The Besov spaces B_p^(α,4)(Γ)and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces F_p^(α,4)(Γ)with high order x∈R on a Lipschitz curve Γ are defind,when 1≤p≤∞,1≤q≤∞.To compare to the classical case.a difference characterization of...The Besov spaces B_p^(α,4)(Γ)and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces F_p^(α,4)(Γ)with high order x∈R on a Lipschitz curve Γ are defind,when 1≤p≤∞,1≤q≤∞.To compare to the classical case.a difference characterization of such spaces in the case|x|<1 is given also.展开更多
High concentration of population and other elements brought by high urbanization has pushed the future construction of urban public spaces to be both "compact" and "ecological". Theory and methodol...High concentration of population and other elements brought by high urbanization has pushed the future construction of urban public spaces to be both "compact" and "ecological". Theory and methodology of landscape urbanism provides a new perspective for the construction of public spaces in high-density urban environment. Based on the concept and basic standpoints of landscape urbanism, this paper elaborated its potential value in spatial connection, functional integration and vitality promotion, and also analyzed practical strategies of landscape urbanism from three perspectives of structure, fold and stage by combining with typical cases, so as to provide references for designing urban public spaces in high-density environment.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to understand the physiological response of space flight mutation new strains of Festuca arundinacea to high temperature stress. [Method] The influence of high temperature stress on eco-physi...[Objective] The paper was to understand the physiological response of space flight mutation new strains of Festuca arundinacea to high temperature stress. [Method] The influence of high temperature stress on eco-physiological characteristics of 11 F. arundinacea materials was studied in a pot experiment.Physiological and biochemical indexes,including soluble protein content,superoxide dismutase( SOD),peroxidase( POD) and catalase( CAT) activities,were measured and analyzed once every 4 d for a total of three times. Subordinate function and grey rational analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the heat resistance of 11 materials. [Result] The soluble protein content decreased with the extension of heat resistance stress,while SOD,POD and CAT activities showed an upward trend. The high temperature resistance of 11 F. arundinacea materials was evaluated by subordinate function method. The resistance order was SP5-85> SP5-60 > SP5-71 > SP5-42 > SP5-94 > SP5-7 > SP5-88 > F. arundinacea cv Shuicheng > SP5-5 > SP5-89 = F. arundinacea cv Qiancao No. 1. The relational order of various heat resistance indexes and heat resistance obtained by grey rational analysis was SOD > CAT > POD > soluble protein content. [Conclusion]The result provides a theoretical basis for stress physiology and stress breeding of cold season grass in southwest region.展开更多
In this paper, we propose a new differential space-time-frequency (DSTF) modulation for MIMOOFDM system with four transmit-antennas and arbitrary receive-antennas, which can improve the transmission rate since it ca...In this paper, we propose a new differential space-time-frequency (DSTF) modulation for MIMOOFDM system with four transmit-antennas and arbitrary receive-antennas, which can improve the transmission rate since it can adopt high order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation. Our proposed DSTF scheme embeds some full diversity full rate (FDFR) quasi-orthogonal space-time codes (QOSTBC) with QAM modulation into the frequency intervals and adopts the differential modulation in both time and frequency domains. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DSTF scheme can improve transmission rate greatly. Compared with the conventional differential unitary space-time modulation (DUSTM), it can get better transmission performance in high transmission rate for MIMO-OFDM system.展开更多
As the most influential trade platform for yarn and fiber industry players in Asia,Yarn Expo Autumn is renowned for its comprehensive range of exhibitors.As such,the show keeps gaining in popularity,with the number of...As the most influential trade platform for yarn and fiber industry players in Asia,Yarn Expo Autumn is renowned for its comprehensive range of exhibitors.As such,the show keeps gaining in popularity,with the number of exhibitors increasing from 258 to morethan 270 this year.To date,they come from 12 countries展开更多
