A fluidized bed jet milling process was used to make micro-fine high Nb-containing TiAl alloyed powders from the chippings obtained by crushing the Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-(W,B,Y) ingot.The influences of classifier frequency on...A fluidized bed jet milling process was used to make micro-fine high Nb-containing TiAl alloyed powders from the chippings obtained by crushing the Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-(W,B,Y) ingot.The influences of classifier frequency on powder characteristics were investigated.The results show that the powders with controlled average particle size can be prepared on a large scale.The powders with different sizes are all dominated by γ with aminor amount of α2-Ti3Al.The particle size significantly decreases with the classifier frequency increasing.At a classifier frequency higher than 38 Hz,the average particle size of the ground powders is lower than 25μm.The powders are composed of two differ-ent sizes of particles:shaped particles and some clastic particles,and both particle sizes meet the log-normal distribution.With the classifier frequency increasing,the both sizes decrease;meanwhile,the proportion of the clastic particles gradually increases,and the size distribution span value of the ground powders increases correspondingly.展开更多
Turning machining induced microstructural instability was investigated in a fully lamellar Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-（W,B,Y） alloy during high temperature exposure.After turning machining followed by thermal exposure at900 or 1...Turning machining induced microstructural instability was investigated in a fully lamellar Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-（W,B,Y） alloy during high temperature exposure.After turning machining followed by thermal exposure at900 or 1000℃ for 100,300 and 500 h,a depth-dependent gradient microstructure with random orientations was produced in the region close to the machining surface.Two typical layers,a fine-grained（FG） layer with equiaxed grains and a coarse-grained（CG） layer with elongated grains,are formed in this region in transversal direction.The thickness of the two layers is up to 120 urn after thermal exposure at 1000℃ for 500 h,which is less than the depth of the hardened region（200 μm） after turning machining.Most of the new grains in FG and CG layers are constituted of γ single phase,while short α_2 segments and few B2 particles are precipitated at the γ/γ interface or inside the γ grains.Recrystallization and phase boundary bulging are found to be the major mechanisms responsible for lamellar degradation in FG layer and CG layer,respectively.The residual deformation energy stored is considered to be the main driving force of this process.展开更多
In order to improve the high temperature oxidation resistance of TiAl alloy, Y modified silicide coatings were prepared by pack cementation process at 1030, 1080 and 1130 °C, respectively, for 5 h. The microstruc...In order to improve the high temperature oxidation resistance of TiAl alloy, Y modified silicide coatings were prepared by pack cementation process at 1030, 1080 and 1130 °C, respectively, for 5 h. The microstructures, phase constitutions and oxidation behavior of these coatings were studied. The results show that the coating prepared by co-depositing Si?Y at 1080 °C for 5 h has a multiple layer structure: a superficial zone consisting of Al-rich (Ti,Nb)5Si4 and (Ti,Nb)5Si3, an out layer consisting of (Ti,Nb)Si2, a middle layer consisting of (Ti,Nb)5Si4 and (Ti,Nb)5Si3, and aγ-TiAl inner layer. Co-deposition temperature imposes strong influences on the coating structure. The coating prepared by Si?Y co-depositing at 1080 °C for 5 h shows relatively good oxidation resistance at 1000 °C in air, and the oxidation rate constant of the coating is about two orders of magnitude lower than that of the bare TiAl alloy.展开更多
High temperature corrsoion and protection of trtanium alloys and TiAl intermetallics are reviewed, andsome suggestions on the development of protective coatings are put forward.
