Cultivation Techniques for High-yield Corn in a Karst Area of Southwest Guizhou

The cultivation techniques for high-yield corn in a karst area of southwest Guizhou were elaborated in this research from the respects of choosing farmland, preparing farmland, picking good seeds, timely sowing, rational close planting, im-proving the quality of planting, mulching, scientific fertilization, field management, timely harvest, etc. we hoped to provide a reference for the realization of high-effi-ciency corn planting in mountain areas.

Comparison of Phosphorous Absorption, Quality and Yield Between High Oil Corn and Common Corn as Influenced by Phosphorous Application

A field trial was carried out to investigate phosphorous (P) absorption, grain quality and yield between high oil corn and common corn. The results indicated that high oil corn var.Tongyou 1 obtained lower highest P absorption rate (HAR) and later occurring date of HAR, in comparison with common corn var. Simi 25. The highest HAR and the earliest occurring date of HAR was obtained by the treatments of P45 and P75 in Tongyou 1 and Simi 25 separately; while the total amount of P accumulated by maize plant was achieved by P105 treatment in both varieties. P in grain relied mainly on root uptake at maturation that accounted for 85.7-96.8% and 79.3-84.3% for Tongyou 1 and Simi 25, respectively. Tongyou 1 contained more oil and protein contents, but less starch content with lower grain yield. P application at appropriate rate enhanced contents of protein and fatty acid, but the increment of starch content was neglectable. Acknowledgements This study was financed by the National Key Tech- nologies R & D Program (2004BA520A13), P.R.China.

Chemical Forms of Selenium in Corn and Rice Grown in a High Selenium Area of China

The chemical forms of selenium were determined in maize grown near Yutangba Village and in rice grown near Haubei village, Exi Prefecture, Enshi county of Hubei Province, China. The maize sample contained 18 ppm and the rice samples an average of 3.6 ppm selenium. After they were ground to obtain a fine flour, this was acid hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid in an inert atmosphere and the hydrolyzates chromatographed on columns of Dionex DC6A resin. The results indicate that the majority of the selenium is present as selenomethionine in both rice and corn.

Study on the Theory and Technology of High Yield Culture of Compact Corn

Using the split plot and multi-quadric regressive orthogonal cross-course rotary combination design, corn variety Denghai 6’s yield and yield components, important colony quality and physiological index, microclimate index in field and technical planting for high yield were studied. Cultivation for high yield showed that Denghai 6 had the great potential of increase yield. The average yield of two years was

Part Physical Characteristics Research of Three High-yield Corn Varieties

The physiological properties of new compact vertical-leaf type varieties, such as corn Zhengdan 958, Xundan 18, Jidan 7, etc. were analyzed in order to provid references for its large extension and new high-yield breeding. Results showed that reasons of high-yield included reasonable indices of leaf-area changing, long keeping of corn leaves and slow aging. Photosynthetic pigment, protein and soluble sugar in varietal leaves were high with the high peroxide enzyme activation, photosynthesis inherent ability and photosynthesis efficiency, but with low malondialdehyde. The volume of grain seed was big, with long forming or starch grouting time of cells and the weight of thousand-granules was high. It indicated that Zhengdan 958 was still the best corn variety for the extensive utilization. The seeds production should pay attention to keep the pure degree and the hallmark for giving full potential advantages on the yield of these species.

Analysis on High-yield Experience and Protective Measures of Wheat and Corn: A Case Study of Jieshou City in Anhui Province

This paper summarized the experience in high yield of wheat and corn in Jieshou City and made a further study on the supporting measures for the high yield of wheat and corn on this basis.

High-Yielding Cultivation Techniques of Summer Corn

The high-yielding cultivation practice for summer corn were expounded, pointing out the points for attention in land selection before sowing, basal dressing, fine breed selection, sowing and seedling management.