China will establish a 2-meter space-based astronomical telescope. Its main science goals are performing a sky survey for research about dark matter and dark energy, and high resolution observations. Some experts sugg...China will establish a 2-meter space-based astronomical telescope. Its main science goals are performing a sky survey for research about dark matter and dark energy, and high resolution observations. Some experts suggest that this space telescope should be installed inside the Chinese space station. In accord with this suggestion we put forward our first configuration, i.e., to adopt a coude system for this telescope. This coude system comes from the Chinese 2.16 m telescope's coude system, which includes a relay mirror so that excellent image quality can be obtained. In our second configuration, we suggest that the whole space telescope fly freely as an independent satellite outside the space station. When it needs servicing, for example, changing in- struments, refilling refrigerant or propellant, etc., this space telescope can fly near or even dock with the core space station. Although some space stations have had accom- panying satellites, the one we propose is a space telescope that will be much larger than other accompanying satellites in terms of weight and volume. On the basis of the second configuration, we also put forward the following idea: the space station can be composed of several large independent modules if necessary.展开更多
A certain number of charges are deposited on the surface of high-voltage solar array because of effects of space plasma,high-energy charged particles,and solar illumination,hence the surface is charged.Phenomena of el...A certain number of charges are deposited on the surface of high-voltage solar array because of effects of space plasma,high-energy charged particles,and solar illumination,hence the surface is charged.Phenomena of electrostatic discharge(ESD) occur on the surface when the deposited charges exceed a threshold amount.In this paper,the mechanism of this ESD is discussed.The ground simulation experiment of the ESD using spacecraft material under surface charging is described,and a novel ESD protecting method for high-voltage solar array,i.e.an active protecting method based on the local strong electric field array is proposed.The results show that the reversal potential gradient field between the cover surface and the substrate materials of high-voltage solar array is a triggering factor for the ESD on the array.The threshold voltage for the ESD occurring on the surface is about 500 V.The charged particles could be deflected using the electric field active protecting method,and hence the ESD on the surface is avoided even when the voltage on the conductor array increases to a certain value.These results pave the way for further developing the protecting measures for high-voltage solar arrays.展开更多
To improve the tracking accuracy of hypersonic sliding target in near space,the influence of target hypersonic movement on radar detection and tracking is analyzed,and an IMM tracking algorithm is proposed based on ra...To improve the tracking accuracy of hypersonic sliding target in near space,the influence of target hypersonic movement on radar detection and tracking is analyzed,and an IMM tracking algorithm is proposed based on radial velocity compensating and cancellation processing of high dynamic biases under the earth centered earth fixed(ECEF) coordinate.Based on the analysis of effect of target hypersonic movement,a measurement model is constructed to reduce the filter divergence which is caused by the model mismatch.The high dynamic biases due to the target hypersonic movement are approximately compensated through radial velocity estimation to achieve the hypersonic target tracking at low systematic biases in near space.The high dynamic biases are further eliminated by the cancellation processing of different radars,in which the track association problem can be solved when the dynamic biases are low.An IMM algorithm based on constant acceleration(CA),constant turning(CT) and Singer models is used to achieve the hypersonic sliding target tracking in near space.Simulation results show that the target tracking in near space can be achieved more effectively by using the proposed algorithm.展开更多
Starting from well established results in pure mathematics, mainly transfinite set theory, E-infinity algebra over operads, fuzzy manifolds and fuzzy Lie symmetry groups, we construct an exact Weyl scaling for the hig...Starting from well established results in pure mathematics, mainly transfinite set theory, E-infinity algebra over operads, fuzzy manifolds and fuzzy Lie symmetry groups, we construct an exact Weyl scaling for the highly structured E-infinity rings corresponding to E-infinity theory of high energy physics. The final result is an exact expression for the energy density of the cosmos which agrees with previous analysis as well as accurate cosmological measurements and observations, such as COBE, WMAP and Planck. The paper is partially intended as a vivid demonstration of the power of pure mathematics in physics and cosmology.展开更多
