Research on the Development Model of the Adaptive Housing to Flooding/High Tides and Applicability to Some Types of Housing in Nha Be District,Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam

Ho Chi Minh City(HCMC)has a high density of rivers and canals,so it is often strongly affected by high tides.The rapid urbanization process of a city with more than 13 million people,along with human activities with rivers such as accretion,river encroachment,sand mining,construction of houses close to the riverbanks,...that stop the flow of rivers and canals,causes high tides to rise quickly and recede slowly,therefore difficult to control.The residential areas of people along the canals in the city are clearly affected by the phenomenon of high tides and it causes many difficulties to people’s lives,especially people living in Nha Be district-a southeast district of HCMC,where the terrain is low-lying,and also the water collection area of the whole city.This is an area that is expected to be flooded more and more heavily due to the increasingly strong impact of high tides.The inevitable consequence of the flooding-high tide phenomenon is that the living and business environment is not guaranteed,people’s life quality does not improve,and a part of the residents have to relocate.So,how to build a housing model that adapts to flooding/high tide in Nha Be District,HCMC against the impacts of high tides?This article is a qualitative study using mixed methods including Document Synthesis&Comparison,Questionnaire,Interview,and Observation methods.The investigation,survey,and assessment on the impact of high tides on housing in Nha Be District,HCMC was carried out in the year 2019-2020.This study aims to find out the experiences in building models of houses that can adapt to flood/high tide and their applicability to some types of houses in Nha Be District,HCMC.These solutions are aimed at improving the quality of life of people living along the canals of Nha Be District,HCMC and effectively contribute to sustainable socio-economic development.

Disturbance increases high tide travel distance of a roosting shorebird but only marginally affects daily energy expenditure

Background:Anthropogenic disturbance can negatively affect an animal's energy budget by evoking movement responses.Existing research focuses mainly on immediate displacement as a disturbance effect,since this can be easily observed in the field. However, effects on movement over longer timescales are poorly examined and it is largely unknown if and to what extent they reflect immediate responses.Longer-term responses could for example be larger than immediate responses if birds, after disturbance, return to the original location and thereby travel twice the immediate disturbed distance. Methods:We combined GPS tracking data with observational data to quantify the effects of anthropogenic (air force and walkers) and non-anthropogenic disturbances on distances travelled by roosting Eurasian Oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus) during the non-breeding season. We compared immediate displacement after a disturbance with distance travelled during the entire high tide period (longer-term response), while accounting for environmental factors.Additionally,we calculated energy expenditure due to disturbance based on observed disturbance frequencies.Results:Disturbance resulted in an immediate displacement response of ~200 m (median).Air force disturbances tended to yield larger immediate responses than walker and,especially,than non-anthropogenic disturbances.Longer-term responses and immediate responses were approximately similar,suggesting that,over longer timescales,spatial disturbance effects in the study area remain confined to immediate effects.However,disturbances were infrequent (0.17 disturbances per bird per hour) and most disturbances were of natural origin (62%).Consequently, anthropogenic disturbance of roosting oystercatchers in the study area on average costs 0.08% of the daily energy expenditure. Conclusions:Our results suggest that immediate spatial responses to disturbance can be a useful proxy for spatial responses over longer timescales.Over the non-exhaustive range of conditions investigated,energetic consequences of spatial disturbance responses for an oystercatcher in the study area are marginal due to low disturbance levels.

Characterizing the influence of tide on the physico-chemical parameters and nutrient variability in the coastal surface water of the northern Bay of Bengal during the winter season

The spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters（sea surface temperature（SST）, p H, sea surface salinity（SSS）, dissolved oxygen（DO） and Secchi depth） along with filterable nutrients（dissolved inorganic nitrate（DIN）,dissolved inorganic phosphate（DIP） and reactive silicate（DSi）） are measured in the winter months of November,December, January and February for four consecutive years from 2009–2010 to 2012–2013 on the shallow continental shelf（〈20 m bathymetry） of the coastal waters（up to 18 km away from shoreline） of the northern Bay of Bengal（n Bo B） during the highest high tide（HHT） and lowest low tide（LLT） hours for the first time. The variability of the coastal biogeochemical environment is assessed during the HHT and LLT hours and for this purpose, seawater samples are collected from seven different locations of a transect in the coastal region. Physicochemical parameters（except SST） show significant difference in magnitude during the HHT and LLT hours respectively. p H, SSS and DO are found to increase in the HHT hours and vice-versa. The data reveal that during the LLT hours, a relative increase of freshwater input in the n Bo B can have elevated the nutrient concentration compared with that observed during the HHT hours. The ratio of nutrient concentration is found to deviate significantly from the Redfield ratio. The abundance of DIP is much higher compared with that of DIN and DSi.The anthropogenic sources of DIP from the upstream flow（especially the domestic effluent of several metropolises） can be mainly attributed behind such an observation. In order to characterize and establish the trend of such variation in such an important bio-climatic region, long-term and systematic ecosystem monitoring in the coastal water of the n Bo B northern Bay of Bengal should be carried out throughout the year.

They Walked out of Home—The First High Tide of Chinese Women's Employment

THE founding of New China in 1949 put an end to a half century of strife and war in China. Encouraged by the government of New China and because of the state’s need to resume production and develop the economy, Chinese women, who for thousands of years had been enclosed within the walls of their home, obtained the right and the chance for extensive employment for the first time. They took a historical step out of their homes. At the First Plenary Session of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) which was held just before the founding of New China, the "CPPCC Common Program"