Foundations of the Scale-Symmetric Theory and the Illusory Total Width of the Off-Shell Higgs Bosons

Here we present the foundations of the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST), i.e. the fundamental phase transitions of the initial inflation field, the atom-like structure of baryons and different types of black holes. Within SST we show that the transition from the nuclear strong interactions in the off-shell Higgs boson production to the nuclear weak interactions causes that the real total width of the Higgs boson from the Higgs line shape (i.e. 3.3 GeV) decreases to 4.3 MeV that is the illusory total width. Moreover, there appear some glueballs/condensates with the energy 3.3 GeV that accompany the production of the off-shell Higgs bosons.

Production of Charged Higgs Bosons from Left-Right Twin Higgs Model at TeV Energy e^-γ Colliders

The left-right twin Higgs （LRTH） model predicts the existence of three additional Higgs bosons： one neutral Higgs φo and a pair of charged Higgs bosons φ±. In this paper, we study two pair production processes of these new particles at the next generation eγ colliders, i.e., e-γ → e-φ＋φ- , and e-γ→vRφ-φ0. We find that the production cross section of the process e-γ → e-φ＋φ- are at the level of several tens fb, the production cross section of the process e-γ→vRφ-φ0 can reach 0.35 fb with the reasonable parameter values. As long as the charged Higgs bosons are not too heavy, we conclude that these processes might be used to test for the left-right twin Higgs model in future high-energy linear collider experiments.

Spin Forms and Spin Interactions among Higgs Bosons, between Higgs Boson and Graviton

This paper offers concrete spin matrix forms of 0h spin zero particle, and shows the existent of the spin interactions among 0h spin zero particles. It is obviously hoping to approach, on the most comprehensive level, to understand what really Higgs Boson is and what role-play Higgs Boson is acting in particle physics. As a "particle" of gravitational force, the spin interaction between 0h spin zero particle (Higgs Boson) and 2h spin particle (Graviton) is given, which maybea way that people would find Graviton in future.

Exploration of heavy Higgs bosons at a 100 TeV hadron collider within the semi-constrained next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model

In this study,we explore the detectability of heavy Higgs bosons in the pp→bbH/A→bbtt channel at a100 TeV hadron collider within the semi-constrained next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model.We calculate their production cross sections and decay branching ratios and compare them with simulation results from literature.We focus on the heavy doublet-dominated CP-even Higgs H and CP-odd Higgs A,with mass limits set below 10TeV to ensure detectability.At a collider with an integrated luminosity of 3 ab^(-1),the potential for detecting heavy Higgs bosons varies significantly with their mass and tanβ.Heavy Higgs bosons with masses below 2 TeV are within the testable range,while those heavier than 7 TeV are below the exclusion and discovery thresholds,rendering them undetectable.For masses between 2 and 7 TeV,heavy Higgs bosons with tanβ smaller than 20 can be detected,whereas those with tanβ larger than 20 are beyond the current discovery or exclusion capabilities.

Detection of Charged Higgs Bosons in e^+e^-(γγ)→tφ^- Production at the ILC

Abstract In the context of the left-right twin Higgs （LRTH） model, we have studied the charged Higgs bosons production processes e＋e-（γγ） →tbФ- at the International Linear Collider （ILC）. It is found that the cross sections of these two processes could reach a few Fo with reasonable parameter values. With the yearly integrated luminosity of L 500 fb-1 expected at the ILC, one could collect hundreds up to thousands of charged ttiggs events via these two processes. Therefore, our researches in this paper can help us search for charged Higgs bosons, and furthermore, to test the LRTH model.

Pair production of neutral Higgs bosons from the left-right twin Higgs model via γγ collisions

The left-right twin Higgs （LRTH） model predicts the existence of the neutral Higgs bosons （h, φ0）, which can be produced in pairs （φ0φ0, hh, φ0h） via γγ collisions at the next generation e＋eInternational Linear Collider （ILC）. Our numerical results show that the production cross section of the neutral Higgs boson pair φ0φ0 can reach 8.8 fb. The subprocess γγ → φ0φ0 might be used to test the LRTH model in future ILC experiments.

