Spatial-temporal distribution and geochemistry of highly evolved Mesozoic granites in Great Xing’an Range,NE China:Discriminant criteria and geological significance

Highly evolved granite is an important sign of the mature continent crust and closely associated with deposits of rare metals.In this work,the authors undertake systematically zircon U-Pb ages and whole rock elemental data for highly evolved granitic intrusions from the Great Xing’an Range(GXR),NE China,to elucidate their discriminant criteria,spatial-temporal distribution,differentiation and geodynamic mecha-nism.Geochemical data of these highly evolved granites suggest that high w(SiO_(2))(>70%)and differentiation index(DI>88)could be quantified indicators,while strong Eu depletion,high TE_(1,3),lowΣREE and low Zr/Hf,Nb/Ta,K/Rb could only be qualitative indicators.Zircon U-Pb ages suggest that the highly evolved gran-ites in the GXR were mainly formed in Late Mesozoic,which can be divided into two major stages:Late Ju-rassic-early Early Cretaceous(162-136 Ma,peak at 138 Ma),and late Early Cretaceous(136-106 Ma,peak at 126 Ma).The highly evolved granites are mainly distributed in the central-southern GXR,and display a weakly trend of getting younger from northwest to southeast,meanwhile indicating the metallogenic potential of rare metals within the central GXR.The spatial-temporal distribution,combined with regional geological data,indicates the highly evolved Mesozoic granites in the GXR were emplaced in an extensional environ-ment,of which the Late Jurassic-early Early Cretaceous extension was related to the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and roll-back of the Paleo-Pacific Plate,while the late Early Cretaceous extension was mainly related to the roll-back of the Paleo-Pacific Plate.

Spalling characteristics of high-temperature treated granitic rock at different strain rates

The dynamic spalling characteristics of rock are important for stability analysis in rock engineering.This paper presented an experimental investigation on the dynamic spalling characteristics of granite with different temperatures and strain rates.A series of dynamic spalling tests with different impact velocities were conducted on thermally treated granite at different temperatures.The dynamic spalling strengths of granite with different temperatures and strain rates were determined.A model was proposed to correlate the dynamic spalling strength of granite,high temperature and strain rate.The results show that the spalling strength of granite decreases with increasing temperature.Moreover,the spalling strength of granite with a higher strain rate is larger than that with a lower strain rate.The proposed model can describe the relationship among dynamic spalling strength of granite,high temperature and strain rate.

Permian High Ba-Sr Granitoids:Geochemistry,Age and Tectonic Implications of Erlangshan Pluton,Urad Zhongqi,Inner Mongolia

Erlangshan Pluton from Urad Zhongqi, central Inner Mongolia, is located in the middle segment of the northern margin of the North China Plate. The rocks consist mainly of diorites with gneissic structure. Petrochemical characteristics reveal that the diorites belong to metaluminous, high- potassium calc-alkaline series, with chemical signatures of I-type granites. They are characterized by low SiOz contents (56.63%-58.53%) and A/CNK (0.90-0.96), high Al2O3 contents (17.30%-17.96%) and Na20/K20 ratios (1.20-1.70), enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILE, e.g., Ba=556-915 ppm, Sr=463-595 ppm), and relative depletion in high field strength elements (HFSE, e.g., Nb, Ta, Ti) in primitive mantle-normalized spidergram, and right-declined rare earth element patterns with slightly negative Eu anomalies (8Eu=0.72-0.90). They have Sr/Y ratios (20-25) evidently less than Kebu Pluton (49-75) to its east. Sensitive high resolution ion micro-probe U-Pb zircon dating of the diorites has yielded an intrusive age of 270±8 Ma. This leads us to conclude that Erlangshan diorites were formed by mixing between the middle or lower crustal-derived magma and minor mantle-derived mafic magma, followed by fractional crystallization, which was trigged by crustal extension and fault activity in post-collisional setting.

