Distortion-Free Data Embedding Scheme for High Dynamic Range Images

Distortion-free data embedding is a technique which can assure that not only the secret data is correctly extracted but also the cover media is recovered without any distortion after secret data is extracted completely. Because of these advantages, this technique attracts the attention of many researchers. In this paper, a new distortion-free data embedding scheme for high dynamic range （HDR） images is proposed. By depending on Cartesian product, this scheme can obtain higher embedding capacity while maintaining the exactly identical cover image and stego image when using the tone mapping algorithms. In experimental results, the proposed scheme is superior to Yu et aL＇s scheme in regard to the embedding rate——an average embedding rate of 0.1355 bpp compared with Yn et aL＇s scheme （0.1270 bpp）.

Multi-exposure fusion for high dynamic range scene

Due to the existing limited dynamic range a camera cannot reveal all the details in a high-dynamic range scene. In order to solve this problem,this paper presents a multi-exposure fusion method for getting high quality images in high dynamic range scene. First,a set of multi-exposure images is obtained by multiple exposures in a same scene and their brightness condition is analyzed. Then,multi-exposure images under the same scene are decomposed using dual-tree complex wavelet transform( DT-CWT),and their low and high frequency components are obtained. Weight maps according to the brightness condition are assigned to the low components for fusion. Maximizing the region Sum Modified-Laplacian( SML) is adopted for high-frequency components fusing. Finally,the fused image is acquired by subjecting the low and high frequency coefficients to inverse DT-CWT.Experimental results show that the proposed approach generates high quality results with uniform distributed brightness and rich details. The proposed method is efficient and robust in varies scenes.

Analysis of Wide-Bandgap Material OPFET UV Detectors for High Dynamic Range Imaging and Communication Applications

The ultraviolet (UV) photoresponses of Wurtzite GaN, ZnO, and 6H-SiC-based Optical Field Effect Transistor (OPFET) detectors are estimated with an in-depth analysis of the same considering the generalized model and the front-illuminated model for high resolution imaging and UV communication applications. The gate materials considered for the proposed study are gold (Au) and Indium-Tin-Oxide (ITO) for GaN, Au for SiC, and Au and silver dioxide (AgO2) for ZnO. The results indicate significant improvement in the Linear Dynamic Range (LDR) over the previously investigated GaN OPFET (buried-gate, front-illuminated and generalized) models with Au gate. The generalized model has superior dynamic range than the front-illuminated model. In terms of responsivity, all the models including buried-gate OPFET exhibit high and comparable photoresponses. Buried-gate devices on the whole, exhibit faster response than the surface gate models except in the AgO2-ZnO generalized OPFET model wherein the switching time is the lowest. The generalized model enables faster switching than the front-illuminated model. The switching times in all the cases are of the order of nanoseconds to picoseconds. The SiC generalized OPFET model shows the highest 3-dB bandwidths of 11.88 GHz, 36.2 GHz, and 364 GHz, and modest unity-gain cut-off frequencies of 4.62 GHz, 8.71 GHz, and 5.71 GHz at the optical power densities of 0.575 μW/cm2, 0.575 mW/cm2, and 0.575 W/cm2 respectively. These are in overall, the highest detection-cum-amplifi-cation bandwidths among all the investigated devices. The same device exhibits the highest LDR of 73.3 dB. The device performance is superior to most of the other existing detectors along with comparable LDR, thus, emerging as a high performance photodetector for imaging and communication applications. All the detectors show considerably high detectivities owing to the high responsivity values. The results have been analyzed by the photovoltaic and the photoconductive effects, and the series resistance effects and will aid in conducting further research. The results are in line with the experiments and the commercially available software simulations. The devices will greatly contribute towards single photon counting, high resolution imaging, and UV communication applications.