The Accurate Mass Formulas of Leptons, Quarks, Gauge Bosons, the Higgs Boson, and Cosmic Rays

One of the biggest unsolved problems in physics is the particle masses of all elementary particles which cannot be calculated accurately and predicted theoretically. In this paper, the unsolved problem of the particle masses is solved by the accurate mass formulas which calculate accurately and predict theoretically the particle masses of all leptons, quarks, gauge bosons, the Higgs boson, and cosmic rays (the knees-ankles-toe) by using only five known constants: the number (seven) of the extra spatial dimensions in the eleven-dimensional membrane, the mass of electron, the masses of Z and W bosons, and the fine structure constant. The calculated masses are in excellent agreements with the observed masses. For examples, the calculated masses of muon, top quark, pion, neutron, and the Higgs boson are 105.55 MeV, 175.4 GeV, 139.54 MeV, 939.43 MeV, and 126 GeV, respectively, in excellent agreements with the observed 105.65 MeV, 173.3 GeV, 139.57 MeV, 939.27 MeV, and 126 GeV, respectively. The mass formulas also calculate accurately the masses of the new particle at 750 GeV from the LHC and the new light boson at 17 MeV. The theoretical base of the accurate mass formulas is the periodic table of elementary particles. As the periodic table of elements is derived from atomic orbitals, the periodic table of elementary particles is derived from the seven principal mass dimensional orbitals and seven auxiliary mass dimensional orbitals. All elementary particles including leptons, quarks, gauge bosons, the Higgs boson, and cosmic rays can be placed in the periodic table of elementary particles. The periodic table of elementary particles is based on the theory of everything as the computer simulation model of physical reality consisting of the mathematical computation, digital representation and selective retention components. The computer simulation model of physical reality provides the seven principal mass dimensional orbitals and seven auxiliary mass dimensional orbitals for the periodic table of elementary particles.

A New Interpretation of the Higgs Vacuum Potential Energy Based on a Planckion Composite Model for the Higgs

We present a new interpretation of the Higgs field as a composite particle made up of a positive, with, a negative mass Planck particle. According to the Winterberg hypothesis, space, i.e., the vacuum, consists of both positive and negative physical massive particles, which he called planckions, interacting through strong superfluid forces. In our composite model for the Higgs boson, there is an intrinsic length scale associated with the vacuum, different from the one introduced by Winterberg, where, when the vacuum is in a perfectly balanced state, the number density of positive Planck particles equals the number density of negative Planck particles. Due to the mass compensating effect, the vacuum thus appears massless, chargeless, without pressure, energy density, or entropy. However, a situation can arise where there is an effective mass density imbalance due to the two species of Planck particle not matching in terms of populations, within their respective excited energy states. This does not require the physical addition or removal of either positive or negative Planck particles, within a given region of space, as originally thought. Ordinary matter, dark matter, and dark energy can thus be given a new interpretation as residual vacuum energies within the context of a greater vacuum, where the populations of the positive and negative energy states exactly balance. In the present epoch, it is estimated that the dark energy number density imbalance amounts to, , per cubic meter, when cosmic distance scales in excess of, 100 Mpc, are considered. Compared to a strictly balanced vacuum, where we estimate that the positive, and the negative Planck number density, is of the order, 7.85E54 particles per cubic meter, the above is a very small perturbation. This slight imbalance, we argue, would dramatically alleviate, if not altogether eliminate, the long standing cosmological constant problem.

Littlest Higgs Model and Higgs Boson Associated Production with Top Quark Pair at High Energy Linear e^＋e^- Collider

In the parameter space allowed by the electroweak precision measurement data, we consider the contributions of the new particles predicted by the littlest Higga model to the Higgs hoson associated production with top quark pair in the future high energy linear e^＋e^- collider （ILU）. We find that the contributions mainly come from the new gauge bosons ZH and BH. For reasonable values of the free parameters, the absolute value of the relative correction parameter δσ/σ^SM can be signiticanly large, which might be observed in the future ILU experiment with √S = 800 GeV.

Hybridization of Fuzzy and Hard Semi-Supervised Clustering Algorithms Tuned with Ant Lion Optimizer Applied to Higgs Boson Search

This paper focuses on the unsupervised detection of the Higgs boson particle using the most informative features and variables which characterize the“Higgs machine learning challenge 2014”data set.This unsupervised detection goes in this paper analysis through 4 steps:(1)selection of the most informative features from the considered data;(2)definition of the number of clusters based on the elbow criterion.The experimental results showed that the optimal number of clusters that group the considered data in an unsupervised manner corresponds to 2 clusters;(3)proposition of a new approach for hybridization of both hard and fuzzy clustering tuned with Ant Lion Optimization(ALO);(4)comparison with some existing metaheuristic optimizations such as Genetic Algorithm(GA)and Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO).By employing a multi-angle analysis based on the cluster validation indices,the confusion matrix,the efficiencies and purities rates,the average cost variation,the computational time and the Sammon mapping visualization,the results highlight the effectiveness of the improved Gustafson-Kessel algorithm optimized withALO(ALOGK)to validate the proposed approach.Even if the paper gives a complete clustering analysis,its novel contribution concerns only the Steps(1)and(3)considered above.The first contribution lies in the method used for Step(1)to select the most informative features and variables.We used the t-Statistic technique to rank them.Afterwards,a feature mapping is applied using Self-Organizing Map(SOM)to identify the level of correlation between them.Then,Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO),a metaheuristic optimization technique,is used to reduce the data set dimension.The second contribution of thiswork concern the third step,where each one of the clustering algorithms as K-means(KM),Global K-means(GlobalKM),Partitioning AroundMedoids(PAM),Fuzzy C-means(FCM),Gustafson-Kessel(GK)and Gath-Geva(GG)is optimized and tuned with ALO.