Studies on the Relationship Between Grain-yield and Climatic Ecological Factors in Summer Corn Under Super-high-yielding Cultivation Conditions

Cultivation experiments on super-high-yield (^12000kg/ha) of summer corn (Zea mays L.) were conducted in Laizhou, Shangdong Province, from 1986 to 1997, and in Wenxian, Henan Province, from 1996 to 1997. The results showed that requirements of accumulated temperature and hours of sunshine for super-high-yield of summer corn could be met in normal years in the areas of the Huanghuaihai Plain. Amount of precipitation influenced the yield most strongly in indirect way among all the meteorological factors, and the relationship between them displayed significant negative correlation (r= - 0.5418). The regression equation between yield and amount of precipitation at seedling stage and grain filling stage both reached significant level, and the partial regression coefficients were - 4.8735 and - 13.7415, respectively. Further research revealed that the key climatic-ecological factors influencing yield were as fellows: the average temperature in the third and the ninth Xun (note: a Xun indicates ten days and the accounting of Xun was from the corresponding sowing date), the hours of sunshine in the sixth and the eighth Xun, the amount of precipitation in the sixth, the seventh and the second Xun. Results obtained by analyzing yield components of summer corn showed that grain numbers per ear (GN/E) made greater contribution to super-high-yield than kernel weight (KW) and the numbers of ears did. The key factors influencing GN/E were the amount of precipitation in the sixth and the eighth Xun and the hours of sunshine in the sixth Xun, with the correlation coefficients of -0.6074, 0.5793 and 0.5854, respectively.

High dietary fructose intake: Sweet or bitter life?

Epidemiological data show that the consumption of added sugars as ingredients in processed or prepared foods and caloric beverages has dramatically increased. Fructose and fructose-based sweeteners are the most commonly added sugars and high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS-55: 55% fructose, 42% glucose and 3% higher saccharides) accounts for over 40% of all added caloric sweeteners. Concerns regarding the health risk of added sugar follow the demonstration that the consumption of foods and beverages high in sugars is associated with an increased prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and, more recently, ischemic heart and kidney diseases. The molecular mechanism(s) underlying the detrimental effects of sugar are not completely understood and their elucidation is critical to provide new insights on the health risk of fructose-based sweeteners. A better understanding of the key role of fructose overconsumption in the development of metabolic disorders may contribute to planning new strategies for preventing deleterious dietary behaviors from becoming established and, thus, curbing the rise in the number of insulin-resistant, obese and diabetic populations worldwide.

Characterization of root-associated bacterial community structures in soybean and corn using locked nucleic acid(LNA) oligonucleotide-PCR clamping and 454 pyrosequencing

supported in part by grants from the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences （XDB15010103）;the National Natural Science Foundation of China （41201247）

Effect of Different Vegetable Oils (Red Palm Olein, Palm Olein, Corn Oil and Coconut Oil) on Lipid Profile in Rat

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of different vegetable oils [red palm olein (RPO), palm olein (PO), corn oil (CO) and coconut oil (COC)] on lipid profile in rat. Sixty six Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into eleven groups of 6 rats per group and were treated with 15% concentrations of RPO, PO, CO and COC for 4 and 8 weeks. Rats in control group were given normal rat pellet only while in treated groups 15% of additional vegetable oils were given. The results at 4 weeks showed a decline in Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) values at RPO and PO groups whereas in CO and COC groups the LDL-C were increased compared to the control group. The High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) values increased in RPO and PO groups whereas it was declined in CO and COC groups compared to the control group. At 8 weeks, there was no significant difference (P ≥ 0.05) in HDL-C of rats treated with vegetable oils compared to the control group. However, the LDL-C in RPO and PO was significantly decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in the LDL-C and there was no significant difference (P≥0.05) for CO and COC groups compared to the control groups. The mean value of the LDL-C after 8 weeks in the control group, RPO, PO, CO, and COC groups were 66.1 mg/dl, 31.9 mg/dl, 41.1 mg/dl, 50.41 mg/dl and 54.31 mg/dl respectively. There was significant decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in the total cholesterol (TC) in RPO group for 4 weeks compared to the control group while the TC in PO, CO and COC were within the normal range. The results of TC in all treated rats for 8 weeks were within the normal range. There was no significant difference in TC of rats treated with vegetable oils compared to the control group. Triglycerides (TG) in all treated rats for 4 weeks were within the normal range whereas the TG in RPO, PO and CO groups for 8 weeks were significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) compared to the control group but there was no significant difference between the control group and COC group.