Characteristics of highly differentiated granite and metallization of tungsten-tin, rare and rare earth metal in the eastern Nanling region, China

1 Introduction Massive tungsten-tin,rare and rare earth metals ore deposits were formed with the widespread granite magmatic activity in early Yanshanian period in the eastern Nanling region.Recent studies indicate that the Yanshanian highly differentiated-granite formation is closely related to the deposits of tungsten and tin,rare and rare earth metals mineralization in the region(Xiao

Carboniferous Highly Fractionated I-type Granites from the Kalamaili Fault Zone, Eastern Xinjiang, NW China: Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications

Carboniferous magmatism is one of the most important tectonothermal events in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB). However, the final closure time of the Kalamaili Ocean between East Junggar and Harlik Mountain is still debated. Early Carboniferous(332 Ma) and late Carboniferous(307-298 Ma) granitic magmatism from Kalamaili fault zone have been recognized by LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating. They are both metaluminous highly fractionated I-type and belong to the high-K calc-alkaline. The granitoids for early Carboniferous have zircon εHf(t) values of-5.1 to +8.5 with Hf model ages(TDM2) of 1.78-0.83 Ga, suggesting a mixed magma source of juvenile material with old continental crust. Furthermore, those for late Carboniferous have much younger heterogeneous zircon εHf(t) values(+5.1 to +13.6) with Hf model ages(TDM2=1.03-0.45 Ga) that are also indicative of juvenile components with a small involvement of old continental crust. Based on whole-rock geochemical and zircon isotopic features, these high-K granitoids were derived from melting of heterogeneous crustal sources or through mixing of old continental crust with juvenile components and minor AFC(assimilation and fractional crystallization). The juvenile components probably originated from underplated basaltic magmas in response to asthenospheric upwelling. These Carboniferous highly fractionated granites in the Kalamaili fault zone were probably emplaced in a post-collisional extensional setting and suggested vertical continental crustal growth in the southern CAOB, which is the same or like most granitoids in CAOB. This study provides new evidence for determining the post-accretionary evolution of the southern CAOB. In combination with data from other granitoids in these two terranes, the Early Carboniferous Heiguniangshan pluton represents the initial record of post-collisional environment, suggesting that the final collision between the East Junggar and Harlik Mountain might have occurred before 332 Ma.

Early Carboniferous High Ba-Sr Granitoid in Southern Langshan of Northeastern Alxa: Implications for Accretionary Tectonics along the Southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt

Voluminous granitoids are widely distributed in the Langshan region,northeast of the Alxa block,and record the evolutionary processes of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt.The Dabashan pluton was emplaced into the Paleoproterozoic Diebusige complex.Early Carboniferous zircon LA-ICP MS U-Pb ages were from 327 Ma to 346 Ma.The Dabashan pluton can be classified as monzogranite and syenogranite,and exhibits high K2 O contents and K2 O/Na2 O ratios,which reveal a high-K calc-alkaline nature.The samples display strongly fractionated REE patterns,and are enriched in large ion lithophile elements(LILE)relative to high field strength elements(HFSE).The Dabashan plutons display unusually high Ba(823–2817 ppm)and Sr(166–520 ppm)contents and K/Rb ratios(315–627),but low Rb/Ba ratios(0.02–0.14),and exhibit fertile zircon Hf isotopic compositions[εHf(t)=-14 to-20],which are comparable to those of typical high Ba–Sr granitoids.Based on the geochemical compositions of the samples,we suggest that subducted sediments and ancient crustal materials both played important roles in their generation.Basaltic melts were derived from partial melting of subcontinental lithophile mantle metasomatized by subducted sediment-related melts with residual garnet in the source,which caused partial melting of ancient lower crust.Magmas derived from underplating ascended and emplaced in the middle–upper crust at different depths.The resultant magmas experienced some degree of fractional crystallization during their ascent.Given these geochemical characteristics,together with regional tectonic,magmatic,and structure analysis data,an active continental margin environment is proposed for the generation of these rocks.

太行山麻棚地区高Ba-Sr花岗质侵入岩的地球化学、锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

华北克拉通经历了长期而复杂的地质过程,中生代时期在太行山地区构造岩浆活动强烈,形成了一系列中酸性岩体。麻棚岩体位于太行山北段,侵位于新太古代片麻岩和表壳岩中,由中心向边缘分别出露似斑状二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩和石英闪长岩。前人已经对麻棚岩体进行过岩石学、岩石化学、岩体成因类型和年代学等多方面的研究,其花岗岩类型仍存有争议。本文对麻棚岩体进行了系统的岩石地球化学、锆石SHRIMP U-Pb同位素年代学分析和Lu-Hf同位素组成研究,进一步探讨了麻棚岩体的地球化学类型、形成时代和岩浆源区性质。岩石地球化学特征表明麻棚岩体具有较高的SiO_(2)、Na_(2)O+K_(2)O、Ba、Sr、LREE含量和K_(2)O/Na_(2)O值,较低的Al_(2)O_(3)、MgO、Rb、Nb、Ta、Th、U、Y、HREE含量和Mg^(#)值,无明显的Eu异常,明显亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素,属于高Ba-Sr花岗岩。新获得的3个不同相带岩石的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb同位素206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为129.4±1.4、131.2±2.2和129.5±1.3 Ma,且具有相似主量元素组成及稀土和微量元素分布模式,反映了麻棚岩体为同一期岩浆活动产物。Lu-Hf同位素测试分析数据计算获得麻棚岩体岩浆锆石的εHf(t)值为-27.00~-15.44,二阶段模式年龄t_(DM2)为2 358~1 765 Ma。麻棚岩体是前寒武纪变质基底部分熔融形成的岩浆与幔源岩浆混合作用的结果。

