The Implementation of a High Efficiency Full-Bridge Converter

A high efficiency full-bridge converter is investigated and implemented in this paper. The measured data result from the other converter implemented by IC UCC3895 is to compare with that of the previous converter. This full-bridge converter proposed and implemented converter can obtain about 96% power efficiency in conversion procedure when compared with that of 90%, which were ever published by the conventional techniques. Apart from, the L-C resonance circuits were developed and embedded into the popular PWM (pulse width modulation) power converter, which is referred as the soft-switching, so as to down sizing the volume of the IC which can totally reduces the power losses caused in the duration of a semi-con- ductor switching.

ANovel Non-Isolated Cubic DC-DC Converter with High Voltage Gain for Renewable Energy Power Generation System

In recent years,switched inductor(SL)technology,switched capacitor(SC)technology,and switched inductor-capacitor(SL-SC)technology have been widely applied to optimize and improve DC-DC boost converters,which can effectively enhance voltage gain and reduce device stress.To address the issue of low output voltage in current renewable energy power generation systems,this study proposes a novel non-isolated cubic high-gain DC-DC converter based on the traditional quadratic DC-DC boost converter by incorporating a SC and a SL-SC unit.Firstly,the proposed converter’s details are elaborated,including its topology structure,operating mode,voltage gain,device stress,and power loss.Subsequently,a comparative analysis is conducted on the voltage gain and device stress between the proposed converter and other high-gain converters.Then,a closed-loop simulation system is constructed to obtain simulation waveforms of various devices and explore the dynamic performance.Finally,an experimental prototype is built,experimental waveforms are obtained,and the experimental dynamic performance and conversion efficiency are analyzed.The theoretical analysis’s correctness is verified through simulation and experimental results.The proposed converter has advantages such as high voltage gain,low device stress,high conversion efficiency,simple control,and wide input voltage range,achieving a good balance between voltage gain,device stress,and power loss.The proposed converter is well-suited for renewable energy systems and holds theoretical significance and practical value in renewable energy applications.It provides an effective solution to the issue of low output voltage in renewable energy power generation systems.

A high performance adaptive on-time controlled valley-current-mode DC–DC buck converter

This paper presents an AOT-controlled(adaptive-on-time,AOT)valley-current-mode buck converter for portable application.The buck converter with synchronous rectifier not only uses valley-current-mode control but also possesses hybridmode control functions at the same time.Due to the presence of the zero-current detection circuit,the converter can switch freely between the two operating modes without the need for an external mode selection circuit,which further reduces the design difficulty and chip area.The converter for the application of high power efficiency and wide current range is used to generate the voltage of 0.6–3.0 V with a battery source of 3.3–5.0 V,while the load current range is 0.05–2 A.The circuit can work in continuous conduction mode with constant frequency in high load current range.In addition,a stable output voltage can be obtained with small voltage ripple.In pace with the load current decreases to a critical value,the converter transforms into the discontinuous conduction mode smoothly.As the switching period increases,the switching loss decreases,which can significantly improve the conversion efficiency.The proposed AOT controlled valley current mode buck converter is integrated with standard 0.18μm process and the simulation results show that the converter provides well-loaded regulations with power efficiency over 95%.When the circuit switches between the two conduction modes drastically,the response time can be controlled within 30μs.The undershoot voltage is controlled within 25 mV under a large current hopping range.

Tunable circularly-polarized turnstile-junction mode converter for high-power microwave applications

Frequency tunability has become a subject of concern in the field of high-power microwave（HPM） source research.However, little information about the corresponding mode converter is available. A tunable circularly-polarized turnstilejunction mode converter（TCTMC） for high-power microwave applications is presented in this paper. The input coaxial TEM mode is transformed into TE（10） mode with different phase delays in four rectangular waveguides and then converted into a circularly-polarized TE（11） circular waveguide mode. Besides, the rods are added to reduce or even eliminate the reflection. The innovations in this study are as follows. The tunning mechanism is added to the mode converter, which can change the effective length of rectangular waveguide and the distance between the rods installed upstream and the closest edge of the rectangular waveguide, thus improving the conversion efficiency and bandwidth. The conversion efficiency of TCTMC can reach above 98% over the frequency range of 1.42 GHz–2.29 GHz, and the frequency tunning bandwidth is about 47%. Significantly, TCTMC can obtain continuous high conversion efficiency of different frequency points with the change of tuning mechanism.