Strength Regularity and Failure Criterion of High-Strength High-Performance Concrete under Multiaxial Compression

Multiaxial compression tests were performed on 100 mm×100 mm×100 mm high-strength high-performance concrete （HSI-IPC） cubes and normal strength concrete （NSC） cubes. The failure modes of specimens were presented, the static compressive strengths in principal directions were measured, the influence of the stress ratios was analyzed. The experimental results show that the ultimate strengths for HSHPC and NSC under multiaxial compression are greater than the uniaxial compressive strengths at all stress ratios, and the multiaxial strength is dependent on the brittleness and stiffness of concrete, the stress state and the stress ratios. In addition, the Kupfer-Gersfle and Ottosen＇s failure criteria for plain HSHPC and NSC under multiaxial compressive loading were modified.

Study on flaking of wet corn by heating

Flaking on high-moisture corn （wet corn） by hot-air heating was studied in the paper. The wet-heating approach was beneficial to improve corn gelatinization by experimental results. By the experiments, a set of optimal parameters was obtained： hot-air temperature 120-130℃, heating duration 70 min, gap between rollers 0.5 -1.0 mm, 150-200 r·min^-1 for rotational speed of rollers.

玉米秸秆中7种游离单糖的高效液相色谱测定方法

本研究旨在建立一种测定玉米秸秆中7种游离单糖[D(+)-葡萄糖、L-鼠李糖、D(+)-木糖、L-阿拉伯糖、D(-)-核糖、D(+)-半乳糖和D(+)-甘露糖]的高效液相色谱测定方法。将玉米秸秆在60℃干燥后粉碎,以水作为提取溶剂,98℃水浴提取1 h,冷却后离心取上清液;利用1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)衍生化处理,上清液过0.22μm滤膜,以Agilent Zorbax SB-C_(18)色谱柱进行高效液相色谱分析,7种组分在56 min内达到分离。结果表明:D(+)-葡萄糖、L-鼠李糖、D(+)-木糖、L-阿拉伯糖、D(-)-核糖、D(+)-半乳糖和D(+)-甘露糖的保留时间和峰面积的日内相对标准偏差均分别小于1.0%和5.0%,日间相对标准偏差均分别小于1.0%和7.5%;线性范围分别为0.31~2 000μg/mL、 0.31~200μg/mL、 0.50~200μg/mL、0.75~200μg/mL、0.31~200μg/mL、0.75~200μg/mL和0.31~200μg/mL,线性关系良好,相关系数均达到0.999以上;检出限为0.10~0.25μg/mL,加标回收率为79.9%~114.8%。由此可见,本研究建立的方法不仅操作简单,还可以对玉米秸秆中的7种游离单糖准确定量,为研究玉米秸秆中糖类物质含量以及在动物体内的消化吸收提供技术支撑。

超高压致淀粉结构变化对醋酸酯淀粉合成及产品品质的影响

以玉米淀粉为原料,经不同压力(100、200、300、400、500、600 MPa)超高压预处理后,再合成醋酸酯淀粉。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、快速黏度分析、差示扫描量热等技术对比超高压处理淀粉及醋酸酯淀粉的结构性质。结果表明:超高压处理和乙酰化反应对淀粉结构均有一定的影响,表现出淀粉颗粒的膨胀和破裂。超高压预处理后,淀粉相对结晶度及糊化焓呈现先增大后减小的趋势,其中400 MPa处理时达到最大,分别为35.4%和11.90 J/g,此时糊化黏度相关参数也最大。当预处理压力为600 MPa时,淀粉完全糊化,颗粒失去原有形态,结晶类型由A型向V型转换。由于超高压预处理导致淀粉结构的改变,醋酸酯淀粉取代度和反应效率明显提高,当压力为500 MPa时达到最大值0.103和81.14%,该最大值的出现可能与淀粉颗粒结构明显破坏但维持颗粒态,增加乙酸酐与颗粒接触机会有关。本研究结果表明,对淀粉原料进行超高压预处理进而调控淀粉结构,有利于提升醋酸酯淀粉的合成效率。

