Higher testosterone levels are associated with increased highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol in men with cardiovascular disease： results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study

Aim： To study the relationship between circulating androgens （total testosterone [TT], free testosterone [IT] and dihydrotestosterone [DHT]） and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） in men with and without cardiovascular disease （CVD）. Methods： Cross-sectional analyses included 1 661 baseline samples from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study （MMAS）, a population-based cohort of men ages 40-70 years. Serum hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay and HDL-C was determined following precipitation of the lower density lipoproteins. CVD was determined by self-report. Analyses were performed using multiple linear regression. Results： TT and HDL-C were positively correlated in the entire sample （r = 0.11, P = 0.0001）. After adjusting for confounders, we found this relationship was mostly limited to the 209 men with CVD. Among men with CVD, TT （P = 0.0004）, iT （P = 0.0172） and DHT （P = 0.0128） were all positively correlated with HDL-C, whereas in men without CVD only TT correlated with HDL-C （P = 0.0099）. Conclusion： Our results suggest that if androgens contribute to CVD in middle-aged men, the effect is not related to a suppressive effect of endogenous T on HDL-C. （Asian JAndrol 2008 Mar; 10： 193-200）

High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and In-hospital Mortality in Patients with Acute Aortic Dissection

The association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C） and mortality in patients with acute aortic dissection（AAD） is unclear. From January 2007 to January 2014, a total of 928 consecutive AAD patients who were admitted within 48 h after the onset of symptoms were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether serum HDL-C level was below the normal lower limit or not. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to identify the predictive value of HDL-C for in-hospital mortality in patients with AAD. As compared with normal HDL-C group（n=585）, low HDL-C group（n=343） had lower levels of systolic blood pressure and hemoglobin and higher levels of leukocyte, alanine aminotransferase, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and urea acid. Low HDL-C group had significantly higher in-hospital mortality than normal HDL-C group（21.6% vs. 12.6%, log-rank=10.869, P=0.001）. After adjustment for baseline variables including demographics and biologic data, the increased risk of in-hospital mortality in low HDL-C group was substantially attenuated and showed no significant difference（adjusted hazard ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.86–1.77; P=0.259）. Low HDL-C is strongly but not independently associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with AAD.

Relationship of Circulating High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Anemia

Circulating level of low HDLC （high-density lipoprotein cholesterol） represents a common critical risk factor for IHD （ischemic heart disease） and may further aggravate the condition in anemic subjects, as the presence of anemia itself is a threat to cardiovascular consequences. To investigate the relationship of circulating HDLC with anemia, first we determined the levels of total hemoglobin （Hb） in a total of 301 subjects （male, n = 158; female, n = 143） randomly, and then examined the circulating levels of HDLC in fasting condition. Age of the study subjects was 47.9 ~ 16.6 （mean ＋ SD） years. Both the male and female subjects were divided into three groups according to their levels of Hb. The relationship of circulating levels of HDLC with the levels of total Hb was statistically analyzed. In case of the male subjects, we found that the levels of HDLC differed significantly among the three groups with different levels of Hb （P = 0.0233） and decrease in the levels of HDLC correlated significantly with the gradual decrease of total Hb level （r = 0.2504; P = 0.0015）. In female subjects, we observed a similar trend of difference among the three groups （P = 0.0685）. However, decrease in the levels of HDLC correlated significantly with the gradual decrease of Hb level （r = 0,2199; P = 0.0083）. Altogether, this study demonstrates that decrease in the circulating HDLC is related to the gradual decrease of Hb level. This study also indicates that circulating level of HDLC may be influenced by the level of total Hb and reveals the cardiovascular risks in anemia as well.