The existence of space charge may be addressed as one of the reasons that could cause shielding failure of transmission lines. In order to study the effect of space charge on discharge propagation path, a new experime...The existence of space charge may be addressed as one of the reasons that could cause shielding failure of transmission lines. In order to study the effect of space charge on discharge propagation path, a new experimental system, including mainly DC high voltage generator, impulse voltage generator as well as rod-plane electrode, has been established. The space charge was generated around the rod by means of pre-applying DC high voltage, and the air gap dis- charge experiments were conducted with and without pre-applying DC high voltage, respectively. Meanwhile, high speed cameras worked simultaneously from the front and lateral side to record the discharge propagation path so as to obtain the curvature. After statistical analysis, it is shown that the curvature increases in the middle and lower portions of the propagation path when the effect of space charge is taken into account.展开更多
目的探讨磁共振可变翻转角的三维快速自旋回波(3D-sampling perfection with application optimized contrast using different flip angle evolutions,3D-SPACE)序列检测大脑中动脉斑块内出血(intraplaque hemorrhage,IPH)的成像情况...目的探讨磁共振可变翻转角的三维快速自旋回波(3D-sampling perfection with application optimized contrast using different flip angle evolutions,3D-SPACE)序列检测大脑中动脉斑块内出血(intraplaque hemorrhage,IPH)的成像情况及其诊断价值。方法选取我院就诊的脑动脉粥样硬化的患者100例,所有患者均接受常规MRI检查、3D序列亮血时飞法MR血管成像(time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography,TOFMRA),同时接受3D-SPACE序列检查。根据常规序列(T1WI、T2WI、3D TOF、T1WI-CE)图像综合评估IPH,并根据患者的临床、影像学结果对所有患者进行评估,将患者分为有症状组和无症状组。对比两组患者3D-SPACE序列评估斑块信号的高低情况,同时对比3D-SPACE及常规MRI各序列对IPH的评估效果。结果有症状组72例患者中通过3D-SPACE序列共检测出142个斑块,其中斑块病灶信号强化2级98个(69.1%),仅11个(7.7%)斑块无信号强化;无症状组28例患者中共检测出49个斑块,其中35个斑块(71.5%)表现为无强化或1级强化。有症状组患者中IPH的发生率显著高于无症状组,同时有症状组患者中3D-SPACE序列信号强化程度显著高于无症状组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。评估191个斑块中共有112个为IPH,结果提示TOF、T1WI、3D-SPACE序列评估IPH具有较高的敏感性、特异性和一致性,其中3D-SPACE显示IPH的一致性最高。结论3.0T MRI 3D-Space序列能够有效的提示MCA粥样斑块的IPH情况,为合并颅内血管脑动脉斑块患者的危险程度评估及治疗提供参考依据,具有较高的诊断和临床价值。展开更多
Shale gas, which is derived from organic matters in shale and stored in shale deposits, is an important unconventional gas resource and attracts attention due to its significant requirement in the hydrocarbon producti...Shale gas, which is derived from organic matters in shale and stored in shale deposits, is an important unconventional gas resource and attracts attention due to its significant requirement in the hydrocarbon production. Methane (CH4) is the dominant component of shale gas, and adsorbed gas is an important reservoir form. Many studies have investigated the adsorption capacities and adsorption mechanisms of CH4 in shale. Organic matters and clay minerals have been proposed to be the two major components for CH4 adsorption. Adsorption of CH4 in organic matters, such as the adsorption capacity and effects of characteristics of the organic matters, has been well investigated. However, studies on CH4 adsorption on clay minerals have mainly focused on evaluating the adsorption capacity, and very little information about the adsorption mechanism has been provided. For example, the adsorption sites and factors influencing CH4 adsorption on clay minerals remain unclear. Three main reasons account for this: (1) the co-existence of organic matters in samples affects the evaluation of CH4 adsorption on clay minerals; (2) the pressures used during adsorption are not representative of actual reservoir pressures; and (3) the clay minerals selected have low swelling capacity and a smaller interlayer distances than a CH4 size, resulting in the misunderstanding of the CH4 adsorption sites.展开更多
The detailed laser surface remelting experiments of Cu-31.4 wt pct Mn and Cu-26.6 wt pct Mn alloys on a 5 kW CO2 laser were carried out to study the effects of processing parameters (scanning velocity, output power of...The detailed laser surface remelting experiments of Cu-31.4 wt pct Mn and Cu-26.6 wt pct Mn alloys on a 5 kW CO2 laser were carried out to study the effects of processing parameters (scanning velocity, output power of laser) on the growth direction of microstructure in the molten pool and cellular spacing selection under the condition of ultra-high temperature gradient and rapid directional solidification. The experimental results show that the growth direction of microstructure is strongly affected by laser processing parameters. The ultra-high temperature gradient directional solidification can be realized on the surface of samples during laser surface remelting by controlling laser processing parameters, the temperature gradient and growth velocity can reach 106 K/m and 24.1 mm/s, respectively, and the solidification microstructure in the center of the molten pool grows along the laser beam scanning direction. There exists a distribution range of cellular spacings under the laser rapid solidification conditions, and the average spacing decreases with increasing of growth rate. The maximum, λmax, minimum, λmin, and average primary spacing, A, as functions of growth rate, Vb, can be given by,λmax=12.54Vb-0.61, λmin=4.47 Vb-0.52, λ=9.09Vb-0.62, respectively. The experimental results are compared with the current Hunt-Lu model for rapid cellular/dendritic growth, and a good agreement is found.展开更多
基金The author is supported in part by the Foundation of Zhongshan University Advanced Research Centre and NSF of China.