极端高温天气条件下不同鲜食玉米品种的种植表现

为科学选择适宜鲜食玉米/鲜食大豆带状复合种植的耐密、抗病、抗倒的鲜食玉米品种,为玉米大豆带状复合种植技术示范推广提供品种支撑,开展了11个鲜食玉米品种与鲜食大豆的带状复合种植试验。结果表明:在2022年夏季极端高温且持续时间较长的气候条件下,鲜食玉米/鲜食大豆带状复合种植模式下不同鲜食玉米品种在双穗率、空秆率等植株性状及千粒鲜重、出籽率、结实率等产量性状上差异明显,其中晶白甜糯、虞珑糯1612、苏玉糯5号、苏科糯1801、苏科糯1901这5个品种结实率较高,表现出较强的耐高温能力;苏甜糯818、斯达糯41、扬甜糯104结实率较低,表现出较低的耐高温能力。复种区各玉米品种鲜穗产量在7332~11440 kg/hm^(2)之间,除苏科糯1801、晶白甜糯较对照苏玉糯5号(CK)略增产外,其他各品种均较对照苏玉糯5号(CK)减产,减产幅度在1.53%~34.58%之间,以苏甜糯818、苏科糯1501减产最严重。清种区各玉米品种鲜穗产量在7638.89~14828.70 kg/hm^(2)之间,除苏科糯1801较对照苏玉糯5号(CK)略增产1.42%外,其他各品种均较对照苏玉糯5号(CK)减产,减产幅度在0.95%~47.75%之间,以苏科糯1501减产最严重。

玉米芯的不同处理方式对平菇生产的影响

采用熟料、发酵料、发酵短时高温3种方式处理的玉米芯进行平菇种植,分析3种处理方式对平菇生产的影响。结果表明:发酵短时高温料的菌丝生长速度最快,达到0.72 cm·d^(-1),熟料与发酵料菌丝生长速度差别不大。出菇前期,3种处理方式生产的平菇子实体农艺性状基本一致;出菇后期,熟料与发酵短时高温料生产的平菇子实体农艺性状均优于发酵料;熟料的玉米芯处理下平菇生物学效率最高,发酵短时高温的玉米芯处理下次之,发酵料的玉米芯处理下最低。

基于高速摄像的玉米排种器性能测试

随着现代农业对高效、精确播种技术需求的增加,传统的排种器性能测试方法已经难以满足要求。该文基于高分辨率高速摄像机,在不干扰排种器正常工作的情况下实时捕捉和分析排种过程,通过获得排种器在高频率下的连续图像了解种子在被排出瞬间的运动轨迹和分布情况。试验结果表明,该方法可以准确地检测排种器的排种速度、排种均匀性和漏播率,为优化和改进玉米排种器设计提供了可靠的数据支持。通过该技术手段,可以大幅度提升玉米播种器的效率和质量,不仅有助于提高玉米的播种质量和效率,还可以为农业生产提供重要的技术支持和保证。

基于动态高分辨图像的粮仓玉米温度变化监测方法

为了监测粮仓内玉米的温度变化情况,为后续的储藏条件提供理论参考,提出了一种基于动态高分辨率图像的玉米粮仓温度变化监测方法。采用热成像传感器进行玉米粮仓基础数据采集,数据由H3C R4900 G3服务器处理和存储。运用绝对定标方法计算干扰率以消除传感器干扰,生成高分辨率图像,并进行几何校正。然后通过影像分割提取差异性特征,影像分割将图像划分为不同区域后提取纹理特征确定监测范围,经多尺度分割和区域整合得到影像像斑,依据像斑差异性参数求解公式确定像斑整合条件。最后在多维特征下进行动态高分辨率监测玉米粮仓温度变化,通过设定卷积滤波中心、卷积层特征表达式等一系列计算得到影像像斑特征,从而实现温度变化监测。实验结果表明:该方法能够有效地监测粮仓玉米温度变化,为后续的粮仓存储提供了有价值的参考。

黑糯玉米品种炎黑糯2134的特征特性分析

为全面了解炎黑糯2134的品种特征特性,分别运用产量位次、区域适应度、变异系数、高稳系数和回归系数等参数,对炎黑糯2134的丰产性、稳产性和适应性进行分析,并对该品种品质及抗病性进行评价。结果表明,炎黑糯2134在2年区试中平均产量18 267 kg/hm^(2),较对照晋单(糥)41号增产9.9%,丰产性好;该品种2年产量变异系数19.78%,高稳系数81.47%,区域适应度90%及回归系数1.04,具有较好的稳产性和广泛的适应性;该品种品质综合评分91.50分;对玉米常见病害抗性较好。该品种适宜在山西省鲜食玉米区种植。