A Possible Mechanism Linking Hyperglycemia and Reduced High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Diabetes

This study investigated the role of glucose in the biogenesis of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C).Mouse primary peritoneal macrophages were harvested and maintained in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium(DMEM) containing glucose of various concentrations.The cells were divided into 3 groups in terms of different glucose concentrations in the cultures:Control group(5.6 mmol/L glucose),high glucose concentration groups(16.7 mmol/L and 30 mmol/L glucose).ATP-binding cassette transporter A1(ABCA1) mRNA expression in the macrophages was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR 24,48 and 72 h after glucose treatment.The results showed that ABCA1 mRNA expression in the 16.7 mmol/L glucose group was not significantly different from that in the control group at all testing time points(P>0.05 for each).In the 30 mmol/L glucose group,macrophage ABCA1 mRNA expression was not changed significantly at 24 h(P=0.14),but was substantially decreased by 40.4% at 48 h(P=0.009) and by 48.1% at 72 h(P=0.015) as compared with that in the control group.It was concluded that ABCA1 is of vital importance for HDL-C biogenesis.High glucose may hamper HDL-C biogenesis by decreasing ABCA1 expression,which contributes to low HDL-C level in diabetes.

High Density Lipoprotein Phospholipids as a Marker of Coronary Heart Disease of Shen-Yang Deficiency Syndrome

Objective: To seek a new biochemical index for diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD) of shen-Yang deficiency syndrom (CHD-SYD). Methods: Sixty-one patients with CHD were divided into 3 groups according to their TCM Syndrome type, 10 patients in the group without Xin-Qi deficiency (Group A), 25 in the group with Xin-Qi deficiency but without Shen-Yang deficiency (Group B) and 26 in the group both with Xin-Qi deficiency and Shen-Yang deficiency (Group C). Levels of 17-hydroxy-corticoste-roid in urine (urinary 17-OHCS) per 24 hrs, and serum level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and high density lipoprotein phospholipid (HDL-PL) in them were determined in synchrostep and compared with those in the control group of 23 healthy aged persons, urinary 17-OHCS per 24 hrs was taken as the diagnostic standard to screen a new index for diagnosis of Shen-Yang deficiency Syndrome, and preliminary appraisal to the index was made. Results: Serum HDL-PL in the CHD-SYD patients( Group C) was 616+157 mg/L, which was obviously lower than that in the patients of Group A and B. With low HDL-PL(<650 mg/L) used as the index to diagnose CHD-SYD, the sensitivity was 73%, the specificity 86% and the accuracy 80%. Conclusion: HDL-PL <650 mg/L could be adopted as an index for CHD-SYD diagnosis, which is simple and practical.

Research progress of monocyte/high density lipoprotein ratio in cardiovascular diseases

In recent years,monocyte to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio(MHR)has attracted wide attention as a new marker of inflammatory response.This indicator includes two aspects:inflammatory response and lipid accumulation,which are the two most basic characteristics of Atherosclerosis(AS).AS is closely related to the occurrence of Cardiovascular diseases(CVD).A large number of existing studies have confirmed that MHR is an inflammatory marker that can dynamically reflect the trend of inflammation,can reflect the chronic inflammatory response in blood vessels,and can evaluate the occurrence,development and prognosis of cardiovascular disease in a non-invasive manner.This article reviews recent studies on the role of monocytes and high-density lipoproteins in chronic inflammation of blood vessels,as well as the current status of research on MHR and cardiovascular disease in the light of recent literature.

Lipoprotein in cholesterol transport: Highlights and recent insights into its structural basis and functional mechanism

Lipoproteins are protein-lipid macromolecular assemblies which are used to transport lipids in circulation and are key targets in cardiovascular disease （CVD）. The highly dynamic lipoprotein molecules are capable of adopting an array of conformations that is crucial to lipid transport along the cholesterol transport pathway, among which high-density lipopro- tein （HDL） and low-density lipoprotein （LDL） are major players in plasma cholesterol metabolism. For a more detailed illustration of cholesterol transport process, as well as the development of therapies to prevent CVD, here we review the functional mechanism and structural basis of lipoproteins in cholesterol transport, as well as their structural dynamics in the plasma lipoprotein （HDL and LDL） elevations, in order to obtain better quantitative understandings on structure-function relationship of lipoproteins. Finally, we also provide an approach for further research on the lipoprotein in cholesterol transport.