Migration of Some Elements and Radionuclides across aGranite-Granite Contact Zone: A Natural Analoguefor Safe Disposal of High-Level Radwastes

Abstract Elements and natural radionuclides in the contact zone of two granites with different ages would migrate from one to the other because of the difference in their chemical contents and later water-rock interactions. This migration could serve as an analogue for the near-field process of radwastes in a high-level radwaste deep geological disposal repository.

Geochemical Characteristics of Pb Isotope of High-Pressure Metamorphic Rocks and Foliated Granites from HP Unit of Tongbai-Dabie Orogenic Belt

Whole-rock Pb isotopic compositions of the high-pressure (HP) metamorphic rocks, consisting of two-mica albite gneisses and eclogites, and foliated granites from the HP metamorphic unit of the Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt are firstly reported in this paper. The results show that the HP metamorphic rocks in different parts of this orogenic belt have similar Pb isotopic compositions. The two- mica albite gneisses have 206 Pb/ 204 Pb=17.657-18.168, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb=15.318-15.573, 208 Pb/ 204 Pb=38.315-38.990, and the eclogites have 206 Pb/ 204 Pb=17.599-18.310, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb=15.465- 15.615 , 208 Pb/ 204 Pb=37.968-39.143. The HP metamorphic rocks are characterized by upper crustal Pb isotopic composition. Although the Pb isotopic composition of the HP metamorphic rocks partly overlaps that of the ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks, as a whole, the former is higher than the latter. The high radiogenic Pb isotopic composition for the HP metamorphic rocks confirms that the subducted Yangtze continental crust in the Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt has the chemical structure of increasing radiogenic Pb isotopic composition from lower crust to upper crust. The foliated granites, intruded in the HP metamorphic rocks post the HP/UHP metamorphism, have 206 Pb/ 204 Pb=17.128-17.434, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb=15.313-15.422 and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb=37.631-38.122, which are obviously different from the Pb isotopic compositions of the HP metamorphic rocks but similar to those of the UHP metamorphic rocks and the foliated garnet-bearing granites in the UHP unit. This shows that the foliated granites from the HP and UHP units have common magma source. Combined with the foliated granites having the geochemical characteristics of A-type granites, it is suggested that the magma for the foliated granites in the UHP and HP unit would be derived from the partial melting of the retrometamorphosed UHP metamorphic rocks exhumed into middle to lower crust, and partial magmas were intruded into the HP unit.

Some High-P-Subtype and Low-P-Subtype F-Rich Granites in South China

The F-rich granites in South China could be distinguished as the high-p subtype andthe low-p subtype according to their P2O5 contents. There are obvious differences in chemicalcomopition of these two subtypes. The high-p subtype is strongly peraluminous and characterized by low silica and very low REE contents, while the low-p subtype is weakly peraluminousand characterized by high silica and very high REE contents. There are also some differences inchemical compositions of feldspars and micas for these two subtypes. The phosphorus of thehigh-p subtype mainly appears to be in the feldspar structure as PAISi-2 substitution or subordinately in amblygonite as an accessory mineral, while the phosphorus of the low-p subtype ismainly in apatite and other phosphate minerals.

