Application of High-speed Solenoid Valve to the Semi-active Control of Landing Gear

To select or develop an appropriate actuator is one of the key and difficult issues in the study of semi-active controlled landing gear. Performance of the actuator may directly affect the effectiveness of semi-active control. In this article, parallel high-speed solenoid valves are chosen to be the actuators for the semi-active controlled landing gear and being studied. A nonlinear high-speed solenoid valve model is developed with the consideration of magnetic saturation characteristics and verified by test. According to the design rule of keeping the peak load as small as possible while absorbing the specified shock energy, a fuzzy PD control rule is designed. By the rule controller parameters can be self-regulated. The simulation results indicate that the semi-active control based on high-speed solenoid valve can effectively improve the control performance and reduce impact load during landing.

Development of a Novel Parallel-spool Pilot Operated High-pressure Solenoid Valve with High Flow Rate and High Speed

High-pressure solenoid valve with high flow rate and high speed is a key component in an underwater driving system.However,traditional single spool pilot operated valve cannot meet the demands of both high flow rate and high speed simultaneously.A new structure for a high pressure solenoid valve is needed to meet the demand of the underwater driving system.A novel parallel-spool pilot operated high-pressure solenoid valve is proposed to overcome the drawback of the current single spool design.Mathematical models of the opening process and flow rate of the valve are established.Opening response time of the valve is subdivided into 4 parts to analyze the properties of the opening response.Corresponding formulas to solve 4 parts of the response time are derived.Key factors that influence the opening response time are analyzed.According to the mathematical model of the valve,a simulation of the opening process is carried out by MATLAB.Parameters are chosen based on theoretical analysis to design the test prototype of the new type of valve.Opening response time of the designed valve is tested by verifying response of the current in the coil and displacement of the main valve spool.The experimental results are in agreement with the simulated results,therefore the validity of the theoretical analysis is verified.Experimental opening response time of the valve is 48.3 ms at working pressure of 10 MPa.The flow capacity test shows that the largest effective area is 126 mm2 and the largest air flow rate is 2320 L/s.According to the result of the load driving test,the valve can meet the demands of the driving system.The proposed valve with parallel spools provides a new method for the design of a high-pressure valve with fast response and large flow rate.

Dynamic Performance of High Speed Solenoid Valve with Parallel Coils

The methods of improving the dynamic performance of high speed on/off solenoid valve include increasing the magnetic force of armature and the slew rate of coil current, decreasing the mass and stroke of moving parts. The increase of magnetic force usually leads to the decrease of current slew rate, which could increase the delay time of the dynamic response of solenoid valve. Using a high voltage to drive coil can solve this contradiction, but a high driving voltage can also lead to more cost and a decrease of safety and reliability. In this paper, a new scheme of parallel coils is investigated, in which the single coil of solenoid is replaced by parallel coils with same ampere turns. Based on the mathematic model of high speed solenoid valve, the theoretical formula for the delay time of solenoid valve is deduced. Both the theoretical analysis and the dynamic simulation show that the effect of dividing a single coil into N parallel sub-coils is close to that of driving the single coil with N times of the original driving voltage as far as the delay time of solenoid valve is concerned. A specific test bench is designed to measure the dynamic performance of high speed on/off solenoid valve. The experimental results also prove that both the delay time and switching time of the solenoid valves can be decreased greatly by adopting the parallel coil scheme. This research presents a simple and practical method to improve the dynamic performance of high speed on/off solenoid valve.

OPTIMAL CONTROL OF AN ACTIVE SUSPENSION SYSTEMEMPLOYING HIGH SPEED ON/OFF SOLENOID VALVE

Previous studies have confirmed that an active suspension system with high speed ON/OFF solenoid valves could provide the same vibration isolation efficiency as that of system with pressure proportional valve. In this study, by using Linear-quadratic optimization technique and Kalman filter method, an optimal regulator controller with a state observer was designed for the proposed system. Simulation and experimental research was conducted on a quarter car model. The simulation analysis of the system frequency characteristic suggested that the peak value of magnitude response curve in the case of system with an optimal controller would be lowered significantly, and the experiment results also showed that an improvement in the vibration isolation effect was obtained in using the designed optimal controller over the sky hook damper controller.

