A survey on Hibiscus rosa-sinensis,Alcea rosea L.and Malva neglecta Wallr as antibacterial agents

Objective:To guide for selection of plants with antibacterial activity for further phytochemical works on the isolation and identification of the active compounds.Methods:Ethanolic extracts of 3 species from Malvaceae family were evaluated by agar disc diffusion method for antibacterial activity against some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria(Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Listeria monocytogenes,Staphylococcus epidermidis.Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae.Salmonella typhi,Bacillus cereus.Bacillus anthracis,Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pyogenes).The extracts were obtained from aerial parts of Hibiscus rosa(H. rosa)-sinensis(leaf and flower),Alcea rosea(A.rosea) L.(leaf and flower) and Malva neglecta(M. neglecta) Wallr(flower).Results:These extracts had inhibitory effects at different concentrations (0.05,0.10,0.20 and 0.40 g/mL) against above mentioned bacteria.Escherichia coli was the most resistant strain.The highest inhibitory zone was showed by ethanolic extract of M.neglecta against Staphylococcus epidermidis(22 mm) and followed by ethanolic extract from flower of H.rosa against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus(20 mm).The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration(MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration(MBC) values against Staphylococcus epidermidis were equal(M1C=MBC=5 mg/mL for M.neglecta extract and for H. rosa extract MIC=MBC=20 mg/mL).Conclusions:These findings suggest that these native plants have good antibacterial properties that can be used for infection control and treatment and could also be as new source for antibiotics discovery and infection treatment.

In vitro antibacterial activity of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flower extract against human pathogens

Objective:To access the in vitro antibacterial activity of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis(H.rosa-sinensis) flower extract against human pathogens.Methods:Antibacterial activity was evaluated by using disc and agar diffusion methods.The protein was run through poly acrylmide gel electrophoresis to view their protein profile.Results:The results showed that the cold extraction illustrates a maximum zone of inhibition against Bacillus suhtillis(B.suhtillis),Escherichia coli(E.coli) viz.,(17.00±2.91),(14.50±1.71)mm.followed by hot extraction against.E.coli.Salmonella sp.as(11.66 ±3.14),(10.60±3.09)mm.In methanol extraction showed a highest zone of inhibition recorded against B.suhtillis,E.coli as(18.86±0.18),(18.00±1.63) mm pursued by ethanol extraction shower) utmost zone of inhibition recorded against Salmonella sp.at(20.40±1.54) mm.The crude protein from flower showed a maximum inhibitory zone observed against Salmonella sp.,E.coli viz.,(16.55±1.16),(14.30±2.86)mm.The flower material can be taken as an alternative source of antibacterial agent against the human pathogens.Conclusions:The extracts of the H.rosasinensis art;proved to have potential antibacterial activity,further studies arc highly need for the drug development.

Free radical scavenging activity of three different flowers-Hibiscus rosa-sinensis,Quisqualis indica and Senna surattensis

Objective:To evaluate three flowers of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis(H.rosa-sinensis),Quisqualis indica(Q.indica) and Senna surattensis(S.surattensis) for their antioxidant activity by different methods in addition to total phenolic,flavonoid and pigment contents.Methods:Antioxidant activity of water,ethanol and absolute ethanol extracts of three flowers; H.rosa-sinensis,Q.indica and S.surattensis was evaluated.The antioxidant activity was assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity,ferrous chelating activity,reducing power,nitric oxide scavenging activity,hydroxyl radical scavenging activity as well as total antioxidant capacity.Total flavonoids,total phenols and total pigments including chlorophylls and carotenoids were measured for the three flowers.Results:The results showed that the highest total antioxidant capacity at concentration of 500 mg/L was found in S.surattensis as 0.479 ± 0.001.Scavenging activity of H.rosasinensis,Q.indica and S.surattensis flower extracts against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical showed the highest activity of(90.20 ± 0.29)% with 500 mg/L.Phytochemical screening of the three flowers extracts were carried out for alkaloids,flavonoids,saponins,tannins,steroids,glycosides,terpenoids,amino acid and mucilages.H.rosa-sinensis showed the total phenolic in water extract of(235.77 ± 14.31) mg/100 g,the other two flowers Q.indica and S.surattensis had the total phenolic in ethanol extracts of(937.70 ± 25.06) and(850.30 ± 13.81) mg/100 g,respectively.On the other hand total flavonoids were identified in absolute ethanol extracts in the three flowers[(32.83 ± 1.34),(49.24 ± 4.87) and(2.79 ± 0.23) mg/100 g,respectively].Conclusions:The extracts in the constituents of the three flowers could be used as additives as supplement fractions in foods.