Evolution of the Mesozoic Granites in the Xiong'ershan-Waifangshan Region,Western Henan Province,China,and Its Tectonic Implications

Based on the new data of isotopic ages and geochemical analyses, three types of Mesozoic granites have been identified for the Xiong＇ershan-Waifangshan region in western Henan Province： high-Ba-Sr I-type granite emplaced in the early stage （-160 Ma）, I-type granite in the middle stage （-130 Ma） and anorogenic A-type granite in the late stage （-115 Ma）. Geochemical characteristics of the high-Ba-Sr I-type granite suggest that it may have been generated from the thickened lower crust by partial melting with primary residues of amphibole and garnet. Gradual increase of negative Eu anomaly and Sr content variations reflect progressive shallowing of the source regions of these granites from the early to late stage. New ^40Ar/^39Ar plateau ages of the early-stage Wuzhangshan granite （156.0±1.1 Ma, amphibole） and middle-stage Heyu granite （131.8±0.7 Ma, biotite） are indistinguishable from their SHRIMP U-Pb ages previous published, indicating a rapid uplift and erosion in this region. The representative anorogenic A- type granite, Taishanmiao pluton, was emplaced at -115 Ma. The evolution of the granites in this region reveals a tectonic regime change from post-collisional to anorogenic between -160 Ma and -115 Ma. The genesis of the early- and middle-stage I-type granites could be linked to delamination of subducted lithosphere of the Qinling orogenic belt, while the late-stage A-type granites represent the onset of extension and the end of orogenic process. In fact, along the Qiniing -Dabie-Sulu belt, the Mesozoic granitoids in western Henan, Dabieshan and Jiaodong regions are comparable on the basis of these temporal evolutionary stages and their initial ^87Sr/^86Sr ratios, which may suggest a similar geodynamic process related to the collision between the North China and Yangtze cratous.

Petrogenesis of Kejie Granite in the Northern Changning-Menglian Zone, Western Yunnan: Constraints from Zircon U-Pb Geochronology, Geochemistry and Hf Isotope

The Kejie pluton is located in the north of the Changning-Menglian suture zone. The rock types are mainly biotite-granite. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating indicates that the Kejie pluton emplaced at about 80-77 Ma, Late Cretaceous. The Kejie pluton samples are characterized by high SiO2 （71.68%-72.47%）, K2O （4.73%-5.54%）, total alkali （K2O ＋ Na2O = 8.21%-8.53%）, K2O/Na2O ratios （1.36-1.94） and low P2O5 （0.13%-0.17%）, with A/CNK of 1.025-1.055; enriched in U, Th, and K, depleted in Ba, Nb, St, Ti, P and Eu. They are highly fractionated, slightly peraluminous 1-type granite. The two samples of the Kejie pluton give a large variation of εHf（t） values （-5.04 to 1.96） and Hf isotope crustal model ages of 1.16-1.5 Ga. Zircon Hf isotopes and zircon saturation temperatures of whole-rock （801℃-823℃） show that the mantle-derived materials maybe have played a vital role in the generation of the Kejie pluton. The Kejie pluton was most likely generated in a setting associated with the eastward subduction of the neo-Tethys ocean, where intrusion of mantle wedge basaltic magmas in the crust caused the anatexis of the latter, forming hybrid melts, which subsequently experienced high-degree fractional crystallization.

High Ba-Sr adakitic charnockite suite from the Nagercoil Block,southern India:Vestiges of Paleoproterozoic arc and implications for Columbia to Gondwana

The Nagercoil block is the southernmost crustal segment of the Southern Granulite Terrane(SGT)in India and is mainly composed of charnockitic rocks and felsic gneisses(charnockite suite).In this study,we present petrologic,geochemical,zircon U-Pb,REE,and Hf isotopic studies on the charnockites and leucogneiss from the Nagercoil block.Based on field investigations and petrologic studies,the charnockites can be divided into garnet-bearing and garnet-absent anhydrous granulite facies rocks with orthopyroxene.The charnockites and leucogneiss show transition from adakites to non-adakitic magmatic rocks,with enrichment in LREEs(light rare earth elements)and LILEs(large ion lithophile elements),and depletion in HREEs(heavy rare earth elements)and HFSEs(high field strength elements).Some of the charnockites and the leucogneiss show typical HSA(high silica adakite)characters,(high SiO_(2),Al_(2)O_(3),Ba-Sr,La/Yb,and Sr/Y).The HSA is considered to have formed from the interaction of slab derived melts and peridotitic mantle wedge.The high Ba-Sr features were possibly inherited from subducted oceanic crust melting under high thermal gradient during Precambrian.The magmas were underplated and subjected to fractional crystallization.Zircon grains from the charnockite and leucogneiss show zoned magmatic cores surrounded by structureless metamorphic rims.Magmatic zircon grains from the charnockites show ages ranging from 1983±8.8 Ma to 2046±14 Ma,and the metamorphic domains show an age range of 502±14 Ma to 547±8.7 Ma.Zircon from the leucogneiss yielded magmatic and metamorphic ages of 1860±20 Ma and 575.6±8.8 Ma.Both charnockites and leucogneiss show two prominent age peaks at 1987 Ma and 568 Ma.The REE data of the zircon grains show LREE depletion and HREE enrichment,with the metamorphic grains showing more depletion in HREE.Zircon Hf isotopic data of the magmatic cores of zircon grains from the charnockite yieldedε_(Hf)(t)values from-1.17 to 0.46 with T_(DM)and T_(DM)~C and age peaks at 2392 Ma and 2638 Ma,suggesting Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic juvenile sources.We suggest that the high Ba-Sr adakitic charnockite suite from the Nagercoil block formed in a Paleoproterozoic magmatic arc setting during the assembly of the Columbia supercontinent,and underwent high-grade metamorphism associated with the amalgamation of the Gondwana supercontinent during the late Neoproterozoic-Cambrian.Our study provides new insights into the vestiges of Columbia fragments within the Gondwana assembly with two distinct cycles of crustal evolution.

