Deformation and failure of a high-steep slope induced by multi-layer coal mining

During underground mining,accurate revelation on the deformation and failure mechanisms of a high-steep slope under multi-layer mining conditions facilitates the prevention and control of geological disasters in mines.Numerical simulation based on discrete element theory can be used to explore the characteristics and mechanism of action of deformation and failure of a slope under complex geological and multi-layer mining conditions.By utilising PFC2 D(particle flow code) software,the deformation and failure characteristics of a high-steep slope in Faer Coal Mine in Guizhou Province,China were investigated.Additionally,the mechanism of influence of different numbers of mining layers on the deformation and failure of the high and steep slope was elucidated.The result showed that after the goaf passed by the slope toe,multi-layer mining aggravated the subsidence and deformation of the slope toe:the slope toppled forward as it sank.The toppling of the slope changed the slope structures:the strata in the front of the slope were transformed from anti-dip to down-dip features.Extruded by collapsedtoppled rock mass,the slope toe and the rock mass located in the lower part of the slope toe generally exhibited a locking effect on the slope.Multi-layer mining degraded the overall stability of the slope,in that the total displacement of the slope was much greater than the total mining thickness of the coal seams.Based on the aforementioned research,ideas for preventing and controlling geological disasters during mining operations under a high-steep slope were proposed.

Study on high and steep slope stability of surface mine based on RFPA-SRM

The instability and failure mechanism of high and steep slopes in surface mines, and the basis for some reasonable landslide prevention measures were provided using the RFPA-SRM. Based on the actual progress of the Pingzhuang Western Surface Mine and based on strength reduction method, the dynamic instability processes of the top high and steep slope was simulated. Also, the landslide mode was determined, the characteristics of the displacement distribution, the deformation, failure, and the stress distribution in the slope were demonstrated, and the stability was calculated. Conclusions can be drawn as follows： the landslide or failure of high and steep slopes on a surface mine is a gradual process, in which the slope undergoes the generation, expansion, and connection of the fractures and the displacement increases until landslide occurs; a small portion of the upper rocks fail due to the tension and the lower rocks fail due to the shear; the potential sliding surface is combined and the essential cause of the landslide is the shear stress concentration.

Research on Deformation and Force of Bridge Pile Foundation on High and Steep Slope in Mountainous Area

With the rapid development of my country’s economy, the demand for infrastructure construction is also increasing. However, in most areas of China, the terrains are mountainous and hilly. Some projects have to be built on steep slopes. Choosing viaducts or half-bridges on high-steep slopes is not only conducive to the protection of the surrounding environment, but also conducive to the stability of the slope. Bridges usually choose the form of pile foundation-high pier bridge. This paper uses numerical simulation to study and analyze the bridge pile foundation of the slope section. Relying on actual engineering, use the finite element software ABAQUS6.14 to establish a three-dimensional finite element model to study the bearing mechanism and mechanical characteristics of the pile foundation under vertical load, horizontal load and inclined load, discuss the influence of the nature of the soil around the pile and the stiffness of the pile body on the deformation and internal force of the bridge pile foundation in the slope section. The analysis results show that the horizontal load has a great influence on the horizontal displacement of the pile, but has a small influence on the vertical displacement, and the vertical load is just the opposite. Inclined load has obvious “p-Δ” effect. The increase in soil elastic modulus and pile stiffness will reduce the displacement of the pile foundation, but after reaching a certain range, the displacement of the pile foundation will tend to be stable. Therefore, in actual engineering, if the displacement of the pile foundation fails to meet the requirements, the hardness of the soil and the stiffness of the pile can be appropriately increased, but not blindly.

