Simulation of 2D Nonlinear Manifestations in a Layered-Block Medium with Hierarchical Inclusions

The geological environment is an open system that can be influenced by external and internal factors. They can lead it to an unstable state, which, as a rule, manifests itself locally in the form of zones called dynamically active elements, by which it is possible to identify, on the one hand, potential catastrophic sources that disrupt the technological process when mining the rock massif;оn the other hand, when producing oil from wells, this process can contribute to improving the movement of oil inclusions in the plastic environment of the reservoir. These objects, both in the rock massif and in the oil reservoir, differ from the host geological environment in their structural forms, which are often hierarchical forms. The process of their nonlinear activation can be observed using borehole monitoring of acoustic longitudinal and transversal waves, for the mathematical support of which new 2D modeling algorithms have been developed in that paper using the method of integral and integro-differential equations with the inclusion of nonlinear terms in the dependence of the wave parameter on frequency. When interpreting the results of acoustic monitoring, it is necessary to use the data of such observation systems that are configured to study the hierarchical structure of the environment.

Marine spatio-temporal process semantics and its applications-taking the El Nio Southern Oscilation process and Chinese rainfall anomaly as an example

Spatio-temporal semantics based on ＂object views＂ or ＂event views＂ has few abilities to represent and model the continuity and gradual oceanic phenomena or objects, which seriously limits the specific marine applications and knowledge discovery and data mining, so this paper proposes a hierarchical abstraction semantics with ＂marine spatio-temporal process-life span phases-evolution sequences--state units＂ and process objects included by level with ＂marine process objects--phase objects--sequence object---state objects＂ with the oceanic process characteristics into the marine process semantics. In addition, this paper designs the storage and representation of marine process objects using the backus normal forms （BNF） and abstract data type （ADT）. Base on E1 Nifio Southern Oscilation （ENSO） index and Chinese rain gauging station data, this paper also gives a case of study. The spatio-temporal analysis between ENSO process and Chinese rainfall anomalies shows that the marine spatio-temporal semantics not only can illustrate the spatial distribution of Chinese rainfall anomalies in different time scales at ENSO process, life span phases and state units, but also analyze the dynamic changes of Chinese rainfall anomalies in different life span phases or state units within ENSO evolution.