Petrogenesis of the Early Cretaceous Tiantangshan A-type Granite in northwestern Guangdong province, SE China and tectonic implications

1 Introduction During the late Mesozoic times,the SE China is characterized by extensive magmatism and mineralization.The widely distributed granitoids with different(I-,S-and A-)types have been inferred to be closely related to the large-scale polymetallic mineralization.The Nanling tungsten-tin polymetallic belt is endowed with considerable

Experimental study on mechanical properties of granite under different cooling methods after thermal treatment

Static uniaxial compression tests were conducted on 16 granite specimens after thermal treatment using a heating device and an electro-hydraulic servo pressure-testing machine. The effects of air cooling and water cooling on the physical and mechanical properties of the high-temperature granite specimens were studied. Test results showed that the longitudinal wave velocities of the high-temperature specimens gradually decreased after they were cooled by water and air. The peak stress and elastic modulus of the samples decreased gradually with an increase in temperature, whereas their peak strain increased gradually. The effects of peak stress and peak strain were considerably more evident when cooling by water than by air. This result demonstrated that the thermal cracking of the granite specimens, and consequently, their internal micro-fractures, further developed when the specimens were cooled by water.

Granite deformation and behavior of acoustic emission sequence under the temperature and pressure condition at different crust depths

Results of triaxial compression experiment results show that granite rock strength increases with the depth until 30 km. In shallow crust, rock failure exhibits abrupt or quasi-abrupt instability under lower pressure. Acoustic Emission (AE for short) distributed almost uniformly before and after failure. Go through downwards into the depth range with progressive failure feature, there are no or only a few number of AE before and after failure. In deeper range, rock failure shows some feature of quasi-abrupt instability under high pressure. There are still few AE before failure, but with the stick-slip, much more An events were detected after failure. Under the temperature and pressure condition of more deep crust (about 26 km), rock failure takes abrupt instability under high pressure as main feature, there are dense AE activities before failure and cumulated frequency of AE increases exponentially before the failure. In about 35 km depth range, rock strength decreases quickly with the depth and sample exhibits semi-ductile or ductile progressive fails, there are no AE being detected before and after failure. The b value of AE sequence before failure seems a little smaller than that after failure, and b value roughly decreased with depth. The numerical range of index α is the widest in about 18 km depth and becomes narrow in the condition of more shallow or more deep crust. So, when the temperature and pressure condition simulating the real environment of focal depth changes from shallow to deep in the crust, the range of a of microfracture sequence would undergo such an evolvement process that a changes from narrow to wide and then to narrow again.

Experiments of Brittle-Plastic Transition and Instability Modes of Juyongguan Granite at Different Temperatures and Pressures

Three groups of experiments on brittle-plastic transition and instability modes of granite were performed in a triaxial vessel with solid pressure medium at high temperature and high pressure. The results of experiments show that brittle faulting is the major failure mode at temperature <300℃, but crystal-plastic deformation is dominate at temperature >800℃, and there is a transition with increasing temperature from semi-brittle faulting to cataclastic flow and semi-brittle flow at temperatures of 300～800℃. So, temperature is the most influential factor in brittle-plastic transition of granite and confining pressure is the second factor. The results also show that progressive failure of granite occurs at lower pressure or high temperature where there is crystal plasticity, and sudden instability occurs at room temperature and high pressure (>300MPa) or high temperature and great pressure(550℃600MPa ～650℃700MPa), and a broad regime of quasi-sudden instability exists between the T-P condition of progressive failure and sudden instability. So, instability modes of granite depend simultaneously on the pressure and temperature.

