The East Asian upper-tropospheric jet stream （EAJS） typically jumps north of 45~N in midsummer. These annual northward jumps are mostly classified into two dominant types： the first type corresponds to the enhanced...The East Asian upper-tropospheric jet stream （EAJS） typically jumps north of 45~N in midsummer. These annual northward jumps are mostly classified into two dominant types： the first type corresponds to the enhanced westerly to the north of the EAJS＇s axis （type A）, while the second type is related to the weakened westerly within the EAJS＇s axis （type B）. In this study, the impacts of these two types of northward jumps on rainfall in eastern China are investigated. Our results show that rainfall significantly increases in northern Northeast China and decreases in the Yellow River-Huaihe River valleys, as well as in North China, during the type A jump. As a result of the type B jump, rainfall is enhanced in North China and suppressed in the Yangtze River valley. The changes in rainfall in eastern China during these two types of northward jumps are mainly caused by the northward shifts of the ascending air flow that is directly related to the EAJS. Concurrent with the type A （B） jump, the EAJS-related ascending branch moves from the Yangtze-Huai River valley to northern Northeast （North） China when the EAJS＇s axis jumps from 40~N to 55~N （50~N）. Meanwhile, the type A jump also strengthens the Northeast Asian low in the lower troposphere, leading to more moisture transport to northern Northeast China. The type B jump, however, induces a northwestward extension of the lower-tropospheric western North Pacific subtropical high and more moisture transport to North China.展开更多
为提升对西北干旱区低空风切变特征的认识,对该区域民航飞行安全提供可靠的气象服务保障,以新疆为例,利用机场语音方式航空器报告、机场例行观测实况报文、维萨拉(Vaisala)气象自动观测系统数据、飞机机载探测资料、欧洲中期天气预报中...为提升对西北干旱区低空风切变特征的认识,对该区域民航飞行安全提供可靠的气象服务保障,以新疆为例,利用机场语音方式航空器报告、机场例行观测实况报文、维萨拉(Vaisala)气象自动观测系统数据、飞机机载探测资料、欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)第五代大气再分析资料(ERA5)对新疆区域17个机场接收的低空风切变报告进行统计,并对喀什机场一次典型低空风切变事件进行分析。结果表明:新疆地区低空风切变四季均有出现,夏季出现频率最高,低空风切变在90~300 m高度范围内频发,主要集中发生在中午至傍晚时段,中等强度的低空风切变出现频次最多,小机型飞机更易遭遇低空风切变。低空风切变发生时机场常受500 hPa西风气流型、低涡型、低槽型天气系统影响,且多伴有低空急流、地面大风及对流云等情况,特殊的地形环境也是影响新疆部分机场低空风切变频发的原因之一。对喀什机场一次典型低空风切变个例分析后发现,在低槽型天气系统影响下,飞机进近和复飞过程中遭遇了强风切变,包括强水平风向、风速的切变和强垂直风切变,在中小尺度系统影响下飞机在下降过程中极有可能遭遇下击暴流,从而引发强低空风切变。展开更多
本文利用ERA5(European centre for medium-range weather forecasts re-analysis 5)逐小时资料、中国地面降水日值数据集(V2.0)和中国自动站与CMORPH降水产品融合的逐时降水量网格数据集(1.0版),对比分析沂沭泗流域2019年1909号台风“...本文利用ERA5(European centre for medium-range weather forecasts re-analysis 5)逐小时资料、中国地面降水日值数据集(V2.0)和中国自动站与CMORPH降水产品融合的逐时降水量网格数据集(1.0版),对比分析沂沭泗流域2019年1909号台风“利奇马”和2020年8月13日特大暴雨2次致洪暴雨过程的时空特征。2次过程前期降水存在较大差异,“利奇马”过程降水持续时间长,影响区域广,过程雨量大,沂沭泗流域面雨量达1978年最强,但前期流域降水异常偏少五成以上。而8.13致洪暴雨过程前期沂沭泗出现多次强降水,降水异常偏多,降水较常年偏多八成,前30日累计降水总量为1978—2020年历史最大值。分析造成2020年前期降水异常偏差成因:7月20日~8月15日副热带高压强度异常偏强,脊线偏西,且贝加尔湖-蒙古地区冷涡不断有冷空气分裂南下,冷暖空气在江淮-黄淮地区对峙,沂沭泗流域有利于出现连续性强降水。此外,分析8.13致洪暴雨天气尺度和中小尺度系统可知,降水区处于东北冷涡底部和副高边缘,副高呈东北-西南走向,形成高压坝,有利于降水系统稳定少动;低层西南暖湿气流强盛、切变线维持。高、低空急流耦合作用使得低层辐合、高层辐散加剧,降水区垂直运动得以加强和维持。沂蒙山区地形不仅有利于流域坡面汇流,而且造成风场迎风坡辐合,对降水有一定的增强作用,并影响降水落区。最后,研究相对风暴螺旋度与强降水落区发现,两者具有较高的相关性,螺旋度对降水预报提前量超过4 h,且螺旋度中心值越大,雨强越大,螺旋度中心强度的维持预示着强降水的持续,因此相对风暴螺旋度在沂沭泗流域暴雨的预报中可作为重要的参考因子。展开更多