Fast Scheme for Projective Geometric Correction and Edge Blending Based on High Dynamic Range Images

With the development of graphic processing unit(GPU)power,it is now possible to implement geometric correction and edge blending functions on a single computer.However,the processing resources consumed by the geometric correction and edge blending phases still burden the system and slow down the main application considerably.A new platform independent scheme is proposed,minimizing the negative influence on performance.In this scheme,parameters for geometric correction and edge blending are firstly defined in an interactive way and recorded as a 32-bit high dynamic range(HDR) image,which is then used by high level shading language(HLSL) codes embedded in the main application as a lookup table,greatly reducing the computational complexity and enhancing flexibility.

Improvement of High Dynamic Range Capacitive Displacement Sensor by a Globalm Planarization

This study presents an improvement of high dynamic range contact-type capacitive displacement sensor by applying planarization. The sensor is called the contact-type linear encoder-like capacitive displacement sensor (CLECDiS), is a nano-meter-resolution sensor with a wide dynamic range. However, height differences due to patterned electrodes may cause a variety of problems or performance degradation. In devices of two glass wafer surfaces with patterned structures assembled face-to-face and in sliding contact, the heights of the patterns crucially affect their performance and practicality, so it should be planarized for reducing the problem. A number of techniques for planarizing glass wafer surfaces with patterned chrome electrodes were evaluated and the following three were selected as adequate: lift-off, etch-back, and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). The fabricated samples showed that CMP provided the best planarization. CMP was successfully employed to produce CLECDiS with improved signal reliability due to reduced collisions between electrodes.

Shape recovery using high dynamic range images

An effective method for object shape recovery using HDRIs (high dynamic range images) is pro-posed.The radiance values of each point on the reference sphere and target object are firstly calculated,thus the set of candidate normals of each target point are found by comparing its radiance to that of eachreference sphere point.In single-image shape recovery,a smoothness operation is applied to the targetnonnals to obtain a stable and reasonable result;while in photometric stereo,radiance vectors of refer-ence and target objeets formed due to illuminations under different light source direetions are directly com-pared to get the most suitable target normals.Finally,the height values ean be recovered from the result-ing normal field.Because diffuse and specular refleetion are handled in an unified framework with radi-ance,our approach eliminates the limitation presented in most reeovery strategies,i.e.,only Lambertianmodel can be used.The experiment results from the real and synthesized images show the performance ofour approach.

Novel Logarithmic Active Pixel Sensor with High Dynamic Range and High Output Swing

The logarithmic response complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS) image sensor provides a wide dynamic range, but its drawback is the lack of simple fixed pattern noise(FPN) cancellation scheme. Designed is a novel logarithmic active pixel sensor(APS) with high dynamic range and high output swing. Firstly, the operation principle of mixed-model APS is introduced. The pixel can work in three operation modes by choosing the proper control signals. Then, FPN sources of logarithmic APS are analyzed, and double-sampled technique is implemented to reduce FPN. Finally, according to the simulation results, layout is designed and has passed design rule check(DRC), electronic rule check(ERC) and layout versus schematic(LVS) verifications, and the post-simulation results are basically in agreement with the simulation results. Dynamic range of the new logarithmic APS can reach about 140dB; and the output swing is about 750mV. Results show that by using double sampled technique, most FPN is eliminated and the dynamic range is enhanced.

High Dynamic Range Image Fusion Based on Wavelet

With the developpment of image fusion technology and the maturity of wavelet theory, wavelet transform with its good time-frequency characteristics stands out in the field of image fusion. On the basis of wavelet transforms theory, this article proposes a high dynamic range imaging confusion method which combines with wavelet decomposition. First, perform a wavelet multi-scale decomposition to the two registered source image; then conduct wavelet inverse transform to the decomposed images. This paper focuses on the characteristics of high frequency and low frequency domain after wavelet decomposition,using different fusion methods in each of the frequency domain, finally obtain the fused image through inverse wavelet transform image reconstruction. The simulation results and evaluation index results show that, compared with other similar methods, this method is better in retaining the original image's details information, and improves the quality of fusion image.