The Environment Deterioration Impact on the Granite Rock Art Relief of Seti I in Aswan, Egypt

Aswan is famous for Granite rock art reliefs. Seti I granite rock art relief is one of the most important of them. This granite rock art relief suffers from weakness, fragility, fragmentation and peeling because of many deterioration factors, especially environmental deterioration impacts, such as desert climate with high temperature, residential areas with cafes and shops, and air pollution from exhausts and Kima factory. They can cause chemical weathering. Scientific investigations and analyzes were conducted on this rock art relief such as USB microscope, Polarized (PM) investigation, scanning electron microscope investigation with X-ray energy dispersal unit (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to determine the nature and the degree of deterioration, as well as the chemical and mineral composition of the rock and its natural, chemical and mechanical properties. A treatment suggestion to this granite rock art relief has been done.

Influence of cooling speed on the physical and mechanical properties of granite in geothermal-related engineering

In deep-earth engineering,the high earth temperature can significantly affect the rock's mechanical properties,especially when the rock is cooled during the construction process.Accordingly,whether the cooling speed affects the mechanical and physical properties of rocks is worth to be investigated.The present study explored the influence of the cooling rate on the physical and chemical properties of granite heated at 25–800°C.The mechanical and physical properties involved in this study included uniaxial compression strength,peak strain,modulus,P-wave velocity,mass and volume,the change of which could reflect the sensitivity of granite to the cooling rate.Acoustic emission(AE)monitoring,microscopic observation,and X-ray diffraction(XRD)are used to analyze the underlying damage mechanism.It is found that more AE signals and large-scale cracks are accounted for based on the b-value method when the specimens are cooled by water.Furthermore,the microscopic observation by polarized light microscopy indicates that the density,opening degree,and connectivity of the cracks under water cooling mode are higher than that under natural cooling mode.In addition,the XRD illustrates that there is no obvious change in mineral content and diffraction angle at different temperatures,which confirms that the change of mechanical properties is not related to the chemical properties.The present conclusion can provide a perspective to assess the damage caused by different cooling methods to hot rocks.

喜马拉雅造山带聂拉木地区渐新世深熔作用的厘定

喜马拉雅新生代淡色花岗岩记录了地壳深熔作用和花岗岩侵位的地球化学和构造物理效应。与形成于增厚地壳条件下和伸展背景下的始新世和中新世花岗岩相比,渐新世花岗岩分布比较局限,且源区和形成机制还存在着较大的争议。位于喜马拉雅造山带中部的聂拉木地区,可见32.1Ma的含电气石黑云母的花岗岩、29.8Ma的含黑云母的花岗岩、26.6Ma的含电气石黑云母的伟晶花岗岩侵入到高喜马拉雅岩系上部。这三组渐新世花岗岩具有以下特征:(1)较高的SiO_(2)、Al_(2)O_(3)、K_(2)O和Na_(2)O,A/CNK>1.0;(2)Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr和Ti的负异常;(3)略微富集轻稀土,亏损中稀土和重稀土,高度变化的Eu异常和微弱的负Nd异常;(4)均一的初始Sr-Nd同位素比值,^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr(t)=0.7463~0.7471,ε_(Nd)(t)=-15.0~-14.6。此外,含电气石黑云母的花岗岩和含电气石黑云母的伟晶花岗岩具有较高的Sr和Ba,较低的Rb/Sr比值,其Rb/Sr比值与Ba和Sr含量都无相关性,表明其为富B流体参与高喜马拉雅变沉积岩含水部分熔融作用的产物。而含黑云母的花岗岩具有较低的Sr和Ba,较高的Rb/Sr比值,且其Rb/Sr比值与Ba和Sr含量显示明显的负相关关系,表明其为变沉积岩发生脱水熔融作用的产物。综合喜马拉雅造山带已有的研究成果,得出以下认识:渐新世花岗岩的源区从下地壳基性物质转变为中地壳变泥质岩,展示了源区向上迁移的过程,并经历了一期重要的岩浆热液交代作用;渐新世深熔作用记录了造山带从缩短增厚向伸展垮塌转换阶段深部地壳的响应,从而促使了高喜马拉雅岩系的折返。