High Nb containing TiAl alloy was fabricated in argon atmosphere by reactive hot pressing process. Reaction mechanism was investigated by means of microstructural analyses and thermodynamic calculations. The results s...High Nb containing TiAl alloy was fabricated in argon atmosphere by reactive hot pressing process. Reaction mechanism was investigated by means of microstructural analyses and thermodynamic calculations. The results show that it is feasible to prepare high Nb containing TiAl alloy with fine lamellar colonies by reactive hot pressing process. The reaction between Ti and Al powders is dominant in Ti-Al-Nb system. Nb powders dissolve into the Ti-Al matrix by diffusion. Pore nests are formed in situ after Nb powders diffusion. The hot pressing atmosphere is optimized by thermodynamic calculations. Vacuum or argon protective atmosphere should be adopted.展开更多
High niobium β-γ TiAl alloy(HNBG) was diffusion bonded using spark plasma sintering with pure Ti as interlayer. The joint microstructural evolution, growth kinetics and mechanical properties were investigated. The j...High niobium β-γ TiAl alloy(HNBG) was diffusion bonded using spark plasma sintering with pure Ti as interlayer. The joint microstructural evolution, growth kinetics and mechanical properties were investigated. The joint included three diffusion zones. The β/B2 phase formed in the Zone Ⅰ, α_(2)phase in the Zone Ⅱ, and β-Ti and α-Ti phases in the Zone Ⅲ. The thickness of β/B2 phase, the average grain size of α_(2)phase and the amount of β-Ti phase increased with the increase of bonding temperature or bonding time. The growth activation energies of β/B2 and α_(2)phases were 582 and 253 kJ/mol, respectively. The joint acquired at 1000 °C, 10 min and 10 MPa showed the maximum shear strength of 308 MPa. Fracture mainly occurred along the interfaces between Zone Ⅰ and HNBG alloy, and between Zone I and Zone Ⅱ. Fracture mechanism of the joint was characterized by brittleness rupture along the phase boundary.展开更多
A TiAl alloy was fabricated by high-energy ball milling and subsequent reactive sintering from the mixed powders of Ti and Al. High-energy ball milling produced a kind of particular composite powders with an extremely...A TiAl alloy was fabricated by high-energy ball milling and subsequent reactive sintering from the mixed powders of Ti and Al. High-energy ball milling produced a kind of particular composite powders with an extremely fine altemative Ti and Al lamella structure. The composite powders not only possessed good consolidation and densification characteristics, but also resulted in the augment of nucleation rate of α and γ titanium aluminides during solid-phase reactive sintering After a series of processing, pressing, degassing, extrusion, and sintering, the resultant TiAl alloy presented high relative density and refined grain sizes of （α2 ＋ γ） lamella and γ phases. The compressive yield strength of the sintered TiAl reached 600 MPa at 800℃.展开更多
Carbon is an important alloying element in improving high temperature mechanical properties of various metallic materials.The effects of carbon on high temperature mechanical properties of aβ-stabilized Ti?45Al?3Fe?2...Carbon is an important alloying element in improving high temperature mechanical properties of various metallic materials.The effects of carbon on high temperature mechanical properties of aβ-stabilized Ti?45Al?3Fe?2Mo(molar fraction,%)alloy were studied through compressive and creep tests.The results show that the carbon addition(0.5%,molar fraction)obviously enhances the high temperature compressive strength and creep resistance of theβ-stabilized Ti?45Al?3Fe?2Mo alloy.A lot of nano-scaled Ti3AlC carbides precipitate in theβ-stabilized alloy and these carbides pin the dislocations,and greatly increase the high temperature properties.At the same time,the carbon addition decreases the amount of?phase,refines the lamellar spacing,and causes solution strengthening,which also contribute to the improvement of the high temperature properties.展开更多
TiAl alloy was prepared by intense plastic deformation and subsequent reaction sintering. The effect of plastic deformation on the microstructure of sintered TiAl alloy was investigated using energy dispersive X ray s...TiAl alloy was prepared by intense plastic deformation and subsequent reaction sintering. The effect of plastic deformation on the microstructure of sintered TiAl alloy was investigated using energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy (EDS), optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the intense plastic deformation of reacting Ti and Al phases caused by high energy ball milling refines the as sintered microstructure. The longer the milling time, the finer the grain size of γ and lamellar ( α 2 + γ ) phases. The finer grain size improves the properties of the TiAl alloy. It is also found that the volume fraction of lamellar ( α 2 + γ ) phases increases first, then decreases with increasing milling time. Based on the experimental results theoretical discussion was presented.展开更多