High-density lipoprotein endocytosis in endothelial cells

AIM: To describe the way stations of high-density lipoprotein(HDL) uptake and its lipid exchange in endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: A combination of fluorescence microscopy using novel fluorescent cholesterol surrogates and electron microscopy was used to analyze HDL endocytosis in great detail in primary human endothelial cells. Further, HDL uptake was quantified using radio-labeled HDL particles. To validate the in vitro findings mice were injected with fluorescently labeled HDL and particle uptake in the liver was analyzed using fluorescencemicroscopy. RESULTS: HDL uptake occurred via clathrin-coated pits, tubular endosomes and multivesicular bodies in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. During uptake and resecretion, HDL-derived cholesterol was exchanged at a faster rate than cholesteryl oleate, resembling the HDL particle pathway seen in hepatic cells. In addition, lysosomes were not involved in this process and thus HDL degradation was not detectable. In vivo, we found HDL mainly localized in mouse hepatic endothelial cells. HDL was not detected in parenchymal liver cells, indicating that lipid transfer from HDL to hepatocytes occurs primarily via scavenger receptor, class B, type Ⅰ mediated selective uptake without concomitant HDL endocytosis. CONCLUSION: HDL endocytosis occurs via clathrincoated pits, tubular endosomes and multivesicular bodies in human endothelial cells. Mouse endothelial cells showed a similar HDL uptake pattern in vivo indicating that the endothelium is one major site of HDL endocytosis and transcytosis.

老年女性髋部脆性骨折患者骨转换特征及其与血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的相关性

目的探讨骨转换与老年女性髋部脆性骨折(fragile hip fracture,HF)风险及与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLc)的相关性。方法选取2021年1月至2022年12月年龄≥60岁女性住院骨质疏松症患者共661例,分为无骨折组(A组)266例和HF组(B组)395例。检测总胆固醇(Tch)、甘油三酯(TG)、HDLc、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLc)、骨钙素N段中分子片段(N-MID OC)、Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽β特殊序列(β-CTX)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(Alb)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)、镁(Mg)、尿素(Urea)、肌酐(Cr)、胱抑素C(Cys-C)、肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、骨形成率(MoMF)、骨吸收率(MoMR)及骨转化率(MoT)。结果(1)HF组TP[118(108,128)vs 124(114,131)]、Alb[38.4±3.7 vs 40.0±4.3]、HDLc[1.51(1.24,1.71)vs 1.54(1.37,1.73)]、Ca[2.21±0.12 vs 2.29±0.12]、P[1.03±0.16 vs 1.08±0.17]含量较无骨折组降低,年龄[76(68,83)vs 73(67,78)]、β-CTX[0.57(0.40,0.77)vs 0.34(0.19,0.56)]、MoMR[1.84(1.30,2.51)vs 1.09(0.61,1.83)]及MoT[2.16(1.56,2.85)vs 1.56(1.09,2.38)]较无骨折组增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。N-MID OC、MoMF、Urea、Cr、Cys-C、eGFR、Tch、TG、LDLc及Mg差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)老年女性HF与HDLc、TP、ALB、Ca、P、Mg呈负相关(r=-0.09、-0.26、-0.16、-0.28、-0.12、-0.03,P<0.05),与年龄、β-CTX、MoMR、MoT呈正相关(r=0.17、0.36、0.36、0.26,P<0.05),与N-MID OC、MoMF、Urea、Cr、Cys-C、eGFR、Tch、TG、LDLc无相关性(P>0.05)。(3)年龄、MoT、TP、Ca、P为老年女性HF的风险因素,OR分别为1.03(95%CI:1.01~1.06)、1.75(95%CI:1.44~2.12)、0.96(95%CI:0.92~0.99)、0.06(95%CI:0.01~0.37)、0.18(95%CI:0.06~0.6),P<0.05。(4)HDLc与骨转化间存在“U”型关系,P<0.01,其切点为1.692 mmol/L。结论高骨转换是老年女性HF的危险因素,其骨转化率与HDLc存在U型相关。