Application of Three-Dimensional Laser Scanning and Surveying in Geological Investigation of High Rock Slope

The appearance of 3D laser scanning technology is one of the most important technology revolutions in surveying and mapping field. It can be widely used in many interrelated fields, such as engineering constructions and 3D measurements, owing to its prominent characteristics of the high efficiency and high precision. At present its application is still in the initial state, and it is quite rarely used in China, especially in geotechnical engineering and geological engineering fields. Starting with a general introduction of 3D laser scanning technology, this article studies how to apply the technology to high rock slope investigations. By way of a case study, principles and methods of quick slope documentation and occurrence measurement of discontinuities are discussed and analyzed. Analysis results show that the application of 3D laser scanning technology to geotechnical and geological engineering has a great prospect and value.

Buckling failure analysis and numerical manifold method simulation for high and steep slope: A case study

Buckling failure of layered rock slopes due to self-weight is common in mountain areas, especially for high andsteep slope, and it frequently results in serious disasters. Previous research has focused on qualitatively evaluatingslope buckling stability and rarely studied the whole process from bending deformation to forming landslide. Inthis work, considering the tensile and compressive characteristics of rock, the simulation of high and steep slopebucking failure evolved in Bawang Mountain, was conducted by numerical manifold method. The bucklingdeformation mechanism and progressive failure process of Bawang Mountain high steep slope were studied. Thereliability of the numerical method was verified by the comparison of theoretical calculation and field measurement data. The results show that numerical manifold method can accurately simulate high and steep slopebuckling failure process by preforming interlayer and cross joints. The process of slope buckling deformation andinstability failure can be divided into minor sliding-creep deformation, interlayer dislocation-slight bending,traction by slope toe-sharp uplift, accelerated sliding-landslide formation. Under the long-term action of selfweight, the evolution of slope buckling from formation to landslide is a progressive failure process, whichmainly contains three stages: slight bending deformation, intense uplift deformation and landslide formation.

Research on Effect of Heap Loading on Deformation and Mechanical Properties of Bridge Double Pile Foundation on Steep Slope

In order to analyze the deformation and stress characteristics of the pile foundation on the slope, this paper uses the finite element software Abaqus for numerical simulation. The displacement and stress data of pile under different working conditions (the combination of heap load and vertical load and horizontal load and inclined load) were collected;the distribution of pile displacement, axial force and bending moment were analyzed. Simulation results show that: slope top loading has little effect on vertical displacement; when the heap load exceeds 200 kPa, the horizontal displacement is greatly affected. Pile axial force decreases with pile burial depth;pile lateral resistance plays a more adequate role in the rock and soil layer. The bending moment of double pile foundation is positive at the top and negative at the bottom. Applied oblique load has obvious p-Δ effect.

石灰石露天矿高陡边坡稳定性计算分析

以西南某石灰石矿高陡边坡为研究对象,根据矿山边坡现状、边坡岩体结构和结构面发育特征因素对“现状边坡”和“终了边坡”进行地质分区,通过岩石室内物理力学试验获得坡体岩石物理力学参数,采用GSI法计算边坡岩体内摩擦角、粘聚力、变形模量和泊松比等参数,评估边坡地质强度特性,采用Morgenstern-Price极限平衡法分三种荷载工况分别计算“现状边坡”和“终了边坡”各分区稳定性系数。经分析,该石灰石矿各地质分区“现状边坡”和“终了边坡”稳定性好,采场边坡参数设计合理,可为矿山扩产安全设施设计和安全生产提供参考。

露天矿高陡复杂边坡软弱岩层组“坐落-滑移式”破坏模式研究

边坡稳定性问题随露天矿开采的进行不断突出,而边坡软弱岩层严重影响边坡稳定性。大量工程实例显示,露天矿含软弱岩层组的高陡复杂边坡失稳模式通常为“坐落-滑移式”破坏。为明晰露天矿高陡复杂边坡软弱岩层组“坐落-滑移式”破坏模式的破坏机理,以某露天矿为例,提出一种针对露天矿含软弱岩层组高陡复杂边坡的综合分析方法。研究结果表明:采用工程地质分析、传统极限平衡方法和数值模拟分析相结合的综合分析方法,针对该类型复杂边坡可发挥不同分析方法的优势,较全面地从地质自然环境条件、定性定量方面、应力应变角度分析边坡破坏机理及模式,总结归纳出含软弱层组露天矿高陡复杂边坡“坐落-滑移式”破坏的“坐落-滑移-剪出”三段式破坏特征,为其他类似复杂边坡稳定性的分析和防治提供思路和手段。