Optimal Control of Hydraulic Position System Employing High Speed On/Off Solenoid Valve

A hydraulic position system was designed employing two high speed On/Off solenoid valves with PWM(Pulse width modulation) technique and using LQ(Linear Quadratic) optimization principle. Based on the system, the parts of system can be formulated with equations. According to equations, the mathematical model of the system was established. By simulation, the corresponding LQ optimal controller was designed and the PWM signals were generated. The comparison of the simulation and experiment results show that LQ optimal control method with PWM technique employing high speed On/Off solenoid valve can provide better system performance and a high position precision is obtained.

Solenoid Actuator Design for Improvement of Response Speed

The main design factors which effect on operating speed of solenoid actuator for valve operation are mass of plunger, electromagnetic motive force, inductance and return spring, and these factors are not independent but related with each other in view point of design and electromagnetic theory. It is impossible to increase the operating speed by only change the value of any one design factor. The change of any one value results in change of any value related it in various design factors. Permanent magnets are as assistant materials which make higher flux density in air gap. Electromagnetic motive force in controlled only by current. This paper presents a speed increasing design method of solenoid actuator using a solenoid, by some governing equations which are composed of electromagnetic theory and empirical knowledge, and proved the propriety by experiments.

两种直动式高速电磁阀数值模拟与动态响应对比分析

针对直动式高速电磁阀动铁芯与阀芯加工、装配工艺要求高,一致性较差的问题,提出了一种动铁芯与阀芯可分离的结构,基于AMESim平台建立此款电磁阀电–磁–机–气多物理场耦合模型,考虑了动铁芯与阀芯撞击与分离的情况,并在试验台上进行了验证。然后与另一种动铁芯与阀芯“绑定”的结构形式进行比较分析。结果表明:两种电磁阀在动态响应与影响动态响应的关键参数存在差别。在同等条件下,第一种结构形式的电磁阀动态响应整体略差,但是其对动铁芯–阀芯加工、装配工艺的要求较低。

正负脉冲电压驱动的电磁螺纹插装阀动态特性分析

提出了一种基于PWM技术的正负脉冲电压控制策略,用于提高锥阀式电磁螺纹插装阀启闭动态响应速度,使其满足数字液压技术的要求。在分析电磁螺纹插装阀结构和工作原理基础上,建立了电磁螺纹插装阀的数学模型,并在AMESim软件中搭建电磁螺纹插装阀及其测试系统的多物理场耦合建模,研究不同正负脉冲电压持续时间条件下电磁螺纹插装阀线圈电流、阀芯位移、电磁力的变化规律,确定了电磁螺纹插装阀响应速度最快时正负脉冲电压控制策略的最优控制参数。利用半实物仿真系统搭建SCV硬件在环测试实验台,对所提正负脉冲控制策略进行验证。实验表明,与常规电压控制策略相比,当正负脉冲电压控制策略中正负脉冲电压持续时间都为10 ms时,电磁螺纹插装阀的开启时间由30 ms缩短到13.5 ms,其关闭时间由139 ms缩短到14 ms。研究结果为电磁螺纹插装阀的高响应化和数字液压技术的发展提供参考。

双向复位高速开关电磁阀动态响应特性仿真研究

高速开关电磁阀作为典型的伺服液压系统执行元件,逐渐成为高精密液压系统的核心部件之一。针对双复位弹簧式高速开关电磁阀的动态响应特性开展研究,建立高速开关电磁阀的多场耦合动力学模型,系统研究了高速开关电磁阀阀芯内径、弹簧刚度、线圈线径、工作温度、控制频率及占空比等对高速开关电磁阀阀芯所受到的电磁力和阀芯运动位移的影响,得到了高速开关电磁阀的优化设计参数,为进一步研制响应速度快、性能稳定、流量及承压范围大、环境适应性强的高速开关电磁阀奠定了一定的理论基础。

衔铁偏心对高速电磁阀全工况电磁力的影响

高速电磁阀(HSV)是电控燃油喷射系统的关键部件,其衔铁偏心作用是影响高速电磁阀静、动态特性的重要因素.为了揭示高速电磁阀衔铁偏心作用对其全工况电磁力的影响规律,结合试验和数值模拟方法,建立了高速电磁阀有限元仿真模型,并通过与试验电磁力对比验证了其精度,最大误差为4.8%;分析了衔铁中心偏移和偏转及其交互作用对高速电磁阀电磁力的影响.结果表明:随着衔铁中心偏移率增大,轴向电磁力逐渐变小,而径向电磁力逐渐增大,但总体对电磁力的影响不显著;随着衔铁中心偏转角增大,轴向电磁力近似呈线性下降,轴向电磁力最大降低率为59.5%,而径向电磁力虽然逐渐增大,但增幅不明显;衔铁中心偏移与绕偏移方向偏转交互作用对轴向电磁力的影响最显著,全工况下该交互因子与轴向电磁力的相关系数绝对值最小为0.471,最大为0.624.