An Analysis of Health Factors Affecting Employees’ Absenteeism: Influences of HDL Cholesterol and Blood Sugar Levels

Background: Workers’ health condition is an important issue. It affects not only the well-being of workers but also the firms and society as a whole through medical costs and productivity losses due to absenteeism and presenteeism. Data and Methods: Data were obtained from 1136 employees at an operational site of a large corporation. The dataset contained both medical checkups and working record information. Health factors affecting long-term absence (over three days in three months) were analyzed. Logistic regression models and the procedure for selecting proper covariates based on likelihood test statistics and the Akaike information criterion were used. Results: Among health factors, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and blood sugar levels were important in the selected model. For HDL-C, the odds ratio (OR) based on one standard deviation difference was 0.75 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.59 - 0.95. For blood sugar, the OR was 1.20 with a 95% CI of 1.01 - 1.42. Improving HDL-C and blood sugar levels would reduce long-term absence by 25% and 20%, respectively. Conclusion: Controlling HDL-C and blood sugar levels is important to reduce long-term absenteeism. These factors can be improved by modifying eating habits. Since the operational site has its own company cafeterias, which most employees use, nutritional intervention is relatively easy with little or no cost. It may be worthwhile to implement nutritional intervention, especially for patients with low HDL-C or high blood sugar levels. Limitations: The results of this study were based on one operational site of a corporation. The employees were mainly operators working inside the building. The results may be different from other types of jobs and working conditions, such as fieldwork. Analyses of different types of jobs and working conditions are necessary.

THR、MHR和NHR对冠状动脉狭窄程度和行PCI的预测价值

目的 探讨总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(THR)、单核细胞与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(MHR)和中性粒细胞与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(NHR)对患者冠状动脉狭窄程度和行经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的预测价值。方法 回顾性选取2021年6月至2023年6月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院行冠状动脉造影的患者,严格纳入排除标准筛选,共纳入6 281例患者,分为PCI组和non-PCI组,收集所有患者的临床资料、实验室检查结果及介入治疗资料。采用Pearson相关性分析评估THR、MHR和NHR与冠状动脉狭窄程度之间的关联。使用二元Logistic逐步回归和受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估THR、MHR和NHR单一指标和联合指标对冠心病患者行PCI治疗的影响因素和预测价值。结果 与Non-PCI组比较,PCI组年龄偏大,男性占比、患糖尿病占比、THR、MHR、NHR、Gensini评分高于Non-PCI组,既往支架植入比例少于Non-PCI组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,THR(r=0.351,P<0.001)、MHR(r=0.192,P<0.001)和NHR(r=0.236,P<0.001)水平与冠状动脉狭窄程度的Gensini评分均存在显著正相关关系。多因素Logistic回归结果显示,年龄>50岁、男性、患糖尿病、THR、MHR、NHR是冠心病患者行PCI独立危险因素,既往支架植入史是冠心病患者行PCI的保护因素。ROC曲线结果显示,THR、MHR和NHR三者联合曲线下面积(AUC)最大(AUC=0.809,95%CI:0.798~0.820)。结论 THR、MHR和NHR与冠状动脉狭窄程度具有相关性,对评估冠心病行PCI治疗有较强的临床应用价值。