Dynamic simulation and safety evaluation of high-speed trains meeting in open air

Dynamic responses of a carriage under excitation with the German high-speed low-interference track spectrum together with the air pressure pulse generated as high-speed trains passing each other are investigated with a multi-body dynamics method.The variations of degrees of freedom（DOFs：horizontal movement,roll angle,and yaw angle）,the lateral wheel-rail force,the derailment coefficient and the rate of wheel load reduction with time when two carriages meet in open air are obtained and compared with the results of a single train travelling at specifie speeds.Results show that the rate of wheel load reduction increases with the increase of train speed and meets some safety standard at a certain speed,but exceeding the value of the rate of wheel load reduction does not necessarily mean derailment.The evaluation standard of the rate of wheel load reduction is somewhat conservative and may be loosened.The pressure pulse has significan effects on the train DOFs,and the evaluations of these safety indexes are strongly suggested in practice.The pressure pulse has a limited effect on the derailment coefficien and the lateral wheel-rail force,and,thus,their further evaluations may be not necessary.

A high gain wide dynamic range transimpedance amplifier for optical receivers

As the front-end preamplifiers in optical receivers, transimpedance amplifiers （TIAs） are commonly required to have a high gain and low input noise to amplify the weak and susceptible input signal. At the same time, the TIAs should possess a wide dynamic range （DR） to prevent the circuit from becoming saturated by high input currents. Based on the above, this paper presents a CMOS transimpedance amplifier with high gain and a wide DR for 2.5 Gbit/s communications. The TIA proposed consists of a three-stage cascade pull push inverter, an automatic gain control circuit, and a shunt transistor controlled by the resistive divider. The inductive-series peaking technique is used to further extend the bandwidth. The TIA proposed displays a maximum transimpedance gain of 88.3 dBΩ with the -3 dB bandwidth of 1.8 GHz, exhibits an input current dynamic range from 100 nA to 10 mA. The output voltage noise is less than 48.23 nV/√Hz within the -3 dB bandwidth. The circuit is fabricated using an SMIC 0.18 μm 1P6M RFCMOS process and dissipates a dc power of 9.4 mW with 1.8 V supply voltage.

基于自适应多曝光融合的高动态范围表面测量方法

为解决结构光测量高动态范围表面物体时出现局部过度曝光或曝光不足的问题,提出一种改进的多曝光融合方法,利用自适应曝光代替手动曝光,并对图像融合过程进行优化。首先,将初始曝光时间下拍摄的图像利用直方图进行分析,将被测物体表面反射率不同的区域分为若干组,分别计算出每个组别的最佳曝光时间;在此基础上,拍摄不同组别对应最佳曝光时间下投射白光和条纹的图像,并去除图像中超过设定阈值的高灰度值区域,再将投射白光处理后的图像制作成掩模图,与相同曝光时间下投射条纹处理后的图像相乘,进而对多组相乘后的图像进行亮度压缩与融合;最后,通过CLAHE算法提高融合后所生成条纹图的对比度与清晰度,并对条纹解相后进行点云重建和尺寸测量。实验结果表明:文中方法中自适应曝光相较于手动曝光具有高效性和准确性,U型卡、连接块、圆盘三个高动态范围表面物体的点云重建率分别高达99.98%、99.74%、99.76%,测量出的标准块阶梯高度差绝对误差为0.062 mm,相对误差仅为0.69%,该方法有效解决了高动态范围表面物体测量时点云缺失的问题,提高了三维轮廓的测量精度。

低频大幅隔振器设计及实验

为了突破传统隔振器刚度和承载能力之间的矛盾,需要隔振器具有高的静态刚度,低动态刚度的特性.如今的准零刚度隔振器技术可以实现低频微幅隔振,但是对于大幅振动,隔振效果并不明显甚至失效,因此突破宽幅隔振成为隔振领域亟待解决的问题.为此,我们利用多稳态折纸通过并联装配的方式,构造具有宽幅零刚度区间的折纸型隔振器,以解决传统隔振器振动抑制幅值较低的问题.本文建立了宽零刚度隔振器模型,提出宽幅零刚度的设计方法,并通过动力学分析分析了模型的隔振效果.最后搭建试验样机,验证了理论的正确性.这种设计打破了传统准零刚度隔振器单点准零的设计准则,能够在一个大幅范围内保证稳定性,同时实现零刚度,极大拓宽了隔振器的适用范围.这种设计理念能够被用在新隔振材料设计和航空、船舶等大幅低频动态环境中.

