INVESTIGATION OF SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN HIGH-EFFICIENCY DEEP GRINDING

A new thermal model with triangular heat flux distribution is given in high-efficiency deep grinding. The mathematical expressions are driven to calculate the surface temperature. The transient behavior of the maximum temperature on contact area is investigated in different grinding conditions with a J-type thermocouple. The maximum contact temperatures measured in different conditions are found to be between 1 000 ℃ and 1 500 ℃ in burn-out conditions. The experiment results show good agreement with the new thermal model.

Optimization Design of the Grinding Wheel Topography for High Efficiency Grinding

On the basis of the measurement of grains distribution on the grinding wheel surface, many experiential models of the grinding wheel topography were set up. But it is pity that few of them yield practical and valuable achievement as yet. The essential reason is that the common foundation of all these models was based on the actual measurement of specific wheel topography. So it didn’t have universal applicability. Considering that the absolute irregular distribution of grains is not the requirement of the grinding process, contrarily it will bring much negative influence to grinding process. By conversely reasoning, a new conception on the relatively regular and reasonable distribution of grains on the wheel surface in accordance with different machining demands is put forward in this paper, and furthermore a creative idea of optimization design of grinding wheel topography in accordance with machining demands and grinding parameters as well as the optimization of grinding parameters in accordance with machining demands and grinding wheel topography is proposed. In the light of this idea, not only the modeling and simulation of grinding process can be really carried out, but also the optimization of grinding process and the estimation of grinding results can be realized straightway. In conclusion, a superabrasive slotted grinding wheel is designed as a practical application of the optimization model and a creep feed deep grinding experiment is carried out to verify the optimization results.

Applications of High-Efficiency Abrasive Process with CBN Grinding Wheel

High-efficiency abrasive process with CBN grinding wheel is one of the important techniques of advanced manufacture. Combined with raw and finishing machining, it can attain high material removal rate like turning, milling and planning. The difficult-to-grinding materials can also be ground by means of this method with high performance. In the present paper, development status and latest progresses on high-efficiency abrasive machining technologies with CBN grinding wheel relate to high speed and super-high speed grinding, quick point-grinding, high efficiency deep-cut grinding, creep feed deep grinding, heavy-duty snagging and abrasive belt grinding were summarized. The efficiency and parameters range of these abrasive machining processes were compared. The key technologies of high efficiency abrasive machining, including grinding wheel, spindle and bearing, grinder, coolant supplying, installation and orientation of wheel and workpiece and safety defended, as well as intelligent monitor and NC grinding were investigated. It is concluded that high efficiency abrasive machining is a promising technology in the future.

Research on Experimental and Application for the High Efficient Enrichment of the Low-grade Precious Metal Materials

On the basis of reviewing the progress in the high efficient enrichment from secondary resources of low grade precious metals at home and abroad, a process route of the high efficient enrichment precious metals from secondary resources of low-grade metals by adding iron oxide as the trapping agent, reducing agent, additive, mixing uniformly and grinding, pelletizing, reduction, grinding and separation, and selectively acid leaching iron has been put forward in this paper. The experiments of reduction, grinding and separation, and selectively acid leaching iron were carried out mainly. Under the decided experiment parameters and conditions, iron generated during the reduction can trap precious metals during reduction, high active alloy powders were obtained from the reduced products by grinding and separation, the concentration of precious metals was obtained by acid leaching high active alloy powders. The better enrichment effect was obtained by adopting the technical route of processing. Other low grade noble metal materials and enrichment ratio of precious metals from the materials to acid products was high through acid leaching. This process has the advantages of simple process, environmental-friendly, strong adaptability of raw materials, high concentration ratio, which was regarded as a kind of the general efficient enrichment technology of low grade precious metal materials.

STUDY ON A NEW TYPE OF THROW-AWAY SOFT GRINDING WHEELS

In accordance with the difficult problems of belt cross vibrations and effects of belt tension on machine spindle precision in abrasive belt grinding, a new soft grinding wheel is put forward, which is provided with the advantages of belt grinding and can he installed directly on the grinding machine spindle substituting for common grinding wheels. The new soft grinding wheel does not need any ancillary facilities and dressing devices in banding. With analyzing error of wheel and grinding experiment, the high-efficiency grinding characteristics grinding hard-brittle materials has been obtained.