同型半胱氨酸、胱抑素C、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与脑小血管病患者认知障碍的关系

目的 探讨同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、胱抑素C(Cys C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)与脑小血管病(CSVD)患者认知障碍的关系。方法 回顾性选取2021年8月至2023年6月浙江中医药大学附属温州市中医院收治的119例CSVD患者为研究对象,根据蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Mo CA)评分分为认知障碍组62例,认知正常组57例;比较两组患者临床资料。采用多因素logistic回归分析CSVD患者发生认知障碍的影响因素,采用ROC曲线分析HDL-C、Hcy、Cys C对CSVD患者发生认知障碍的预测效能,采用Pearson相关分析这些实验室指标与CSVD认知障碍患者Mo CA评分的相关性。结果 认知障碍组高血压、糖尿病比例以及Hcy、Cys C水平均高于认知正常组,HDL-C、白蛋白水平均低于认知正常组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。高血压(OR=4.221)、糖尿病(OR=3.059)、HDL-C(OR=0.070)、Hcy(OR=1.176)、Cys C(OR=1.178)均是CSVD患者发生认知障碍的独立影响因素(均P<0.05)。HDL-C、Hcy、Cys C预测CSVD患者发生认知障碍的AUC分别为0.723、0.807、0.799。HDL-C与CSVD认知障碍患者Mo CA评分呈正相关(r=0.362,P=0.004),而Hcy、Cys C与Mo CA评分均呈负相关(r=-0.410、-0.394,均P<0.01)。结论 HDL-C、Hcy、Cys C与CSVD患者认知障碍的发生关系密切,可为认知障碍的诊断与防治提供参考。

急性病毒性肝炎患者凝血四项、血脂指标水平及其预后评估价值分析

目的分析急性病毒性肝炎(AVH)患者凝血四项、血脂指标水平及其评估预后的价值。方法选取2020年1月1日至2022年1月31日收治的300例AVH作为研究组,300例体检健康人员作为对照组。比较2组一般资料、凝血四项[凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、血脂指标[总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)]。研究组均行常规抗病毒、护肝治疗,比较研究组不同治疗效果患者治疗前后凝血四项、血脂指标,并分析治疗前凝血四项、血脂指标与治疗效果的相关性及预测治疗效果的价值。结果研究组外周血PT、APTT、TT长于对照组,FIB、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C水平低于对照组,TG水平高于对照组(P<0.01)。研究组治疗效果为无效患者治疗前、治疗后外周血PT、APTT、TT长于有效、显效患者,有效患者长于显效患者(P<0.05);FIB、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C水平低于有效、显效患者,有效患者低于显效患者,TG水平高于有效、显效患者,有效患者高于显效患者(P<0.05);研究组治疗后外周血PT、APTT、TT、TG水平与治疗效果呈负相关,FIB、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C与治疗效果呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01);治疗前凝血四项与血脂指标联合预测AVH患者治疗效果的曲线下面积为0.937(95%CI为0.903,0.962),预测敏感度、特异度分别为85.21%、88.61%,明显优于凝血四项、血脂指标单独预测(P<0.01)。结论AVH患者凝血四项、血脂指标存在明显异常,且治疗前凝血四项与血脂指标联合检测在预测治疗效果方面具有较高价值。

总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值同肩袖撕裂的相关性

目的 探讨总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值同肩袖撕裂发生的相关性。方法 选取2018年1月至2023年6月期间在昆山市中医医院骨科住院行肩关节镜手术治疗的患者797例,其中男259例,女538例;年龄40~79岁,平均(58.86±8.73)岁。按照是否存在肩袖撕裂分为肩袖撕裂组559例及非肩袖撕裂组238例。收集患者基本信息及实验室检查结果,使用多因素Logistics回归分析探讨总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值同肩袖撕裂发生的相关性。结果 肩袖撕裂组的年龄、空腹血糖、中性粒细胞、总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白比值高于非肩袖撕裂组。肩袖撕裂组的血红蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、血清镁及血清磷水平低于非肩袖撕裂组。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白比值同肩袖撕裂的发生有关。肩袖撕裂的患病率在总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白比值四个四分位呈升高的趋势(21.65%、24.15%、25.76%及28.44%)。结论 血脂异常与肩袖撕裂具有相关性,总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白比值越高,肩袖撕裂发生的风险越大。