Evaluation of Propagation of Chinese Hibiscus (<i>Hibiscus rosa-sinensis</i>) through Stenting Method in Response to Different IBA Concentrations and Rootstocks

Stenting is a vegetative propagation method, based on cutting and grafting in one action. The question addressed in this study is whether indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentration is able to impress success of Chinese hibiscus propagation when grafted onto two kinds of rootstocks. The used IBA concentrations include: 0, 1000, 3000 and 5000 ppm and two cultivars of Hibiscus syriacus (“Blue Stain” and “Jeanne d’Arc”), which have been used as rootstock. Results indicated that, all the cultivars were superior for most of the measured parameters when IBA treatments were used compared to control plants except for average of the longest root size. The highest healing percentage resulted in stentlings (plant which has been propagated by stenting method) with 5000 ppm of IBA treatment. All IBA treatments significantly increased rooting percentage compared with the control plants. Stentlings that were treated with 3000 and 5000 ppm of IBA, produced the greatest leave number. In Chinese hibiscus/“Jeanne d’Arc” combination, higher root number and dry weight of roots were observed. Interactions of kinds of rootstock and IBA concentration showed that the highest healing percentage was obtained in “Blue Stain” in concentration of 5000 ppm and the highest root number were seen in stentlings with “Jeanne d’Arc” in 3000 ppm and “Jeanne d’Arc” in 5000 ppm.

Sterilization of <i>Hibiscus rosa-sinensis</i>L. Vegetative Explants Sourced from Plants Grown in Open Environment and Influences of Organic Ingredients on <i>In Vitro</i>Direct Regeneration

This paper reports on the effects of organic ingredients in facilitating direct shoot regeneration from nodal explants of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. This paper also compares the sterilization conditions for 3 types of explants (node, internode, and shoot tip) harvested from an open field. The optimized sterilization conditions for the explants were 40% Clorox- 20 min exposure, 10% Clorox-15 min exposure, and 5% Clorox-40 min exposure for the node, internode and shoot tip, respectively. In the direct shoot regeneration using the nodal explants, we found MS medium containing 40 g/L sucrose, 0.3% (w/v) activated charcoal, and supplementations with myo-inositol, thiamine and nicotinic acid were suitable. The in vitro shoot survival rate was 30% with a mean leaf numbers of 2.68 produced, and a mean leaf length of 1.71 cm achieved after 5 weeks of culture on the modified medium.

Effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. fruit extracts on α-glucosidase enzyme,glucose diffusion and wound healing activities

Objective:To provide in vitro evidence for antidiabetic activity through potential inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme,glucose diffusion and enhancement in the wound healing using methanolic extract and fractions from Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.fruit.Methods:The inhibitory action of methanolic extract and fractions of such fruit on aglucosidase enzyme and glucose movement through in vitro assay assessment was reported.Their activities on wound healing were tested using the scratch assay.Results:Ethyl acetate fraction at 50 mg/m L concentration exhibited significant aglucosidase inhibition(95.79 mg/m L) with P < 0.05.At the same concentration,the methanolic extract as well as other fractions revealed lower α-glucosidase inhibition and higher glucose diffusion retardation across the dialysis tube than the control.Ethyl acetate and butanol fractions displayed notably higher glucose diffusion inhibitory activity of 5.21 mmol/L and 5.2 mmol/L,respectively as compared to methanolic extract and n-hexane fraction of 6.58 mmol/L and 6.49 mmol/L,respectively.Conversely,compared to other fractions the methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction manifested proliferative effect at the incubation time of 6 h during the wound healing study.Conclusions:It is established that methanolic extract and fractions from H.sabdariffa Linn.fruit can inhibit the α-glucosidase enzyme and glucose movement as well as influence the wound healing activity positively.

Phytochemical analysis and anticancer capacity of Shemamruthaa,a herbal formulation against DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma in rats

Objective:To investigate the bioactive-constituents of Shemamruthaa(SM),a herbal combination and its therapeutic effects on the mitochondrial functions with reference to lipid peroxidation(LPO),antioxidant status,citric acid cycle enzymes and electron transport chain enzymes in mammary tissues of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)-anthracene(DMBA)induced mammary carcinoma in rat model.Methods:Adult Female Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the study and were divided into four groups.CroupⅠserved as control and CroupⅡrats were induced mammary carcinoma by administration of DMBA(25 mg/kg b.w.)orally.The normal and cancer-induced rats(GroupⅢ)were treated with SM(400 mg/kg b.w./day)orally by gastric incubation for 14days.CroupⅣrats served as SM-treated control animals.Results:Cancer-induced rats showed a considerably increased level of LPO with concomitant decreased levels of antioxidants,citric acid cycle enzymes,electron transport chain enzymes and cytochrome contents in the mammary tissue.Treatment with SM brought back the aforementioned biochemical parameters to near normal.Conclusions:From the results,it can be inferred that Shemamruthaa possesses significant anticancer effect through its role in attenuation of LPO,prevention of membrane damage and restoring membrane integrity.