Fundamental studies on enhancing heat transfer in contact zone during high efficiency grinding

On the basis of research on the thermal effect in grinding contact zone during high effi-ciency grinding, an idea of enhancing heat transfer in contact zone using high pressure water jetimpinging is advanced. Fundamental heat transfer experiments on enhancing heat transfer withhigh pressure water jet impinging were completed. The maximum speed of jet impinging reaches110m/s. The experimental results of transient and steady-state experiment prove that the criticalheat flux and the heat-transfer coefficient of water jet impinging are 70 and 30 times those of thepool boiling, respectively. Furthermore, a new grinding fluid supply system was employed to en-hance heat transfer in grinding zone by high-pressure water jet impingement during creep feedgrinding. The experimental results show that high-pressure water jet impinging has remarkablecooling effect. The temperature of the workpiece surface can be steadily kept below 100℃, whilethe workpiece is badly burnt with conventional coolant supply. The study will exploit an importantresearch orientation that has great potentialities in the high efficiency grinding. Further perfectionof this study will not only enable us to increase the available material removal rate to a new levelbut also solve the workpiece burn problem of the difficult-to-machining materials in high efficiencygrinding,

生料辊压机终粉磨系统节能减碳实践中存在的问题与对策

因原材料水分大、系统烘干能力不足、设备阻力大、高效选粉机结构缺陷等原因造成生料辊压机终粉磨系统运行不稳定且循环负荷大、停机次数较多、系统阻力大、循环风机拉风过大、细度跑粗现象,导致生料工段电耗偏高、成品细度合格率低。对物料特性、工艺流程、设备选型及运行、成品细度进行热工诊断和研究分析,并实施相应的设备、工艺及系统操作优化措施。优化后,生料辊压机终粉磨系统工段电耗降低了2.2kWh/t,选粉效率提升,成品细度明显改善,实现提质增效,节能减碳的目的。

破碎方式对齐大山贫赤铁矿石磨矿性能的影响

与传统破碎设备相比,高压辊磨机具有破碎效率高、单位能耗低、所得产品可直接进行粗粒抛尾的优点。以齐大山贫赤铁矿石为实验原料,分别考察了高压辊磨机和圆锥破碎机破碎产品的磨矿产品粒度分布、磨矿技术效率、Bond球磨功指数,以对比不同破碎产品的磨矿性能。结果表明,在相同磨矿条件下,与圆锥破碎产品相比,高压辊磨产品的后续磨矿产品中粗粒级含量减少,细粒级含量增加,磨矿时间为9 min时,+0.15 mm粒级减少9.41百分点,-0.031 mm粒级增加6.45百分点;磨矿产品中-0.074 mm粒级含量低于70%时,磨矿技术效率有所偏低,-0.074 mm粒级含量达到80%及以上时,磨矿技术效率略高。高压辊磨产品的磨矿能耗显著低于圆锥破碎产品,控制不同筛孔尺寸下,高压辊磨产品的Bond球磨功指数较圆锥破碎产品低2.74%~10.84%。本研究成果对高压辊磨机在矿石粉碎中的应用有一定的指导意义。

焊缝高效精密磨抛智能技术研究进展

焊接表面的缺陷严重影响焊接结构件的后续加工和服役,焊缝的高效精密磨抛是获得焊缝高质量表面的关键技术之一,研究焊缝高效精密磨抛具有重大意义。聚焦于焊缝高效精密磨抛的智能技术,总结焊缝磨抛的特点,从基本磨抛原理和模型、智能磨抛设备以及力控算法和基于视觉技术的焊缝高效精密磨抛3个方面详细阐述了焊缝磨抛智能技术的发展现状;最后阐述智能技术给焊缝高效精密磨抛技术带来的机遇与挑战,提出该领域亟待解决的问题。

超高速磨削技术在机械制造领域中的应用

概述了超高速磨削加工的起源、发展历程和现状·总结了超高速磨削的优越性和若干特点·介绍了高效深磨、超高速精密磨削、难磨材料的超高速磨削在机械制造领域的应用和超高速磨削的绿色加工特性·高速和超高速磨削是提高磨削效率、降低工件表面粗糙度和提高零件加工质量的先进加工技术·超高速磨削能越过磨削'热沟',减少传入工件的磨削热,从而避免或减少工件表面磨削'烧伤',产生残余压应力的加工表面·超高速磨削可以对硬脆材料实现延性域磨削加工,对高塑性、高强度等难加工材料也有良好的磨削性能·

工程陶瓷材料高效深磨的试验研究

针对如何提高工程陶瓷加工效率,改善陶瓷零件的表面质量这一问题,对氧化锆、氮化硅和氧化铝三种陶瓷材料进行高效深磨的试验研究。单位砂轮宽度磨除率达120mm3/(mm·s),最大磨削深度为6mm。在此试验的基础上,对不同砂轮线速度、磨削深度和工件进给速度对陶瓷材料的磨削表面状况、磨削力、比磨削能和去除方式的影响进行研究。结果表明:随着砂轮线速度增加,磨削深度减小,将导致最大未变形切削厚度减小,单位面积磨削力减小,比磨削能增加,磨削表面的塑性痕迹增加,脆性断裂痕迹减少。在陶瓷材料的高速超高速磨削中采用较大切深,能提高磨削效率且表面质量变化不大。