身体质量指数联合三酰甘油与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值预测2型糖尿病风险

目的利用体检指标中身体质量指数(BMI)和三酰甘油与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,TG/HDL-C)联合预测2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)发病风险。方法基于瑞慈医疗集团2010—2016年体检人群的数据库,通过Cox比例风险模型观测不同BMI的人群基线TG/HDL-C对随访期间T2DM风险的影响,并分析TG/HDL-C与BMI是否存在交互作用。结果在随访期间,13685例研究对象中共有315例最终诊断为T2DM。以BMI=24 kg/m^(2)为界,将所有研究对象分成两个亚组。BMI<24 kg/m^(2)的亚组共有8238例研究对象,96例在随访结束时患T2DM,对潜在的混杂因素进行调整后,升高的TG/HDL-C导致T2DM事件的风险较高[HR 95%CI=1.47(1.23,1.74),P<0.001]。与最低五分位数(Q1)相比,升高的TG/HDL-C五分位数(Q2~Q5)T2DM发病率增加[HR 95%CI分别为:0.73(0.28,1.93)、2.75(1.29,5.85)、2.81(1.28,6.20)和3.91(1.51,10.11)]。BMI≥24 kg/m^(2)的亚组共有5447例研究对象,219例在随访结束时患T2DM。在两个亚组中,随着TG/HDL-C的增加,T2DM患病风险均呈非线性增加,这一变化在BMI<24 kg/m^(2)的亚组更为明显。绘制两个亚组TG/HDLC与3年和5年T2DM发病的ROC曲线,在BMI<24 kg/m^(2)的亚组中,ROC曲线下面积分别为0.72和0.77。在BMI≥24 kg/m^(2)的亚组中,ROC曲线下面积则分别为0.55和0.57。结论在BMI<24 kg/m^(2)的人群中,TG/HDL-C的升高提示T2DM患病风险显著增加。

非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、同型半胱氨酸水平与丘脑梗死患者认知障碍及预后的相关性

目的探讨非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与丘脑梗死患者认知障碍及预后的相关性。方法选择2017年3月至2021年3月濮阳市人民医院收治的丘脑梗死患者80例为研究对象。根据蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)量表得分将患者分为认知障碍组(MoCA评分<26分,n=35)和认知正常组(MoCA评分26~30分,n=45);另选择同期健康体检者50例作为对照组。采用全自动生物化学分析仪检测所有受试者血清中总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、Hcy水平,并计算non-HDL-C水平。采用Perason相关分析non-HDL-C、Hcy水平与MoCA评分的相关性,受试者操作特征曲线分析non-HDL-C、Hcy水平诊断丘脑梗死患者认知障碍的效能。根据改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分将丘脑梗死患者分为预后良好组(mRS评分≤2分,n=50)和预后不良组(mRS评分3~6分,n=50),采用多因素logistic回归分析丘脑梗死患者预后不良的独立危险因素。结果认知障碍组患者血清non-HDL-C、Hcy水平显著高于认知正常组和对照组(P<0.05);对照组与认知正常组受试者血清non-HDL-C、Hcy水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。丘脑梗死患者non-HDL-C、Hcy水平与MoCA评分均呈负相关(P<0.05)。Hcy水平诊断认知障碍的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.709,敏感度为0.724,特异度为0.630;non-HDL-C水平诊断认知障碍的AUC为0.738,敏感度为0.701,特异度为0.870;Hcy联合non-HDL-C诊断认知障碍的AUC为0.769,敏感度为0.758,特异度为0.889。Hcy联合non-HDL-C诊断认知障碍的效能优于non-HDL-C、Hcy单独诊断。心房颤动及non-HDL-C、Hcy水平和NIHSS评分升高是丘脑梗死患者预后不良的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论non-HDL-C、Hcy水平均与丘脑梗死患者认知障碍呈正相关,non-HDL-C、Hcy水平可用于诊断丘脑梗死患者认知障碍,且联合检测诊断效果更优。心房颤动及non-HDL-C、Hcy水平和NIHSS评分升高是丘脑梗死患者预后不良的独立危险因素。