基于无人机3D点云的高陡斜坡岩体结构特征

岩体结构控制着岩质斜坡的变形破坏模式,但传统的结构面信息调查方法存在危险性高、难度大的缺陷。为安全、高效地获取斜坡岩体结构信息,利用无人机摄影技术开展高陡岩质斜坡的测量,构建斜坡岩体的3D点云模型,识别结构面的产状、间距、迹长等岩体结构信息。对湖北秭归卡门子湾滑坡区调查验证,斜坡共发育6组优势结构面,平均间距为0.46~1.01 m,平均迹长为0.82~12.57 m;无人机3D点云获取的岩体结构信息精度满足要求,方法高效、可行;获得的岩体结构信息为斜坡岩体结构模型建立和稳定性评价等工作提供了可靠的数据基础。

基于三维激光扫描的高陡边坡勘查与支护设计

以广东清远银湖城复杂高陡边坡为依托,采用三维激光扫描技术,查明边坡的空间展布形态、优势结构面的空间分布特征,为边坡设计提供依据。基于三维激光扫描调查和边坡稳定性评价结果,对挖方土岩组合高边坡,上部土体采用“放坡+锚杆格构梁”,中下部岩体采用“削坡+马道挡石墙”的治理措施;对填方边坡,采用“强夯加固+扶壁式或重力式挡墙直立式支挡+坡率加筋土+坡面浆砌石格构梁防护相结合”的治理措施。生态修复效果良好,经济效益显著。

高海拔铁路隧道斜井机械化配套与快速施工

为解决高海拔高寒地区斜井施工存在气压低、含氧量低、温差大、严寒干燥等问题,以某高海拔铁路隧道斜井工程为背景,结合围岩等级、断面大小、海拔高度,根据斜井施工机械化配套原则,提出高海拔陡坡长斜井机械化安全快速进洞施工工法,并选配超前支护、钻爆、装运、喷锚支护、衬砌等机械化作业线的成套设备。基于高度机械化的设备配套,提出“快挖、快运、快支”的高效施工技术以及各工序快速衔接工艺。以控制围岩变形为核心,构建一套积极干预加固围岩、注重早期支护并快速闭合的主动支护体系。结果表明:与普通钻爆法施工相比,采用三臂凿岩台车高度机械化配套施工效率高,月最快进尺为180 m,较人工钻爆法施工月进尺为130 m相比提高了近30%,施工质量稳定,作业人员投入少,且拱顶沉降和周边收敛均小于规范要求值,衬砌强度可靠,可实现高海拔小断面隧道“快挖、快支、主动支、快封闭”。

中国高陡岩质边坡植被重建技术现状与展望

工程建设和矿山开采等活动形成了大量裸露的岩质边坡,由此可能带来许多地质和生态环境问题。随着边坡治理技术的发展,兼具稳定边坡和绿化环境双重功能的植被重建技术,逐步取代传统的单一工程治理技术,被广泛应用于边坡恢复治理。高陡岩质边坡因坡度陡、高差大,坡面固土保水困难,导致植被生长条件十分恶劣,所以该类岩质边坡的植被重建工作极其困难。为此,文章在分析高陡岩质边坡生态特点的基础上,重点总结了适宜高陡岩质边坡的植被重建技术,并阐述了各类代表性技术的基本概念、适用范围及优缺点。同时,论述了边坡植被重建技术的主要研究热点,指出各类技术中可能存在的理论研究薄弱、基质稳定性差、植被单一、技术选型不合理以及养护费用高等问题,并从特殊生境技术开发、基质研发、植物选配、护坡机理研究、评价机制建立及信息技术应用等方面进行了展望,以期为中国高陡岩质边坡植被重建技术的工程实践和理论研究提供一定的借鉴和参考。