Correction of the Littlest Higgs Model to Higgs Production Process e-γ→veW-H in e-γ Collisions

The littlest Higgs model is the most economical one among various little Higgs models. In the context of the littlest Higgs （LH） model, we study the process e-γ → veW^-H and calculate the contributions of the LH model to the cross section of this process. The results show that in most of the parameter spaces preferred by the electroweak precision data, the value of the relative correction is larger than 10%. Such correction to the process e-γ →veW^-H is large enough to be detected via e-γ collisions in the future high energy linear e^＋ e^- collider （ILC） experiment with the c.m. energy √s = 500 GeV and a yearly integrated luminosity ￡ = 100fb^-1, which will give an idea/way to test the model.

Neutral Higgs Boson Pair Production in Standard Model with the Fourth GenerationQuarks at LHC

We investigated the neutral Higgs boson pair production at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in the SM with four families. We found that the gluon-gluon fusion mode is the most dominant one in producing neutral Higgs boson pair at the LHC, and it can be used to probe the trilinear Higgs coupling. If the heavy quarks of the fourth generation really exist within the SM, they can manifest their effect on the cross section of the Higgs pair production process at the LHC. Our numerical results show that there will be neutral Higgs boson pair production events per year if the next generation heavy quarks really exist, while there will be only events produced per year if there are only three families in the SM.

Charged Higgs Boson Pair Production via Gluon-Gluon Collisions in MSSM with CP Violation

The CP-violating effects to the subprocess gg→H+H-are studied in the mSUGRA scenario at the CERN large hadron collider,by taking into account the experimental bounds of electron and neutron electric dipole moments.The CP-violating effects in this process are related to the complex phases ofμand Af in the mSUGRA scenario.In our calculation we consider smallCP phases ofμand Af and neglect the effects of neutral Higgs boson mixing.In this case the CP effects to the process mainly come from the complex couplings of Higgs-squark-squark.We find a strong dependence of charged Higgs boson pair production rate on the complex couplings in the parameter space of minimal supersymmetric standard model.

Single Production of Doubly Charged Higgs Boson via cγCollision in Higgs Triplet Model

The Higgs triplet model （HTM） predicts the existence of a pair of doubly charged Higgs bosons H±±. Single production of H±± via e7 collision at the next generation e＋ e- International Linear Collider （ILC） and the Large Hadron electron Collider （LHeC） is considered. The numerical results show that the production cross sections are very sensitive to the neutrino oscillation parameters. Their values for the inverted hierarchy mass spectrum are larger than those for the normal hierarchy mass spectrum at these two kinds of collider experiments. With reasonable values of the relevant free parameters, the possible signals of the doubly charged Higgs bosons predicted by the HTM might be detected in future ILC experiments.

Process e^-у→ e^-H in Littlest Higgs Model

In the context of the littlest Higgs （LH） model, we estimate the production cross section of the process e^-у→ e^-H in the future high-energy linear e^＋e^- collider （ILC） with the center-of-mass （CM） energy √S = 500 GeV. Our numerical results show that the contributions of the LH model Co this process are very small in most of the parameter space allowed by the electroweak precision measurement data, and are very diffcult to be detected in the future ILC experiments.

On a Singular Solution in Higgs Field （Ⅲ）： Condensates and Representation of Certain f0 Mesons＇ Masses

Recently the mass and the basic structure of SM Higgs boson （H^0） have been discussed by the author with obtaining asymptotic solution for the equation of motion of nonlinear Klein-Gordon type partial differential equation. In this paper, we will treat with above in mind： masses of glueball （GB） of ground state and of certain fo mesons, ur, Higgs boson （ur-H^0） which will consist of a number of GBs and/or fo above for respective fullerene structure, a representation of these fo mesons＇ masses by masses of n octet and GB, and transformation of ur-H^0 into H^0.

<i>H</i>, <i>W</i>, <i>Z</i>Bosons, Dark Matter: Composite Particles?