MHR、NLR与急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓患者预后的关系

目的探究单核细胞与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(MHR)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)与急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓患者预后的关系。方法回顾性分析2021年1月—2022年12月蚌埠第一人民医院收治的110例急性缺血性脑卒中患者的病历资料。收集患者的基线资料,根据患者90 d时电话随访结果分为预后良好组和预后不佳组。采用多因素逐步Logistic回归模型分析影响患者预后的高危因素;绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估MHR、NLR对急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓患者预后的预测效能。结果110例急性缺血性脑卒中患者预后良好76例(69.09%),预后不佳34例(30.91%)。预后不佳组患者的白细胞计数、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、中性粒细胞计数、单核细胞计数、MHR、NLR高于预后良好组(P<0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、淋巴细胞计数低于预后良好组(P<0.05)。多因素逐步Logistic回归分析结果显示,白细胞计数[O^R=4.125(95%CI:1.409,12.068)]、NIHSS评分[O^R=4.860(95%CI:1.662,14.218)]、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇[O^R=0.234(95%CI:0.080,0.685)]、中性粒细胞计数[O^R=3.991(95%CI:1.364,11.676)]、单核细胞计数[O^R=3.529(95%CI:1.206,10.325)]、淋巴细胞计数[O^R=0.248(95%CI:0.085,0.724)]、MHR[O^R=3.445(95%CI:1.178,10.079)]、NLR[O^R=4.043(95%CI:1.382,11.829)]均为急性缺血性脑卒中患者预后不佳的影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,MHR、NLR单一及联合预测急性缺血性脑卒中患者预后的敏感性分别为82.35%(95%CI:0.648,0.926)、79.41%(95%CI:0.616,0.907)、85.29%(95%CI:0.682,0.944);特异性分别为76.32%(95%CI:0.649,0.850)、73.92%(95%CI:0.641,0.835)、88.16%(95%CI:0.782,0.941);曲线下面积分别为0.790(95%CI:0.712,0.869)、0.801(95%CI:0.732,0.891)、0.875(95%CI:0.810,0.940)。结论MHR、NLR水平与急性缺血性脑卒中患者的预后密切相关,且可用于预测患者的短期预后。

三酰甘油与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值对非酒精性脂肪性肝病严重程度的预测价值

目的探讨三酰甘油(TG)与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的比值(TG/HDL-C)对非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)严重程度的预测价值。方法选取2021年6月至2022年12月在武汉科技大学附属孝感医院健康管理部进行健康体检且诊断为NAFLD患者526例,根据腹部超声检查结果,分为轻度366例、中度129例、重度31例,比较3组间一般资料、生化指标、TG/HDL-C的差异及其相关性,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,评价TG/HDL-C对NAFLD严重程度的预测价值。结果(1)3组间体重、体重指数(BMI)、腰围、腰臀比、收缩压、舒张压、TG、HDL-C、TG/HDL-C、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、空腹血糖(FPG)、尿酸(UA)、脂肪百分比、内脏脂肪面积比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中,与轻度NAFLD组比较,中度与重度NAFLD组体重、BMI、腰围、腰臀比、TG、TG/HDL-C、ALT、AST、脂肪百分比、内脏脂肪面积均升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与中度NAFLD组比较,重度NAFLD组BMI、TG、TG/HDL-C、ALT、AST、UA升高,HDL-C降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)TG/HDL-C与腰围、臀围、腰臀比、BMI、舒张压、TC、FPG、UA、ALT、AST、内脏脂肪面积、TG呈正相关;与HDL-C呈负相关。(3)ROC曲线显示,TG/HDL-C诊断中重度NAFLD的截点值为1.76,灵敏度和特异度分别为0.494、0.787。结论TG/HDL-C与NAFLD严重程度密切相关,TG/HDL-C可用于临床上NAFLD的严重程度的预测。