为了解决金融FAST(financial information exchange adapted for streaming)协议面临的纯软件解码延迟高,FPGA(field programmable gate array)硬件解码开发周期长、更新困难的问题,提出了基于OpenCL和HLS的硬件解码模式。通过对FAST数...为了解决金融FAST(financial information exchange adapted for streaming)协议面临的纯软件解码延迟高,FPGA(field programmable gate array)硬件解码开发周期长、更新困难的问题,提出了基于OpenCL和HLS的硬件解码模式。通过对FAST数据解码的标记、切分、合并、解码模块进行流水优化,对切分和字段解码进行并行操作,将数据的输入输出改为流式接口减少I/O口的延时以及对切分数组进行分割映射等优化方式实现了解码过程低延迟、低抖动。实验结果表明,相比纯软件解码,本文提出的解码器处理速度提升了11倍,解码延迟缩短至1/6,抖动幅度控制在10 ns之内。相比传统HDL方式的FPGA定制硬件开发,开发效率可提升3~4倍,从而更好地满足产品更新换代的需求。展开更多
From June 18th to June 19th of 2009,Heilongjiang Province was hit by the regional rainstorm rarely paralleled in history.According to the findings based upon the conventional observation data,the precipitation occurre...From June 18th to June 19th of 2009,Heilongjiang Province was hit by the regional rainstorm rarely paralleled in history.According to the findings based upon the conventional observation data,the precipitation occurred under the double-blocking situation of Ural Mountains and the Sea of Okhotsk.The main influencing systems were the upper vortex and northward low-pressure that came from Hetao area,accompanied by the delivery of high and low level jet stream.The results showed that the evolvement of blocking high,transfer of water vapor and configuration of high and low level jet stream were the key factors resulting in the rainfall process.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40905025)GYHY201006019, and GYHY200906017
文摘The East Asian upper-tropospheric jet stream （EAJS） typically jumps north of 45~N in midsummer. These annual northward jumps are mostly classified into two dominant types： the first type corresponds to the enhanced westerly to the north of the EAJS＇s axis （type A）, while the second type is related to the weakened westerly within the EAJS＇s axis （type B）. In this study, the impacts of these two types of northward jumps on rainfall in eastern China are investigated. Our results show that rainfall significantly increases in northern Northeast China and decreases in the Yellow River-Huaihe River valleys, as well as in North China, during the type A jump. As a result of the type B jump, rainfall is enhanced in North China and suppressed in the Yangtze River valley. The changes in rainfall in eastern China during these two types of northward jumps are mainly caused by the northward shifts of the ascending air flow that is directly related to the EAJS. Concurrent with the type A （B） jump, the EAJS-related ascending branch moves from the Yangtze-Huai River valley to northern Northeast （North） China when the EAJS＇s axis jumps from 40~N to 55~N （50~N）. Meanwhile, the type A jump also strengthens the Northeast Asian low in the lower troposphere, leading to more moisture transport to northern Northeast China. The type B jump, however, induces a northwestward extension of the lower-tropospheric western North Pacific subtropical high and more moisture transport to North China.