数字式配流摆线液压马达特性研究

传统摆线液压马达由于采用机械配流,造成机械损失和容积损失高,同时马达结构尺寸大,加工难度较高。基于此,研究一种采用高速电磁开关阀组实现数字式配流与调速一体化的摆线液压马达。分析数字式配流摆线液压马达运行机制与结构特点;在对摆线马达和电磁阀流量特性理论分析的基础上,建立阀-马达动力学模型,针对所提出的模型进行仿真;在此基础上研究摆线马达的配流与转向切换的特性,通过改变PWM占空比,摆线马达可以较好实现双向调速。相比于机械配流式摆线马达,数字式配流摆线马达结构复杂度大大降低,配流与调速的灵活性得到增强。

高速燃油电磁阀电磁特性

高速燃油电磁阀作为航空发动机用叶片调节器的关键控制部件,其电磁特性直接影响叶片调节器的控制精度。首先基于Maxwell建立电磁阀数值模型。其次,深入研究磁路材料和外壳壁厚对电磁阀电磁力的影响规律。然后,对比研究极面形状和工作气隙相对位置对电磁力的影响规律。最后,研制了高速燃油电磁阀样机,进行实验验证。结果表明:磁路材料均为1J22时,电磁力最大;外壳壁厚0.75~1.5 mm时,各工作气隙下电磁力几乎不变;厚度小于0.75 mm时,电磁力随外壳壁厚的减小而下降;工作气隙小时,锥形极面衔铁电磁力小于平面极面,反之,锥形极面衔铁电磁力较大;工作气隙相对位置对电磁力影响有限。实验结果与仿真结果具有较好的吻合度,验证了仿真模型的正确性和研究方法的可行性。研究成果对高速燃油电磁阀电磁性能优化提升,提供了理论基础和数据支撑,具有实践意义。

基于滞环控制的航空发动机快速电磁阀控制仪设计

使用滞环控制方法实现快速电磁阀两端电压的脉宽调制,精确控制流过快速电磁阀的强激电流和维持电流的幅值,使用变频变占空比的方法控制流过快速电磁阀电流脉冲的占空比,具备输入过压、输入欠压和输出短路保护功能,设计了一款基于滞环控制的快速电磁阀控制仪。该快速电磁阀控制仪已经在航空发动机快速电磁阀及其主燃油控制附件的维修过程批量使用,杜绝了因控制器输入信号不稳定导致的航空发动机主燃油系统故障,且抗干扰能力强,能够预防维修过程人为差错,起到了提高航空快速电磁阀维修质量的作用。

HXD1型交流电力机车高速电磁阀故障原因分析及改进措施

由于制动系统中的高速电磁阀故障,给重载列车的运行安全带来严重安全隐患。该文对HXD1型交流电力机车高速电磁阀故障的原因进行分析,并有针对性地从提高高速电磁阀润滑油脂的性能、高速电磁阀增加过滤网、调整PWM控制周期、新型的截止式高速电磁阀的使用等方面提出改进及应急处置措施,大大减少高速电磁阀故障带来的安全隐患,通过现场验证,效果显著,有效确保万吨、两万吨重载列车的运行安全。

电控增压泵高速电磁阀电磁力与能耗特性分析

为深入研究电控增压泵电磁阀电磁力与能耗特性,采用有限元分析方法建立了电控增压泵高速电磁阀的三维静磁场仿真模型,并用试验数据验证了模型的准确性;通过数值仿真分析开展了驱动电流和结构参数(线圈匝数、磁极半径、工作气隙)对电控增压泵电磁阀电磁力与能耗的特性研究,得出各参数对电磁阀电磁力与能耗间的权重影响及量化分析。结果表明:主副磁极半径对电磁力影响占比最大,为38.15%;驱动电流次之,占比为31.08%;线圈匝数对电磁力影响占比为17.06%;工作气隙对电磁力影响占比为13.71%。从能耗角度分析了电控增压泵电磁阀驱动电流、线圈匝数、主副磁极半径和工作气隙的占比,其中线圈匝数能耗占比最大,为54.85%;驱动电流次之,为44.99%;主副磁极半径和工作气隙能耗占比最小,仅有0.16%。