文摘The Besov spaces B_p^(α,4)(Γ)and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces F_p^(α,4)(Γ)with high order x∈R on a Lipschitz curve Γ are defind,when 1≤p≤∞,1≤q≤∞.To compare to the classical case.a difference characterization of such spaces in the case|x|<1 is given also.
文摘High concentration of population and other elements brought by high urbanization has pushed the future construction of urban public spaces to be both "compact" and "ecological". Theory and methodology of landscape urbanism provides a new perspective for the construction of public spaces in high-density urban environment. Based on the concept and basic standpoints of landscape urbanism, this paper elaborated its potential value in spatial connection, functional integration and vitality promotion, and also analyzed practical strategies of landscape urbanism from three perspectives of structure, fold and stage by combining with typical cases, so as to provide references for designing urban public spaces in high-density environment.
基金Supported by United Fund of Guizhou Province(QKH J LKN[2013]24)Key Special Project of Guizhou Province(QKHZDZX[2014]6017)High-level Innovative Talents Training of Guizhou Province(QKHRC[2016]4024)
文摘[Objective] The paper was to understand the physiological response of space flight mutation new strains of Festuca arundinacea to high temperature stress. [Method] The influence of high temperature stress on eco-physiological characteristics of 11 F. arundinacea materials was studied in a pot experiment.Physiological and biochemical indexes,including soluble protein content,superoxide dismutase( SOD),peroxidase( POD) and catalase( CAT) activities,were measured and analyzed once every 4 d for a total of three times. Subordinate function and grey rational analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the heat resistance of 11 materials. [Result] The soluble protein content decreased with the extension of heat resistance stress,while SOD,POD and CAT activities showed an upward trend. The high temperature resistance of 11 F. arundinacea materials was evaluated by subordinate function method. The resistance order was SP5-85> SP5-60 > SP5-71 > SP5-42 > SP5-94 > SP5-7 > SP5-88 > F. arundinacea cv Shuicheng > SP5-5 > SP5-89 = F. arundinacea cv Qiancao No. 1. The relational order of various heat resistance indexes and heat resistance obtained by grey rational analysis was SOD > CAT > POD > soluble protein content. [Conclusion]The result provides a theoretical basis for stress physiology and stress breeding of cold season grass in southwest region.
基金This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No. 60572117the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province under grant No. 2005ABA244.
文摘In this paper, we propose a new differential space-time-frequency (DSTF) modulation for MIMOOFDM system with four transmit-antennas and arbitrary receive-antennas, which can improve the transmission rate since it can adopt high order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation. Our proposed DSTF scheme embeds some full diversity full rate (FDFR) quasi-orthogonal space-time codes (QOSTBC) with QAM modulation into the frequency intervals and adopts the differential modulation in both time and frequency domains. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DSTF scheme can improve transmission rate greatly. Compared with the conventional differential unitary space-time modulation (DUSTM), it can get better transmission performance in high transmission rate for MIMO-OFDM system.