A wideband large dynamic range and high linearity RF front-end for U-band mobile DTV

A wideband large dynamic range and high linearity U-band RF front-end for mobile DTV is introduced, and includes a noise-cancelling low-noise amplifier （LNA）, an RF programmable gain amplifier （RFPGA） and a current communicating passive mixer. The noise/distortion cancelling structure and RC post-distortion compensation are employed to improve the linearity of the LNA. An RFPGA with five stages provides large dynamic range and fine gain resolution. A simple resistor voltage network in the passive mixer decreases the gate bias voltage of the mixing transistor, and optimum linearity and symmetrical mixing is obtained at the same time. The RF front-end is implemented in a 0.25 #m CMOS process. Tests show that it achieves an IIP3 （third-order intercept point） of -17 dBm, a conversion gain of 39 dB, and a noise figure of 5.8 dB. The RFPGA achieves a dynamic range of-36.2 to 23.5 dB with a resolution of 0.32 dB.

基于三通道并行的高反光物体三维形貌测量

传统条纹投影技术测量高反光物体时因过度曝光导致相机失真,而常用的多重曝光时间法采集图像数量过多、耗时过长,为此提出了一种基于三通道并行的条纹投影强度预测与图像融合的方法。该方法根据被测物体的光强直方图分布计算条纹最佳投影光强比例关系,投影对应的红绿蓝条纹。利用彩色相机在多光通道下对投影条纹的不同响应,分离对应条纹图像并选择其中不饱和并且调制度最大的像素生成各自通道的图像掩膜,根据三通道下的掩膜图像和条纹图像合成高动态范围条纹图。通过相位解算与系统标定,最终恢复出高反光金属平面与球面零件的三维形貌。实验结果表明,该方法测量误差减小至传统方法的61.2%,同样采集12张条纹图像,仅增加1张预投影图像,提高系统适应性的同时也提升了测量精度。

星载高动态范围差分吸收成像光谱仪成像电路设计及实现

星载差分吸收成像光谱仪通常运行于太阳同步轨道,探测地表反射光的光谱并根据特征气体的谱线吸收强度测量区域内某些痕量气体浓度。第一代星载差分吸收光谱仪受限于探测器性能等原因,探测的动态范围不大,造成暗背景下数据信噪比低,亮背景下像元饱和。随着更大阱深,更高速度的探测器出现,第二代高动态范围的差分吸收成像光谱仪得以实现。本文介绍了高动态范围的差分吸收光谱仪成像电路的研制过程,包括器件选型,电路方案及电路测试,并对测试结果进行了分析。重点讨论了高动态范围的实现,给出了单点测量值的概念,提出了最大单点测量值的计算公式,解释了最大单点测量值与动态范围的关系,并评估了探测器件的单点探测能力,同时规划了未来进一步提高动态范围的方法,从而为同类设备的研制提供参考。

一种高灵敏度大动态范围的红外焦平面异形读出电路的设计

针对短波红外焦平面探测器高灵敏度、大动态范围的发展需求,设计了一款新型的红外焦平面异形读出电路。传统的像元只使用一种输入级,难以兼顾高灵敏度和大动态范围,而在该设计中包含的组合像元使用了CTIA和大动态范围两种输入级,兼顾了其优点。具体布局为每2×2个CTIA输入级模块阵列中间,含有1个直接注入模式/对数模式可切换的大动态范围输入级模块。工作模式有两种,第一种为CTIA输入级模块和直接注入模式的大动态范围输入级模块同时工作;第二种为CTIA输入级模块和对数模式的大动态范围输入级模块同时工作。基于0.18μm 3.3V标准CMOS工艺,绘制了CTIA输入级阵列规模为320×256,像元中心距为15μm的异形电路像元阵列版图。仿真结果表明,异形电路像元通过小积分电容实现了高灵敏度,通过对数光响应输出实现了大动态范围。