地震作用下桩板墙-锚索组合支护基覆型边坡的动力响应特性

地震作用下,惯性力方向对组合结构、土体、岩体的平衡状态影响显著。为深入理解桩板墙组合支护结构-基覆型边坡相互作用特性,以西南地区一隧道进口端基覆型高陡边坡为原型,开展一组简谐波加载下组合结构加固边坡的大型振动台模型试验,考虑惯性力方向对桩-土、格构锚索-坡体时程特性展开分析。结果表明:(1)惯性力作用下格构锚索-土体相互作用与桩-土相互作用表现出近似的时程一致性规律,但坡面加固结构惯性力峰值沿高程存在的相位差不可忽视。(2)结构与边坡土体的相互作用大小取决于相对惯性运动,桩-基岩相互作用由悬臂段变形状态决定。(3)惯性力达到临空面峰值,动土压力达到峰值,桩-土位移差达到正向峰值,桩身呈现外倾的主动破坏状态,锚固段前侧受力因外倾而挤压增大,因而悬臂段采用库仑主动土压力进行设计需结合桩土状态进行修正。(4)简谐波作用下,坡体惯性力及变形是组合支挡结构沿高程受力分布特性的关键因素,组合结构设计时需重点关注坡脚应力集中区及坡顶惯性力放大区。本研究可为组合结构抗震加固设计提供理论支撑。

小净距隧道洞口抗震设防研究

为明确净距与岩体等级对隧道洞口段抗震设防长度的影响规律,以云南玉溪宝山高陡边坡段小净距隧道为工程依托,利用FLAC3D有限差分软件建立小净距隧道数值模型,根据室内力学试验确定模型参数,以校正后的汶川地震波作为震动荷载输入,针对震动荷载作用下隧道洞口段围岩稳定性进行分析,探明隧道围岩与支护结构在不同工况下的动力响应特征,进一步确定合理的隧道抗震设防长度。研究结果表明:同一净距条件下,围岩等级越高,衬砌结构位移及轴力、应力的响应值越小,反之亦然;宝山隧道最不利工况条件为Ⅴ级围岩、0.5B净距,在震动荷载作用条件下,隧道峰值位移最大值为62.5 cm,衬砌轴力最大值产生于左、右拱脚处,洞口段峰值达1320 kN,位移曲线下降率升高临界点最大值为78 m(6.0B),最终确定宝山隧道洞口合理设防长度为78 m。

基于无人机摄影测量技术的高陡边坡危岩体特征构建与分析

在高陡边坡的危岩体调查中,受限于调查人员可到达的范围,难以获取危岩体的特征参数,从而影响危岩体的稳定性判别。无人机摄影测量技术能够安全、快速、全面、精准的获取危岩体的特征信息。本文以鸡冠岭崩塌隐患为例,利用无人机摄影测量技术获取坡面高精度影像,通过提取点云数据构建三维模型,基于最小二乘法完成平面拟合获取危岩体的体积及结构面产状信息,并结合实际测量数据,采用赤平极射投影法和极限平衡法定性和定量评价危岩体的稳定性。经过分析计算,鸡冠岭崩塌四处主要危岩体的体积分别为102.86 m^(3)、355.27 m^(3)、236.60 m^(3)和454.91 m^(3),根据定性分析和定量计算,危岩体均为欠稳定状态。通过本文的实践,体现了无人机摄影测量技术在识别高位隐蔽危岩体方面的优势,对于发展基于无人机摄影测量技术定量判定危岩体的稳定性方面具有借鉴意义。

矿山高陡岩石边坡生态修复技术研究进展

高陡岩石边坡生态修复是矿山生态修复领域中的重难点之一。通过中国期刊全文数据库和Web of Science核心合集数据库,对2003-2022年发表的关于高陡岩石边坡的文献进行检索与综述分析。本研究分析了高陡岩石边坡的年度发文量和研究热点,从边坡稳定性、植生环境构造、植被配置等方面对高陡岩石边坡生态修复现状进行探讨,以期为今后该领域的研究提供参考方向。