不同破碎方式下磨矿技术效率

对高压辊磨机（HPGR）产品和圆锥破碎机（CC）产品的磨矿技术效率进行对比研究,评价不同破碎方式后的磨矿效果。相对于圆锥产品,辊压产品个别粒级分布的“双峰”特征更加明显,平均粒度较小,分布更加不均匀。辊压产品所需要的磨矿时间短、可磨性好。对于粒径小于2.0 mm全粒级给矿和粒径小于0.5 mm给矿,辊压产品的磨矿技术效率低,降低的幅度随着磨矿细度的增加而降低直至两者的磨矿技术效率相当;对于粒径在0.5～2.0mm范围给矿,辊压产品的磨矿技术效率与圆锥产品的相当甚至略高。基于此,提出一种高压辊磨机超细碎-分级磨矿新工艺,该工艺既可大幅降低一段磨机的入磨量,又可提高磨矿技术效率,减弱整体磨矿过程中的过粉碎。

高速高效磨削加工及其关键技术

介绍了超高速磨削、高效深磨、缓进给磨削和砂带磨削等各种高效磨削,比较了各种磨削工艺的效率及应用参数范围。分析了高速高效磨削的关键技术,阐述了实现高速高效磨削的主要途径。

工程陶瓷高效深磨磨削力和损伤的研究

采用树脂结合剂金刚石砂轮,对氧化铝和氧化锆等2种工程陶瓷进行高效深磨磨削加工.测量了磨削力,并对磨削表面形貌和亚表面损伤进行了观测.揭示了这2种工程陶瓷的高效深磨材料去除机理,氧化铝陶瓷主要为脆性去除,而氧化锆则是局部的横向裂纹和塑性去除.提出了磨粒的平均磨削力公式,讨论了磨粒的平均法向磨削力对陶瓷材料去除机理和磨削损伤的影响.

难加工材料高效精密磨削技术研究进展

针对难加工材料特点,分析了典型难加工材料的磨削特性,综述了缓进给磨削、精密超精密磨削在难加工材料磨削加工领域的国内外研究进展。介绍了高效深磨技术的原理及其在难加工材料磨削中的应用现状,指出高效深磨技术能够实现对难加工材料的优质而高效的加工,具有广泛的应用前景,并指出了高效深磨技术应用于难加工材料磨削加工的进一步研究方向。

高效深磨中磨削温度和表面烧伤研究

介绍了一种高效深磨的磨削热模型———圆弧热源模型 ,该模型和直线倾斜平面模型相比改进了温度的预测 ;给出了圆弧热源磨削温度的积分公式和量纲一温度计算式 ;详细分析了热流量 ,推导了工件、砂轮、磨削液和磨屑的对流因子计算公式 ,在此基础上给出了最大接触温度的计算公式 ;使用J形热电偶测量了磨削接触面接近磨削烧伤时的最高磨削温度和磨削液沸腾的温度。实验结果与理论计算值对比表明 。

氮化硅陶瓷高效深磨温度的研究

采用K型可磨热电偶对氮化硅陶瓷高效深磨的温度进行了测量,讨论高效深磨中不同磨削参数对磨削区温度和能量分配的影响。研究结果显示,氮化硅陶瓷高效深磨中,磨削区温度通常在200～300℃之间,磨削能量分配系数在2%～5%之间。这表明大部分热量被磨屑和冷却液带走,避免了磨削区的高温。磨削区温度与弧区的平均热流密度有着较好的线性关系,即热流密度越高对应的磨削区温度越高。当砂轮线速度或磨削深度高于临界值时,磨削弧区的温度先逐渐升高到约250℃,然后急剧上升至接近干磨时的温度。

磨削加工技术的发展趋势

综述了磨削加工的发展趋势,主要包括高速磨削、超高速磨削、精密和超精密磨削、缓进给磨削、高效深切磨削、砂带磨削及绿色磨削技术。分析了超高速磨削加工的机理及超高速磨削的优越性。阐述了高速超高速磨削加工技术的发展前景。

高效率磨粒加工技术发展及关键技术

高效率磨粒加工是先进制造方法的重要组成部分,集粗精加工与一身,达到可与车、铣和刨削等切削加工方法相媲美的金属磨除率,而且能实现对难磨材料的高性能加工。阐述了高速超高速磨削、快速点磨削、高效深切磨削、缓进给磨削、高速重负荷荒磨以及砂带磨削等高效率磨粒加工技术的国内外的发展及最新研究进展。研究了高效磨削砂轮、主轴及其轴承技术、高效率磨床、磨削液供给技术、砂轮、工件安装定位及安全防护技术以及磨削状态检测及数控技术等实现高效率磨粒加工的关键技术,分析了发展高效率磨粒加工的重要性。

工程陶瓷磨削温度研究的进展

介绍了工程陶瓷磨削温度的研究现状,阐述了磨削温度对陶瓷材料的去除机理的重要影响和几种磨削温度的理论计算方法,分析了两种工程陶瓷磨削中工件热分配系数模型,讨论了两种温度测量技术。总结了磨削参数与表面磨削温度的关系,讨论了用磨削液等方法来抑制磨削热。最后展望了工程陶瓷高速高效磨削温度研究的发展趋势。