,原生质体的产率最高,活力较强。以5.0×104个.mL-1的密度,在改良的KM8P培养基中,附加0.5mg.L-12,4-D和0.5mg.L-16-BA,用微滴法培养,对原生质体的分裂和愈伤组织的形成极为有利。

施氮和耕作方式对红麻福红992农艺性状和产量的影响

以红麻(Hibiscus cannabinus L.)的常规栽培品种福红992为例,探讨不同施氮和耕作方式对红麻生长发育和产量形成的影响,为红麻高产高效栽培提供合理的施肥和耕作依据。通过大田试验,研究了施氮和耕作方式对福红992农艺性状和干物质积累的影响,试验设3种耕作方式,即免耕、垄耕和深松耕(粉垄);3种施氮方式,即T1(20%作基肥,80%作追肥),T2(40%作基肥,60%作追肥)和T3(60%作基肥,40%作追肥)。结果表明,与免耕相比,深松耕的生麻产量、种子产量和地上部干质量分别增加15.1%、14.9%和14.5%,差异显著;与T1相比,T2生麻产量、种子产量和地上部干质量分别增加9.9%、30.3%和15.1%,差异显著;免耕和垄耕时,T2株高、皮厚、茎粗和生麻产量、种子产量、地上部干质量均达到最大值;深松耕时,T1株高、皮厚、茎粗和生麻产量、种子产量、地上部干质量均达到最大值。研究表明,深松耕T1时,生麻产量和种子产量同时达到最高。

耕作和施氮方式对晚播红麻红优2号产量和纤维品质的影响

通过大田试验,研究耕作和施氮方式对红优2号产量和纤维品质的影响,试验设3种耕作方式,即免耕(A)、垄耕(B)和深松耕(粉垄)(C);3种施氮方式,即T1(20%作基肥,80%作为追肥)、T2(40%作基肥,60%作为追肥)和T3(60%作基肥,40%作为追肥)。共9个处理组合。结果表明,1免耕和垄耕时,AT1和BT3处理纤维产量、种子产量、纤维强力、回潮率均达到最大值;2深松耕时,CT3处理纤维产量、纤维强力、回潮率均达到最大值,线密度达到最小值,CT2处理种子产量达到最大值;3与免耕相比,深松耕的纤维产量、种子产量、纤维强力分别增加21.0%、19.1%和12.7%,线密度下降14.0%。当追求纤维产量和品质时,采用CT3组合,此时纤维产量、纤维强力和回潮率均达到最大值,线密度达到最小值;追求种子产量时,宜采用CT2组合。

扶桑花红色素的提取及性质研究

This article studies the extraction and the solvent and dominant characteristics of the Red Pigment in Hibisc. Also discussed is the influence of metal ion, light, heat, oxidizer and reducer on the Red Pigment in Hibisc.

水杨酸引发对红麻幼苗耐盐性的影响

【目的】研究水杨酸(SA)引发对盐胁迫下红麻生长及生理响应,并揭示SA引发对红麻中逆境相关基因的诱导模式,为红麻耐盐性研究提供理论依据。【方法】以2个不同耐盐性红麻品种(盐抗性材料为CP018,盐感性材料为CP047)为研究对象,将种子引发处理后进行水培试验,分析SA引发对红麻种子萌发及150 mmol·L^(-1) NaCl胁迫下幼苗农艺性状及生理方面的影响,并通过qRT-PCR技术分析SA引发逆境相关基因的表达模式。【结果】盐抗性品种CP018经过0.2 mmol·L^(-1) SA引发后,能显著提升种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数,分别提高34.78%、31.30%和58.07%;盐感性材料CP047也有一定的提高,分别提高7.50%、10.56%和6.23%,但是未达到显著水平。在盐胁迫条件下,经SA引发(S1)与未引发(N1)相比,株高抑制率在盐抗性和盐感性品种中分别显著降低4.07%(CP018)和3.91%(CP047),干重抑制率在2个品种中分别显著降低15.50%(CP018)和15.68%(CP047);鲜重抑制率在盐感性品种CP047中显著降低4.46%,但在盐抗性品种CP018中未达到显著水平。根系扫描分析表明,根长抑制率在盐抗性和盐感性材料中分别显著下降10.74%(CP018)和10.77%(CP047);根表面积抑制率在盐抗性和盐感性品种中分别下降5.09%(CP018)和2.95%(CP047),仅在盐抗性品种CP018中达到显著水平;而根系活力抑制率在盐感性品种CP047中降低46.21%,在盐抗性品种CP018中降低6.56%,仅在盐感性品种CP047中达到显著水平。灰色关联度分析发现根系活力是对影响植株干重最重要的因素。SA引发能降低盐胁迫下红麻叶片的MDA含量,提高POD和SOD酶活性。对12个逆境相关基因的表达量分析结果表明,ACCD、APX2、SOS1、ARR2、PAL、ERF.C3、CHIT和TIFY11表达水平在SA引发处理下均显著上调,而ERF9、ERS1、MYC2和XTH22在2个材料中的表达模式存在差异,其中,XTH22在CP047中显著上调,在盐抗性品种CP018中无显著变化,ERS1和MYC2在盐抗性品种CP018中显著上调,在盐感性品种CP047中却显著下降,而ERF9在2个品种中的趋势则与此相反。【结论】适宜浓度的SA引发可以显著缓解红麻在盐胁迫下的生长,且对不同红麻种质资源的影响程度和方式存在差异,SA可能通过影响生理过程如抗氧化酶系统,并通过诱导特异基因的表达调节红麻植株对非生物胁迫的响应。

红麻抗根结线虫相关基因HcNPR1的克隆及表达特征分析

为了挖掘红麻抗根结线虫的相关基因,探索红麻与根结线虫互作的分子机理,在本实验室前期已通过转录组测序获得红麻抗根结线虫相关基因NPR1的基础上,本研究采用PCR和RACE技术从红麻中克隆获得NPR1基因全长序列,命名为HcNPR1.HcNPR1基因的cDNA全长为2058 bp,其基因开放阅读框(ORF)1776bp(Chr:164-1939),HcNPR1蛋白质共编码含591个氨基酸,其等电点(pI)为6.02,分子量为65.321 ku。红麻HcNPR1基因具有其它植物NPR1基因所共有的4个保守结构域。Real-time RT-PCR结果表明,1 mmol/L茉莉酸(JA)、1 mmol/L水杨酸(SA)和2 mmol/L乙烯(ET)胁迫后HcNPR1基因的表达量在红麻中均发生明显变化,且JA和ET诱导HcNPR1基因的表达效果明显强于SA,JA和ET处理红麻均在6 h时HcNPR1基因的表达量达到最大,而SA对HcNPR1基因的诱导响应最强烈的时间在12 h时。3种激素诱导趋势均呈现出先快速增加后减弱,因此推测HcNPR1基因在红麻对根结线虫的抗性反应中起着一定作用。本研究结果可为今后抗根结线虫红麻品种遗传改良和红麻根结线虫病防控提供理论依据。