露天采场高陡边坡监测技术研究现状与发展趋势分析

本文旨在深入探讨露天采场高陡边坡的监测技术研究现状,系统梳理当前监测技术体系存在的问题,并总结分析其未来可能的发展趋势。为实现这一目标,笔者综述了多种当前应用于边坡监测的先进技术,包括全球定位系统(GPS)、边坡雷达、各类传感器系统、三维激光扫描及时域反射(TDR)等。这些技术的综合应用,能够更全面、实时地监测边坡的稳定性,及时发现并预防潜在的安全隐患。研究结果显示,随着科技的持续进步,边坡监测系统正朝着智能化、自动化和集成化的方向发展。未来的边坡监测技术将为露天采场的安全生产提供更为坚实的技术支撑,通过云计算和大数据分析,实现远程、实时的边坡稳定性监控与预警。这一发展趋势将显著提高矿山工作的安全性和效率,为露天采场的安全生产提供有力保障。

基于无人机贴近摄影测量的露天采石场高陡岩质边坡岩体结构面信息自动识别

岩体结构面的识别与解译在露天采石场岩质边坡稳定性分析中具有重要意义,对于高陡岩质边坡而言,传统的勘察手段效率低且危险性高,无人机倾斜摄影测量生成的高陡岩质边坡三维实景建模精度低且自动解译困难。提出了一种基于无人机贴近摄影测量的高陡岩质边坡岩体结构面信息的精细化调查方案,并在武汉市东湖高新技术开发区长岭山露天采石场崩塌地质灾害调查中完成了实例应用,该方法使用大疆M300 RTK无人机搭载DJI P1相机完成倾斜摄影测量与贴近摄影测量工作,建立高精度的露天采石场高陡岩质边坡的实景三维模型和高密度三维点云,通过区域生长算法自动解译其岩体结构信息。结果表明:采用本文方法进行岩体结构面调查所提取到的信息准确度高、可视化效果好,且计算效率高,可为类似边坡实际地质灾害调查与防治提供依据。

复杂堆积体区导向井开挖及强卸荷裂隙高陡岸坡综合处治研究

万州长江公路大桥因三峡蓄水需增设防船撞设施。作为防撞设施关键环节的3#导向井地处长江陡崖下部的堆积体岸滩上,受库水消落、江岸强烈卸荷和库岸再造等影响,导向井处堆积体开挖支护困难、背侧70 m高陡岸坡崩塌风险大。为保障导向井施工以及防撞设施和航道的运营安全,根据项目区地形地质和构造水文特点,采用FLAC 3D有限元法对3#导向井开挖所形成的高陡岸坡稳定性进行了模拟分析,结果表明:开挖和暴雨工况下,岸坡处于欠稳定状态,存在较大的失稳风险,且在砂岩、泥岩和裂隙I交界处,存在明显的剪应力集中现象。根据仿真结果,制定了锚索地梁联合坡面喷射封闭的岸坡支护方案;比选了导向井处孤石群堆积体加固和卸荷方案,结合库水位消落和工期计划,采用了孤石群破碎清除和刷方膜袋混凝土防护方案,保证了3#导向井的安全建设。

基于Slide的研山铁矿高陡边坡稳定性分析

露天矿山边坡稳定性对采场安全生产至关重要。为探究边坡施工过程中的安全隐患,以研山铁矿高陡边坡为研究对象,考虑爆破震动及地震作用荷载,运用Slide二维边坡数值模拟软件对典型剖面进行稳定性计算。结果表明:在正常工况条件、爆破震动及地震作用下,边坡整体安全系数符合要求,整体处于稳定状态。但在爆破震动及地震作用下,边坡局部安全系数介于临界值,可能存在局部滑坡风险。为保证采场生产安全,提出了相应的边坡管理预防措施,为相关实践工作提供一定参考。