文摘As the most influential trade platform for yarn and fiber industry players in Asia,Yarn Expo Autumn is renowned for its comprehensive range of exhibitors.As such,the show keeps gaining in popularity,with the number of exhibitors increasing from 258 to morethan 270 this year.To date,they come from 12 countries
文摘China will establish a 2-meter space-based astronomical telescope. Its main science goals are performing a sky survey for research about dark matter and dark energy, and high resolution observations. Some experts suggest that this space telescope should be installed inside the Chinese space station. In accord with this suggestion we put forward our first configuration, i.e., to adopt a coude system for this telescope. This coude system comes from the Chinese 2.16 m telescope's coude system, which includes a relay mirror so that excellent image quality can be obtained. In our second configuration, we suggest that the whole space telescope fly freely as an independent satellite outside the space station. When it needs servicing, for example, changing in- struments, refilling refrigerant or propellant, etc., this space telescope can fly near or even dock with the core space station. Although some space stations have had accom- panying satellites, the one we propose is a space telescope that will be much larger than other accompanying satellites in terms of weight and volume. On the basis of the second configuration, we also put forward the following idea: the space station can be composed of several large independent modules if necessary.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51177173), Elec- tromagnetic Environment Effect Key Laboratory Foundation(9140C87010313 JB34004).
文摘A certain number of charges are deposited on the surface of high-voltage solar array because of effects of space plasma,high-energy charged particles,and solar illumination,hence the surface is charged.Phenomena of electrostatic discharge(ESD) occur on the surface when the deposited charges exceed a threshold amount.In this paper,the mechanism of this ESD is discussed.The ground simulation experiment of the ESD using spacecraft material under surface charging is described,and a novel ESD protecting method for high-voltage solar array,i.e.an active protecting method based on the local strong electric field array is proposed.The results show that the reversal potential gradient field between the cover surface and the substrate materials of high-voltage solar array is a triggering factor for the ESD on the array.The threshold voltage for the ESD occurring on the surface is about 500 V.The charged particles could be deflected using the electric field active protecting method,and hence the ESD on the surface is avoided even when the voltage on the conductor array increases to a certain value.These results pave the way for further developing the protecting measures for high-voltage solar arrays.
文摘To improve the tracking accuracy of hypersonic sliding target in near space,the influence of target hypersonic movement on radar detection and tracking is analyzed,and an IMM tracking algorithm is proposed based on radial velocity compensating and cancellation processing of high dynamic biases under the earth centered earth fixed(ECEF) coordinate.Based on the analysis of effect of target hypersonic movement,a measurement model is constructed to reduce the filter divergence which is caused by the model mismatch.The high dynamic biases due to the target hypersonic movement are approximately compensated through radial velocity estimation to achieve the hypersonic target tracking at low systematic biases in near space.The high dynamic biases are further eliminated by the cancellation processing of different radars,in which the track association problem can be solved when the dynamic biases are low.An IMM algorithm based on constant acceleration(CA),constant turning(CT) and Singer models is used to achieve the hypersonic sliding target tracking in near space.Simulation results show that the target tracking in near space can be achieved more effectively by using the proposed algorithm.
文摘Starting from well established results in pure mathematics, mainly transfinite set theory, E-infinity algebra over operads, fuzzy manifolds and fuzzy Lie symmetry groups, we construct an exact Weyl scaling for the highly structured E-infinity rings corresponding to E-infinity theory of high energy physics. The final result is an exact expression for the energy density of the cosmos which agrees with previous analysis as well as accurate cosmological measurements and observations, such as COBE, WMAP and Planck. The paper is partially intended as a vivid demonstration of the power of pure mathematics in physics and cosmology.
文摘The existence of space charge may be addressed as one of the reasons that could cause shielding failure of transmission lines. In order to study the effect of space charge on discharge propagation path, a new experimental system, including mainly DC high voltage generator, impulse voltage generator as well as rod-plane electrode, has been established. The space charge was generated around the rod by means of pre-applying DC high voltage, and the air gap dis- charge experiments were conducted with and without pre-applying DC high voltage, respectively. Meanwhile, high speed cameras worked simultaneously from the front and lateral side to record the discharge propagation path so as to obtain the curvature. After statistical analysis, it is shown that the curvature increases in the middle and lower portions of the propagation path when the effect of space charge is taken into account.