Numerical simulation of the flow field of a flat torque converter

A flexible flat torque converter was proposed to fulfill the requirement of miniaturization and power density maximization for automobiles.Constructed by two arcs joined by lines,the torus was designed directly from design path.The influence of flatness on the performance of the torque converter was evaluated.The software CFX and standard k-ε model were adopted to simulate the internal flow fields of the torque converter under different flatness ratios.The results indicated that the performance of the torque converter got worse as the flatness declined,but the capacity of pump increased.The efficiency and the torque ratio dropped slightly as the flatness ratio decreased.So the torque converter could be squashed appropriately to get high power density without too much efficiency sacrifice.But when the flatness ratio was below 0.2,there was a significant drop in the efficiency.

一种星载高效率电源的样机研制

针对星载合成孔径雷达电源高效率抗辐射的需求,对适用于星载领域的各种电源拓朴结构进行了对比分析,提出一种同步整流正激变换器拓扑方案。该方案采用单管栅极电荷保持驱动拓扑,解决了变压器死区时间续流管驱动问题,并对电路原理以及抗辐射加固方法进行详细说明,给出电路组成、关键器件和参数计算方法。根据所提方案制作了一台输入50 V~70 V、输出5 V/6 A的样机。实验结果表明:该电源具有高效率和抗辐射的特点,验证了技术方案的准确性,可以满足星载电源的需求。

高频链AC-DC矩阵变换器的变控制频率软开关调制策略

针对高频链AC-DC矩阵变换器的高效率要求,提出了一种变控制频率软开关调制策略。该调制策略在基于零矢量嵌入的分段同步控制策略基础上,以单控制周期平均功率不变为原则,通过改变控制周期长度,并调整一个控制周期内的电压矢量排布,优化脉冲宽度,使变换器在换流时全部开关器件的零电压开通成为可能。通过仿真分析和实验证明,采用本文提出的变控制频率调制策略,变换器在整流和逆变模式下,均可实现网侧电流三相平衡正弦,功率因数达到0.981,输出电压纹波小,最高效率达到96.9%,实现了高性能、高效率运行。

高频双频Buck变换器平面集成磁件优化设计

针对目前开关器件和磁性元件性能不足导致双频Buck变换器的效率和功率密度低的问题,研究了一种高效高功率密度的双频Buck变换器。变换器将工作在连续导通(CCM)模式,采用解耦合的平面集成电感器完成系统磁元件的集成,结合磁件的集成方法、有限的PCB层数和变换器的特性给出双频Buck变换器的参数,然后,提出了一种双频Buck变换器平面磁件的设计方法,并完成系统磁元件的优化设计。最后,基于第3代半导体SiC器件以及平面集成磁件,设计了额定功率200 W、开关频率400 kHz的双频Buck变换器。结果表明:该变换器峰值效率将达到96.1%,功率密度为46.1 W/in^(3)(1 in=25.4 mm),验证了双频Buck变换器设计方法的正确性和有效性。

基于平面磁元件的LLC变换器相关参数的整体优化设计方法

平面磁心和印制电路板(PCB)绕组的可定制化设计和可重复性制造,为进一步提高LLC变换器的效率和功率密度提供条件。对于工作频率、谐振腔参数、平面磁元件尺寸等数量多、连续性强、对变换器整体效率影响存在耦合关系的设计参数,采用传统的分步优化设计方法难以实现变换器最高整体效率。为此该文提出一种基于平面磁元件的LLC变换器工作频率、谐振腔参数和平面磁元件尺寸的整体优化设计方法,在满足实际工程要求的前提下,以实现理论最高峰值效率为目标,可进一步得到全局最优的设计参数。基于此方法设计一台3 kW高效率、高密度LLC变换器,并进行了实验验证。实验结果表明:变换器功率密度510 W/in^(3)(1in3=1.63871×10^(-5) m^(3)),峰值效率99.0%,满载效率98.3%,与所提出的设计方法得到的理论结果接近,证明了该设计方法的正确性和有效性。