共轨喷油器高速电磁阀结构参数与响应时间耦合关系仿真研究及优化

为研究共轨喷油器高速电磁阀结构参数与响应时间的耦合关系,并通过结构参数优化设计提高高速电磁阀动态响应速度,首先采用Ansoft软件与Simplorer软件进行联合仿真,建立了耦合驱动电路的高速电磁阀动态响应计算模型,并利用试验数据校核验证了计算模型的准确性。其次,为减少探究优化参数与优化目标耦合关系时的计算工作量,以计算模型提供的样本矩阵为基础,结合D-optimal设计与最小二乘法,采用RSM数学近似模型建立了高速电磁阀响应时间的响应面预测模型,以预测模型为研究工具,选取线圈匝数、衔铁升程、外磁极面积、内磁极面积及衔铁半径5个参数为拟优化结构参数,开展拟优化结构参数元效应敏感性分析研究,确定了衔铁升程为开启响应时间的较敏感参数。最后通过NBI-AFSQP优化算法,以提高高速电磁阀响应速度为优化目标,对高速电磁阀结构参数进行了优化设计。结果表明:经优化设计后,高速电磁阀开启响应时间降低了6.25%,关闭响应时间降低了9.56%,总响应时间降低了7.64%,高速电磁阀动态响应速度得到提高。

先导式高压电磁阀开启特性的光学测量

针对先导式高压气动电磁阀这类阀芯运动位移小,且结构封闭在阀体内的高速运动构件的运动特性难以直接精确测量的问题,提出了一种基于高速相机小位移放大机构的开启特性测量方法。建立分辨分析模型,搭建测试系统,并针对通径为20 mm的二位二通高压电磁阀进行多种压力下的开启特性测试,获得了先导式高压电磁阀的开启特性随工作压力的变化规律,验证了该方法的可行性和准确性,为高压小位移阀芯运动特性的测量提供一种可靠的方法。

超临界二氧化碳闭式试验回路压力调节系统

超临界二氧化碳具有低黏度、高密度以及良好的流动性等特点。通过闭式试验回路对其特性研究的过程中,试验回路的压力调节是一个重要方面。介绍了压力调节技术、压力调节系统组成,基于PLC控制系统、bang_bang控制原理、脉冲宽度调制和脉冲序列输出技术,以柱塞泵、电磁阀、压缩机等为主要设备,设计了一套压力调节系统。介绍了压力调节工艺流程及控制系统组成、压力调节原理及过程。经过系统设计和理论分析,可实现超临界二氧化碳闭式试验回路压力的远程、连续、精确调节。为类似闭式回路压力调节提供一种可行思路和方法。

高速电磁阀驱动电路设计及试验分析

分析了3种电磁阀驱动方式的特点,并基于HEUI喷油器对PWM控制方式进行了试验和分析。试验表明,提高线圈电压有助于实现电磁阀快速开启,开启脉冲和PWM占空比决定了不同阶段电流的大小,三者的有机调节,可以实现理想的电流波形。试验结果为整机的柔性控制提供了可靠依据。

高速电磁阀电磁力全工况关键参数相关性分析

为揭示各参数对高速电磁阀电磁力影响机理及交互作用规律,更有效地进行高速电磁阀参数设计及匹配,首先建立了高速电磁阀有限元数值仿真模型,并通过试验进行了验证。然后结合试验设计与相关性分析思想,基于中心复合试验设计构造了相关性分析的样本点,并利用有限元数值仿真模型得出全工况平面内其响应值,进而获得了相关系数,揭示了全工况平面内电磁阀关键参数本身形成的6个一次因素及其交互作用形成的21个二次因素与电磁力的相关性变化规律。通过相关性分析得出对高速电磁阀电磁力影响显著的一次因素为线圈匝数和衔铁厚度;而二次因素对高速电磁阀电磁力的影响随各工况点的变化复杂,最后研究了线圈匝数与衔铁厚度、衔铁厚度与阻尼孔位置、阻尼孔位置与半径三组显著因素的交互作用原理,为高速电磁阀设计及其电磁力预测提供了理论指导。