文摘目的探讨磁共振可变翻转角的三维快速自旋回波(3D-sampling perfection with application optimized contrast using different flip angle evolutions,3D-SPACE)序列检测大脑中动脉斑块内出血(intraplaque hemorrhage,IPH)的成像情况及其诊断价值。方法选取我院就诊的脑动脉粥样硬化的患者100例,所有患者均接受常规MRI检查、3D序列亮血时飞法MR血管成像(time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography,TOFMRA),同时接受3D-SPACE序列检查。根据常规序列(T1WI、T2WI、3D TOF、T1WI-CE)图像综合评估IPH,并根据患者的临床、影像学结果对所有患者进行评估,将患者分为有症状组和无症状组。对比两组患者3D-SPACE序列评估斑块信号的高低情况,同时对比3D-SPACE及常规MRI各序列对IPH的评估效果。结果有症状组72例患者中通过3D-SPACE序列共检测出142个斑块,其中斑块病灶信号强化2级98个(69.1%),仅11个(7.7%)斑块无信号强化;无症状组28例患者中共检测出49个斑块,其中35个斑块(71.5%)表现为无强化或1级强化。有症状组患者中IPH的发生率显著高于无症状组,同时有症状组患者中3D-SPACE序列信号强化程度显著高于无症状组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。评估191个斑块中共有112个为IPH,结果提示TOF、T1WI、3D-SPACE序列评估IPH具有较高的敏感性、特异性和一致性,其中3D-SPACE显示IPH的一致性最高。结论3.0T MRI 3D-Space序列能够有效的提示MCA粥样斑块的IPH情况,为合并颅内血管脑动脉斑块患者的危险程度评估及治疗提供参考依据,具有较高的诊断和临床价值。
文摘Shale gas, which is derived from organic matters in shale and stored in shale deposits, is an important unconventional gas resource and attracts attention due to its significant requirement in the hydrocarbon production. Methane (CH4) is the dominant component of shale gas, and adsorbed gas is an important reservoir form. Many studies have investigated the adsorption capacities and adsorption mechanisms of CH4 in shale. Organic matters and clay minerals have been proposed to be the two major components for CH4 adsorption. Adsorption of CH4 in organic matters, such as the adsorption capacity and effects of characteristics of the organic matters, has been well investigated. However, studies on CH4 adsorption on clay minerals have mainly focused on evaluating the adsorption capacity, and very little information about the adsorption mechanism has been provided. For example, the adsorption sites and factors influencing CH4 adsorption on clay minerals remain unclear. Three main reasons account for this: (1) the co-existence of organic matters in samples affects the evaluation of CH4 adsorption on clay minerals; (2) the pressures used during adsorption are not representative of actual reservoir pressures; and (3) the clay minerals selected have low swelling capacity and a smaller interlayer distances than a CH4 size, resulting in the misunderstanding of the CH4 adsorption sites.
基金The financial aid of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No.59771054Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Tsinghua-Zhongda985 Science Foundation of Tsinghua University are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘The detailed laser surface remelting experiments of Cu-31.4 wt pct Mn and Cu-26.6 wt pct Mn alloys on a 5 kW CO2 laser were carried out to study the effects of processing parameters (scanning velocity, output power of laser) on the growth direction of microstructure in the molten pool and cellular spacing selection under the condition of ultra-high temperature gradient and rapid directional solidification. The experimental results show that the growth direction of microstructure is strongly affected by laser processing parameters. The ultra-high temperature gradient directional solidification can be realized on the surface of samples during laser surface remelting by controlling laser processing parameters, the temperature gradient and growth velocity can reach 106 K/m and 24.1 mm/s, respectively, and the solidification microstructure in the center of the molten pool grows along the laser beam scanning direction. There exists a distribution range of cellular spacings under the laser rapid solidification conditions, and the average spacing decreases with increasing of growth rate. The maximum, λmax, minimum, λmin, and average primary spacing, A, as functions of growth rate, Vb, can be given by,λmax=12.54Vb-0.61, λmin=4.47 Vb-0.52, λ=9.09Vb-0.62, respectively. The experimental results are compared with the current Hunt-Lu model for rapid cellular/dendritic growth, and a good agreement is found.