血浆高密度脂蛋白水平对慢性阻塞性肺疾病相关肺动脉高压发病风险的预测价值

目的探究慢性阻塞性肺疾病相关肺动脉高压(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated pulmonary hypertension,COPD-PH)患者血浆中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)对发病风险的预测价值。方法回顾性纳入2019年1月—2019年8月同济大学附属上海市肺科医院643例健康体检者(作为正常对照组)、600例慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者和339例COPD-PH患者。收集患者的人口统计学指标、血生化指标和导管数据等临床资料。通过统计分析观察HDL-C对患者发病风险的预测作用。结果与对照组相比,COPD-PH患者血浆的总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、HDL-C、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A-I(apolipoprotein A-I,ApoA-I)的水平均降低(P<0.05);并且男性和女性患者血浆中TC、HDL-C和ApoA-I的水平均降低(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析发现,血浆中TC、HDL-C、LDL-C和ApoA-I能较好地区分患者与对照群体(P<0.001)。单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析经年龄、性别和BMI校正后,结果发现仅有HDL-C是独立预测COPD-PH患者发病风险增加的指标(P=0.015)。结论COPD-PH患者血浆中HDL-C水平显著下降,血浆HDL-C水平越低,COPD-PH的发病风险越高。

陕西省延安市成年人群血清n-HDL-C水平参考区间的建立及影响因素分析

目的建立陕西省延安市成年人血清非高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,n-HDL-C)的参考区间并分析影响因素。方法采用随机整体抽样的方法,抽取2023年1~9月陕西省延安市10个乡镇16921例成人为研究对象。调查年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒、锻炼、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、慢性病、居住、饮食习惯、婚姻状况、文化程度、月收入等。测量身高、体重、腰围和血压。检测血清三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TCHO)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)及脂蛋白a[Lp(a)]水平,计算n-HDL-C水平,n-HDL-C(mmol/L)=TCHO(mmol/L)-HDL-C(mmol/L)。按照WS/T402-2012《中华人民共和国卫生行业标准》建议的百分位数法计算95%参考区间(P_(2.5)~P_(97.5))。采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响血清n-HDL-C水平的影响因素。结果男性和女性血清n-HDL-C水平均呈非正态分布(S=2.119,2.091,均P<0.001)。男性>60岁血清n-HDL-C水平[2.98(2.50,3.37)mmol/L]与18~30岁[2.84(2.49,3.26)mmol/L],31~40岁[2.98(2.62,3.42)mmol/L],41~50岁[3.10(2.62,3.47)mmol/L]和51~60岁[3.05(2.64,3.46)mmol/L]比较,差异具有统计学意义(H=3.618~5.680,均P<0.05);女性51~60岁血清n-HDL-C水平[3.08(2.71,3.44)mmol/L]与18~30岁[2.64(2.29,3.07)mmol/L],31~40岁[2.67(2.31,3.08)mmol/L],41~50岁[2.94(2.58,3.29)mmol/L]比较(H=8.161~13.445,均P<0.001),>60岁血清n-HDL-C水平[2.98(2.57,3.34)mmol/L]与18~30岁、31~40岁、41~50岁比较,差异具有统计学意义(H=7.985~14.018,均P<0.001)。将无统计学意义的年龄组合并,得到成年人群血清n-HDL-C水平参考区间:男性18~60岁(1.97~3.97mmol/L),>60岁(1.86~3.91mmol/L);女性18~50岁(1.82~3.74mmol/L),>50岁(1.94~3.88mmol/L)。将纳入的16921例成人分为n-HDL-C水平正常组和异常组,两组血清TG(1.02±0.31 mmol/L vs 1.24±0.37mmol/L),TCHO(3.97±1.02 mmol/L vs 4.66±1.25 mmol/L),LDL-C(2.37±0.58mmol/L vs 2.59±0.67 mmol/L)水平及年龄(43.55±11.52岁vs 46.27±8.13岁)比较,差异具有统计学意义(t=2.041~3.151,均P<0.05),血清n-HDL-C水平异常率42.50%。经多因素Logistic回归分析,男性、锻炼缺乏、超重和肥胖、血脂异常、城市居民、高中及以上学历是该地区成年人血清n-HDL-C水平的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论初步建立了该地区成年人血清n-HDL-C水平参考区间,男性、锻炼缺乏、超重和肥胖、血脂异常、城市居民、高中及以上学历是该地区成年人血清n-HDL-C水平异常的影响因素。