宽增益高效谐振型直流变换器技术

直流变换器广泛应用于电动汽车充电系统与光伏发电系统,如何适应输入/输出电压大范围变化,实现直流变换器的宽增益和高传输效率为学术界和工业界所关注。其中,LLC、LLC_LC、LLCLC谐振变换器虽具有高功率密度、低电磁干扰等特性,但存在磁元件与谐振网络参数设计难度大,造成变换器输出不稳定等不足,难以满足实际应用的要求。为此,提出了宽增益高效谐振型直流变换器技术。首先总结了谐振型直流变换器的基本原理,围绕其拓扑结构及调制策略的国内外研究进展,重点就宽增益与高效谐振型直流变换器应用需求进行阐述。然后分析了LLC_LC、LLCLC多模式PWM倍压整流变换器拓扑及调制策略。最后结合仿真与实验验证结果,证明了该宽增益高效谐振型直流变换器拓扑及其调制策略的有效性,最高可实现输出电压范围为1~6.2,转换效率达96.1%,具有较宽广的应用前景。

一种组合式宽输入高效率DC-DC变换器

针对车载DC-DC变换器输入电压变化范围大的问题,提出一种组合式宽输入高效率DC-DC变换器。该变换器包括飞跨电容(FC)型三电平Buck电路和LLC谐振电路两部分,FC三电平Buck电路输出端口与LLC谐振电路输入端口串联,通过控制FC三电平Buck电路占空比实现输出电压调节以适应宽输入电压范围,同时三电平结构降低了开关管电压应力、减小了损耗;LLC谐振电路传输负载所需全部功率,采用定频开环控制以获得高效率和稳定增益,同时实现了电气隔离。详细分析了组合式变换器的拓扑结构、直流增益以及工作效率,并与相同电路构成的级联式变换器进行了效率特性对比,根据组合式变换器的拓扑结构和工作特性,提出一种解耦控制策略,实现输出电压稳定和飞跨电容电压平衡,最后搭建了一个200~400 V输入、12 V/20 A输出的实验电路进行验证,实验结果表明所提组合式变换器的正确性和可行性。

基于超表面的交叉极化转换器设计

针对目前对极化转换器高性能的需求,提出了一种新型的反射型交叉极化转换器。基于超表面结构,极化转换器由顶层周期排列的金属图案、中间介质板和金属底板三部分组成。研究表明,在9.38~23.78 GHz频率范围内,该结构可实现极化转换率(Polarization Conversion Ratio,PCR)高于95%的交叉极化转换,其中四个谐振峰处极化转换率接近100%。此外,转换带宽为14.4 GHz,相对带宽为86.9%。该结构简单、损耗小、成本低、易于加工与集成,在微波通信、测量和成像等领域有广泛的应用前景。

大功率LLC变换器的谐振参数优化设计

LLC变换器具有实现原边零电压开通和副边零电流关断的软开关特性,其功率密度高,在车载电源、LED等领域被广泛应用。但LLC谐振变换器由于工作的复杂性,导致谐振参数缺乏一种有效且明确的设计方法。论文基于基波近似法(first harmonic approximation,FHA)对传统的增益公式进一步化简,提出了一种简单明确的谐振参数设计方法。为了验证此方法设计的参数最优性,制作了一台7.5 kW的实验样机。输出电压范围为100 V~375 V,而且可在200 V~375 V的电压范围内实现7.5 kW的恒功率输出,整机平均效率达到95%以上,峰值效率可达到96.7%。实验结果表明,提出的参数设计方法可最大化地提高变换器效率。

便携式XRF能谱仪中锂离子电池恒压转换器的研究

便携式XRF能谱仪采用锂离子电池供电,锂离子电池放电过程中,输出电压随时间逐渐减小,影响能谱仪检测结果。为消除该不利影响,采用Buck-Boost拓扑结构,基于LTC3789设计宽输入范围、高转换效率的恒压转换器,将锂离子电池转换为恒电压输出。详细介绍了恒压转换器的设计过程,并对其功能和效率进行实验,结果表明:该恒压转换器输出电压稳定,转换效率高,满足使用要求。