The Ti-48Al alloy was pack siliconized with 15%Si+85%Al2O3. The microstructure of the siliconized coating on the TiAl-based alloy was analyzed and its effect on oxidation resistance was investigated. The specimens bef...The Ti-48Al alloy was pack siliconized with 15%Si+85%Al2O3. The microstructure of the siliconized coating on the TiAl-based alloy was analyzed and its effect on oxidation resistance was investigated. The specimens before and after cycle oxidation were examined by XRD and SEM equipped with XEDS. The results showed that the coating is composed of a thin Al2O3 outer layer and a composite inner layer of Ti5Si3 with an appropriate amount of Al2O3 dispersed in. Cycle oxidation tests showed that the high temperature oxidation resistance of TiAl-based alloy was greatly improved by forming such composite coating. No spaliation and crack happened and the weight gain was very small after cycle oxidation at 900℃ for 314h.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No.50974017)
文摘A fluidized bed jet milling process was used to make micro-fine high Nb-containing TiAl alloyed powders from the chippings obtained by crushing the Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-(W,B,Y) ingot.The influences of classifier frequency on powder characteristics were investigated.The results show that the powders with controlled average particle size can be prepared on a large scale.The powders with different sizes are all dominated by γ with aminor amount of α2-Ti3Al.The particle size significantly decreases with the classifier frequency increasing.At a classifier frequency higher than 38 Hz,the average particle size of the ground powders is lower than 25μm.The powders are composed of two differ-ent sizes of particles:shaped particles and some clastic particles,and both particle sizes meet the log-normal distribution.With the classifier frequency increasing,the both sizes decrease;meanwhile,the proportion of the clastic particles gradually increases,and the size distribution span value of the ground powders increases correspondingly.
基金financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2011CB605501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51171015)+2 种基金the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20120006120042)the Program of the Ministry of Education of China for Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(111 Project)(No.B07003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-TP-14-062A2)
文摘Turning machining induced microstructural instability was investigated in a fully lamellar Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-（W,B,Y） alloy during high temperature exposure.After turning machining followed by thermal exposure at900 or 1000℃ for 100,300 and 500 h,a depth-dependent gradient microstructure with random orientations was produced in the region close to the machining surface.Two typical layers,a fine-grained（FG） layer with equiaxed grains and a coarse-grained（CG） layer with elongated grains,are formed in this region in transversal direction.The thickness of the two layers is up to 120 urn after thermal exposure at 1000℃ for 500 h,which is less than the depth of the hardened region（200 μm） after turning machining.Most of the new grains in FG and CG layers are constituted of γ single phase,while short α_2 segments and few B2 particles are precipitated at the γ/γ interface or inside the γ grains.Recrystallization and phase boundary bulging are found to be the major mechanisms responsible for lamellar degradation in FG layer and CG layer,respectively.The residual deformation energy stored is considered to be the main driving force of this process.
基金Project(2014JZ012)supported by the Natural Science Program for Basic Research in Key Areas of Shaanxi Province,China
文摘In order to improve the high temperature oxidation resistance of TiAl alloy, Y modified silicide coatings were prepared by pack cementation process at 1030, 1080 and 1130 °C, respectively, for 5 h. The microstructures, phase constitutions and oxidation behavior of these coatings were studied. The results show that the coating prepared by co-depositing Si?Y at 1080 °C for 5 h has a multiple layer structure: a superficial zone consisting of Al-rich (Ti,Nb)5Si4 and (Ti,Nb)5Si3, an out layer consisting of (Ti,Nb)Si2, a middle layer consisting of (Ti,Nb)5Si4 and (Ti,Nb)5Si3, and aγ-TiAl inner layer. Co-deposition temperature imposes strong influences on the coating structure. The coating prepared by Si?Y co-depositing at 1080 °C for 5 h shows relatively good oxidation resistance at 1000 °C in air, and the oxidation rate constant of the coating is about two orders of magnitude lower than that of the bare TiAl alloy.
文摘High temperature corrsoion and protection of trtanium alloys and TiAl intermetallics are reviewed, andsome suggestions on the development of protective coatings are put forward.