文摘为提升对西北干旱区低空风切变特征的认识,对该区域民航飞行安全提供可靠的气象服务保障,以新疆为例,利用机场语音方式航空器报告、机场例行观测实况报文、维萨拉(Vaisala)气象自动观测系统数据、飞机机载探测资料、欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)第五代大气再分析资料(ERA5)对新疆区域17个机场接收的低空风切变报告进行统计,并对喀什机场一次典型低空风切变事件进行分析。结果表明:新疆地区低空风切变四季均有出现,夏季出现频率最高,低空风切变在90~300 m高度范围内频发,主要集中发生在中午至傍晚时段,中等强度的低空风切变出现频次最多,小机型飞机更易遭遇低空风切变。低空风切变发生时机场常受500 hPa西风气流型、低涡型、低槽型天气系统影响,且多伴有低空急流、地面大风及对流云等情况,特殊的地形环境也是影响新疆部分机场低空风切变频发的原因之一。对喀什机场一次典型低空风切变个例分析后发现,在低槽型天气系统影响下,飞机进近和复飞过程中遭遇了强风切变,包括强水平风向、风速的切变和强垂直风切变,在中小尺度系统影响下飞机在下降过程中极有可能遭遇下击暴流,从而引发强低空风切变。
文摘本文利用ERA5(European centre for medium-range weather forecasts re-analysis 5)逐小时资料、中国地面降水日值数据集(V2.0)和中国自动站与CMORPH降水产品融合的逐时降水量网格数据集(1.0版),对比分析沂沭泗流域2019年1909号台风“利奇马”和2020年8月13日特大暴雨2次致洪暴雨过程的时空特征。2次过程前期降水存在较大差异,“利奇马”过程降水持续时间长,影响区域广,过程雨量大,沂沭泗流域面雨量达1978年最强,但前期流域降水异常偏少五成以上。而8.13致洪暴雨过程前期沂沭泗出现多次强降水,降水异常偏多,降水较常年偏多八成,前30日累计降水总量为1978—2020年历史最大值。分析造成2020年前期降水异常偏差成因:7月20日~8月15日副热带高压强度异常偏强,脊线偏西,且贝加尔湖-蒙古地区冷涡不断有冷空气分裂南下,冷暖空气在江淮-黄淮地区对峙,沂沭泗流域有利于出现连续性强降水。此外,分析8.13致洪暴雨天气尺度和中小尺度系统可知,降水区处于东北冷涡底部和副高边缘,副高呈东北-西南走向,形成高压坝,有利于降水系统稳定少动;低层西南暖湿气流强盛、切变线维持。高、低空急流耦合作用使得低层辐合、高层辐散加剧,降水区垂直运动得以加强和维持。沂蒙山区地形不仅有利于流域坡面汇流,而且造成风场迎风坡辐合,对降水有一定的增强作用,并影响降水落区。最后,研究相对风暴螺旋度与强降水落区发现,两者具有较高的相关性,螺旋度对降水预报提前量超过4 h,且螺旋度中心值越大,雨强越大,螺旋度中心强度的维持预示着强降水的持续,因此相对风暴螺旋度在沂沭泗流域暴雨的预报中可作为重要的参考因子。
文摘为了解决金融FAST(financial information exchange adapted for streaming)协议面临的纯软件解码延迟高,FPGA(field programmable gate array)硬件解码开发周期长、更新困难的问题,提出了基于OpenCL和HLS的硬件解码模式。通过对FAST数据解码的标记、切分、合并、解码模块进行流水优化,对切分和字段解码进行并行操作,将数据的输入输出改为流式接口减少I/O口的延时以及对切分数组进行分割映射等优化方式实现了解码过程低延迟、低抖动。实验结果表明,相比纯软件解码,本文提出的解码器处理速度提升了11倍,解码延迟缩短至1/6,抖动幅度控制在10 ns之内。相比传统HDL方式的FPGA定制硬件开发,开发效率可提升3~4倍,从而更好地满足产品更新换代的需求。
文摘From June 18th to June 19th of 2009,Heilongjiang Province was hit by the regional rainstorm rarely paralleled in history.According to the findings based upon the conventional observation data,the precipitation occurred under the double-blocking situation of Ural Mountains and the Sea of Okhotsk.The main influencing systems were the upper vortex and northward low-pressure that came from Hetao area,accompanied by the delivery of high and low level jet stream.The results showed that the evolvement of blocking high,transfer of water vapor and configuration of high and low level jet stream were the key factors resulting in the rainfall process.