A reflecting-type highly efficient terahertz cross-polarization converter based on metamaterials

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a wideband linear polarization converter in a reflection mode operating from 2.4 to 4.2 THz with conversion efficiency of more than 80%. Our device can expand the applications to a higher frequency band. A numerical simulation is performed for this metamaterial converter, which shows a good agreement with experimental results. Importantly, a concise and intuitive calculating model is proposed for the Fabry–Pérot cavity. The theoretical results indicate that the underlying reason for the enhanced polarization conversion is the additional phase difference induced by the resonance of the meta-structure and multiple reflections within the Fabry–Pérot cavity.

A novel buck/LDO dual-mode DC–DC converter for efficiency improvement

A novel buck/LDO dual-mode （BLDM） converter using a multiplexing power MOS transistor is proposed, which adaptively switches between buck mode and LDO mode to improve conversion efficiency. The chip was fabricated in a standard 0.35 #m CMOS process. Measurement results show that the peak efficiency is 97%. For the light load operation, the efficiency is improved by 14%. The efficiency keeps higher than 82.5% for the load current of 50 mA without any complex control or extra EMI due to the normal method of pulse frequency modulation （PFM） control used for improving the light load efficiency. It does not cost much extra chip area because no additional regulator PMOS is needed. It is more suitable for noise-restricted systems and battery-powered electronic devices for when battery voltage drops because of long hours of work.

A 1500 mA,10 MHz on-time controlled buck converter with ripple compensation and efficiency optimization

A 1500 mA,10 MHz self-adaptive on-time （SOT） controlled buck DC-DC converter is presented. Both a low-cost ripple compensation scheme （RCS） and a self-adaptive on-time generator （SAOTG） are proposed to solve the system stability and frequency variation problem. Meanwhile a self-adaptive power transistor sizing （SAPTS） technique is used to optimize the efficiency especially with a heavy load. The circuit is implemented in a 2P4M 0.35μm CMOS process. A small external inductor of 0.47 μH and a capacitor of 4.7 μF are used to lower the cost of the converter and keep the output ripple to less than 10 mV. The measurement results show that the overshoot of the load transient response is 8 mV @ 200 mA step and the dynamic voltage scaling （DVS） performance is a rise of 16/zs/V and a fall of 20 μs/V. With a SAPTS technique and PFM control, the efficiency is maintained at more than 81% for a load range of 20 to 1500 mA and the peak efficiency reaches 88.43%.

一种高效率半桥LLC型的AC/DC变换器设计

AC/DC开关电源是电力系统的主要动力来源,其发展趋势是:容量大、功率密度大、效率高、功率因数低、谐波含量低。但现有的数字电源仍存在着一些普遍问题:抗干扰能力差、结构功能简单、无法满足电厂和变电站等相关场所使用需求。设计了一种基于芯片控制的半桥开关电源,对其主电路进行了理论分析,并对EMI整流滤波电路、PFC功率因数校正电路、LLC半桥电路等电路进行了详细的设计。实验测试结果表明,该设计合理,具有大容量、高效率、高功率因数、低纹波等特点,能够充分满足目前的市场需求。

一种具有高负载电流驱动能力的输出可调节稳压电源

提出了一种新的采用全集成片上SC DC-DC变换器实现高负载电流驱动能力的输出可调节稳压电源。它利用两个2-1降压型拓扑的组合来构建成一个4-3降压型拓扑,采用MOS电容作为飞跨电容和负载电容,以最大限度地提高功率密度;采用大范围的脉冲频率调制技术和跨导运算放大器以及饿电流压控振荡器进行调节,来提供高负载电流和高效率;实验结果表明,提出的设计在5 V的输入电压下能提供2.6 V到3.2 V范围的稳压电源输出,在3.2 V的输出电源电压,当提供8 mA负载电流时,可获得75%的峰值效率,在2.5 mW到48 mW的大范围输出功率内,显示出比理想线性稳压器更好的效率;采用的18相并联交织技术使得最坏情况下的输出电压纹波小于负载电压的5.7%;在PVT变化的情况下,负载调节和效率都是鲁棒的。