The present article develops a model initially published in ref. [1]. It is a quasi-classical quantum model of composite particles with ultra-relativistic (UR) constituents (leptons and quarks). The model is used to calculate the mass energy of three composite particles: a UR tauonium, a UR bottomonium and a UR leptoquarkonium. The result is that these three hypothetic particles have masses close to 125 GeV: the Higgs boson mass energy. These results are recalled in the present article. Then the model is extended to calculate the mass energy of pi-mesons, W and Z bosons. Finally, the model provides a hypothesis on dark matter.

Branching Ratios from H→γγ and H→Zγ with a 125 GeV Higgs Boson

Motivated by the recent result reported from LHC on the di-photon search from the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson, we obtain limits on the anomalous couplings Hγγ and HZγ. We also perform a calculation at tree level of the decay widths as well as of the branching ratios for the reactions H → γγ and H → Zγ in the context of effective lagrangian for Higgs boson masses 115 ≤MH ≤ 130 GeV. We find that the decay widths and branching ratios from these reactions enhanced significantly due to the anomalous Hγγ and HZγ vertex, which would lead to measurable effects in Higgs signals at the LHC. Moreover, our results complement other studies on the channels H → γγ and H → Zγ.

The Standard Model Theory [May Be] a Wrong Theory

The Standard Model is the theory of Physics that describes the elementary particles of matter and the strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions, between them. The theory of the Standard Model does not include the description of the gravitational interactions. It is a very well founded theory that has predicted many experimental results, such as the existence of many particles and has withstood many experimental tests. The key missing piece of the theory to fill in was the Higgs boson, whose existence was reasonably suspected and confirmed by CERN’s ATLAS and CMS experiments in 2012. The current synthesis of the theory was completed in the mid-1970s, after the experimental confirmation of the existence of the quarks, and then confirmed, with the discovery of the Higgs boson, in 2012. All these, are according to the established views of science. But according to the opinions of many scientists, opinions with which I as the author of this paper agree, the theory of the Standard Model is a wrong theory because, while it makes some successful predictions, it does not answer to a number of many other questions that it should answer for its final establishment. Specifically and according to established views, the theory cannot explain the existence of dark matter and dark energy, the behavior of neutrinos and the existence of particles with very different masses. It is also questionable whether the Higgs boson, discovered in the ATLAS experiment is actually the particle that contributes to the creation of the mass of the elementary particles of matter, and whether the Higgs mechanism is theoretically a correct mechanism. There is doubt if the interactions, actually be created by the exchange of bosons? If bosons are really exist? And not any convincing explanation is given by the theory, for the case that, the bosons exist as particles, where were they found? And how do they work? For replace, or fill the void will be left by the theory of the Standard Model, which I believe sooner or later will be renewed or retired, I propose a New Model that more convincingly describes the elementary components of matter and the interactions between them. The New Model also addresses all the weak points of the theory of the Standard Model, including the interaction of gravity. But the main feature of the New Model, which will surprise you! Is its reliability, correctness, logic and simplicity. But this is something you will judge after studying the New Model.

On the Cosmic Evolution of the Quantum Vacuum Using Two Variable G Models and Winterberg’s Thesis

We work within a Winterberg framework where space, i.e., the vacuum, consists of a two component superfluid/super-solid made up of a vast assembly (sea) of positive and negative mass Planck particles, called planckions. These material particles interact indirectly, and have very strong restoring forces keeping them a finite distance apart from each other within their respective species. Because of their mass compensating effect, the vacuum appears massless, charge-less, without pressure, net energy density or entropy. In addition, we consider two varying G models, where G, is Newton’s constant, and G-1, increases with an increase in cosmological time. We argue that there are at least two competing models for the quantum vacuum within such a framework. The first follows a strict extension of Winterberg’s model. This leads to nonsensible results, if G increases, going back in cosmological time, as the length scale inherent in such a model will not scale properly. The second model introduces a different length scale, which does scale properly, but keeps the mass of the Planck particle as, ± the Planck mass. Moreover we establish a connection between ordinary matter, dark matter, and dark energy, where all three mass densities within the Friedman equation must be interpreted as residual vacuum energies, which only surface, once aggregate matter has formed, at relatively low CMB temperatures. The symmetry of the vacuum will be shown to be broken, because of the different scaling laws, beginning with the formation of elementary particles. Much like waves on an ocean where positive and negative planckion mass densities effectively cancel each other out and form a zero vacuum energy density/zero vacuum pressure surface, these positive mass densities are very small perturbations (anomalies) about the mean. This greatly alleviates, i.e., minimizes the cosmological constant problem, a long standing problem associated with the vacuum.