消除CDS折叠效应的增益自适应红外焦平面读出电路

高动态范围是红外焦平面探测技术的先进发展方向之一。高集成度像元读出电路的动态范围受到小电荷存储容量和噪声的限制。所设计的增益自适应像元读出电路,小信号下为电容反馈跨阻放大器(CTIA),大信号下自动转换为变阻抗电阻反馈跨阻放大器(RTIA),实现小信号大增益、大信号小增益的自动切换,将集成3.86 fF积分电容的CTIA电荷容量拓展到1.63 Me^(–)。在15μm像元中心距的像元内集成相关双采样(CDS)结构,大幅减小噪声。对CDS大信号注入产生的折叠效应进行理论分析,并设计抗折叠结构。采用180 nm 3.3V CMOS工艺,完成640×512规模的读出电路的设计、仿真、流片、测试。测试结果显示,该电路可消除CDS折叠效应,噪声电子数17 e^(–),动态范围拓展到99.66 dB。

空中目标动态HRRP特征可重构模拟方法

针对目前无源模拟技术无法实现目标动态电磁特征模拟的问题,提出了一种利用相位调制表面(phase-switched screen, PSS)进行空中目标动态高分辨距离像(high resolution range profile, HRRP)特征可重构的模拟方法。以无人直升机旋翼为例,对旋翼的运动状态进行了建模,并详细分析了其动态HRRP特征。另外,通过建立PSS的周期调制信号模型,详细分析了PSS对雷达入射波的调控效果。在此基础上,提出了一种调制频率时变的PSS可重构模拟方法,该方法能够生成随时间变化的可控谐波分量,模拟产生的谐波分量与无人直升机旋翼的动态HRRP特征变化规律相似。通过仿真数据对比分析,调制频率时变的PSS可重构模拟方法能够实现无人直升机旋翼的动态HRRP特征模拟效果。

极端曝光图像的多尺度分解细节感知融合算法

针对极端曝光(欠曝光和过曝光)图像动态范围低的问题,提出一种基于多尺度分解细节感知的图像融合算法。欠曝光图像经过细节增强后,与过曝光图像进行初步的粗融合;采用小波变换对细节增强后图像的亮度分量进行多尺度分解,并设计专门的高频和低频融合策略,实现亮度分量的精融合;将粗融合图像的色调、饱和度分量,与精融合图像的亮度分量重组,获得最终的融合结果。基于大量测试数据,实验结果表明所提方法在视觉效果方面表现优异,平均MEF-SSIM指标为0.9854,平均SSIM指标为0.6508,均优于现有主流算法。

面向高动态范围成像的内容恢复和鬼影抑制网络

基于多曝光融合的高动态范围(High Dynamic Range,HDR)成像旨在整合多幅低动态范围图像(Low Dynamic Range,LDR)的信息,以生成高质量的HDR图像.然而,抑制运动区域的鬼影信息和恢复过饱和区域的缺失信息仍是HDR成像面临的两大挑战.为了综合考虑对参考图像缺失内容的恢复和运动区域鬼影的抑制,文中提出面向HDR成像的内容恢复和鬼影抑制网络.在内容恢复方面,引入基于预测滤波的内容恢复块.由内容恢复块预测到的滤波核对参考图像特征进行滤波,整合参考图像和非参考图像中的关键信息,为有效进行缺失内容的重建提供更丰富的信息.为了抑制运动区域的鬼影信息并充分利用非参考图像中的互补信息,引入可变形卷积,将非参考图像特征与参考图像特征对齐.此外,为了提升网络的HDR图像重建能力,构建三支路图像重建模块,包括一条主支路和两条辅助支路,辅助支路协助主支路在HDR结果的生成过程中更好地保留细节.实验表明,文中网络在主观视觉和客观指标上均具有较优表现.