基金Project(704008) supported by the Key Grant Project of Chinese Ministry of Education Project(NCET-04-01017) supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, China
文摘High Nb containing TiAl alloy was fabricated in argon atmosphere by reactive hot pressing process. Reaction mechanism was investigated by means of microstructural analyses and thermodynamic calculations. The results show that it is feasible to prepare high Nb containing TiAl alloy with fine lamellar colonies by reactive hot pressing process. The reaction between Ti and Al powders is dominant in Ti-Al-Nb system. Nb powders dissolve into the Ti-Al matrix by diffusion. Pore nests are formed in situ after Nb powders diffusion. The hot pressing atmosphere is optimized by thermodynamic calculations. Vacuum or argon protective atmosphere should be adopted.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51871012, 52071021)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 2162024)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (No. FRF-GF-20-20B)the National Key Basic Research Program of China (No. 2011CB605502)。
文摘High niobium β-γ TiAl alloy(HNBG) was diffusion bonded using spark plasma sintering with pure Ti as interlayer. The joint microstructural evolution, growth kinetics and mechanical properties were investigated. The joint included three diffusion zones. The β/B2 phase formed in the Zone Ⅰ, α_(2)phase in the Zone Ⅱ, and β-Ti and α-Ti phases in the Zone Ⅲ. The thickness of β/B2 phase, the average grain size of α_(2)phase and the amount of β-Ti phase increased with the increase of bonding temperature or bonding time. The growth activation energies of β/B2 and α_(2)phases were 582 and 253 kJ/mol, respectively. The joint acquired at 1000 °C, 10 min and 10 MPa showed the maximum shear strength of 308 MPa. Fracture mainly occurred along the interfaces between Zone Ⅰ and HNBG alloy, and between Zone I and Zone Ⅱ. Fracture mechanism of the joint was characterized by brittleness rupture along the phase boundary.
基金This project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 59875015)the Natural Science Foundation of South China University of Technology (No. E5305293).
文摘A TiAl alloy was fabricated by high-energy ball milling and subsequent reactive sintering from the mixed powders of Ti and Al. High-energy ball milling produced a kind of particular composite powders with an extremely fine altemative Ti and Al lamella structure. The composite powders not only possessed good consolidation and densification characteristics, but also resulted in the augment of nucleation rate of α and γ titanium aluminides during solid-phase reactive sintering After a series of processing, pressing, degassing, extrusion, and sintering, the resultant TiAl alloy presented high relative density and refined grain sizes of （α2 ＋ γ） lamella and γ phases. The compressive yield strength of the sintered TiAl reached 600 MPa at 800℃.
基金Project(2014CB6644002)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(2016YFB0700302)supported by the National Major Scientific Research Development Program,ChinaProject(2017JJ2311)supported by the Hunan Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Carbon is an important alloying element in improving high temperature mechanical properties of various metallic materials.The effects of carbon on high temperature mechanical properties of aβ-stabilized Ti?45Al?3Fe?2Mo(molar fraction,%)alloy were studied through compressive and creep tests.The results show that the carbon addition(0.5%,molar fraction)obviously enhances the high temperature compressive strength and creep resistance of theβ-stabilized Ti?45Al?3Fe?2Mo alloy.A lot of nano-scaled Ti3AlC carbides precipitate in theβ-stabilized alloy and these carbides pin the dislocations,and greatly increase the high temperature properties.At the same time,the carbon addition decreases the amount of?phase,refines the lamellar spacing,and causes solution strengthening,which also contribute to the improvement of the high temperature properties.
文摘TiAl alloy was prepared by intense plastic deformation and subsequent reaction sintering. The effect of plastic deformation on the microstructure of sintered TiAl alloy was investigated using energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy (EDS), optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the intense plastic deformation of reacting Ti and Al phases caused by high energy ball milling refines the as sintered microstructure. The longer the milling time, the finer the grain size of γ and lamellar ( α 2 + γ ) phases. The finer grain size improves the properties of the TiAl alloy. It is also found that the volume fraction of lamellar ( α 2 + γ ) phases increases first, then decreases with increasing milling time. Based on the experimental results theoretical discussion was presented.
文摘The Ti-48Al alloy was pack siliconized with 15%Si+85%Al2O3. The microstructure of the siliconized coating on the TiAl-based alloy was analyzed and its effect on oxidation resistance was investigated. The specimens before and after cycle oxidation were examined by XRD and SEM equipped with XEDS. The results showed that the coating is composed of a thin Al2O3 outer layer and a composite inner layer of Ti5Si3 with an appropriate amount of Al2O3 dispersed in. Cycle oxidation tests showed that the high temperature oxidation resistance of TiAl-based alloy was greatly improved by forming such composite coating. No spaliation and crack happened and the weight gain was very small after cycle oxidation at 900℃ for 314h.
