Ultra-high-field magnetic resonance:Why and when?

This paper briefly summarizes the development of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in medicine.Aspects of magnetic resonancephysics and-technology relevant at ultra-high magnetic fields as well as current limitations are highlighted.Based on the first promising studies,potential clinical applications at 7 Tesla are suggested.Other aims are to stimulate awareness of the potential of ultra-high field magnetic resonance and to stimulate active participation in much needed basic or clinical research at 7 Tesla or higher.

Interplay between out-of-plane magnetic plasmon and lattice resonance for modified resonance lineshape and near-field enhancement in double nanoparticles array

Two-dimensional double nanoparticle （DNP） arrays are demonstrated theoretically, supporting the interaction between out-of-plane magnetic plasmons and in-plane lattice resonances, which can be achieved by tuning the nanoparticle height or the array period due to the height-dependent magnetic resonance and the periodicity-dependent lattice resonance. The interplay between the two plasmon modes can lead to a remarkable change in resonance lineshape and an improvement on magnetic field enhancement. Simultaneous electric field and magnetic field enhancement can be obtained in the gap region between neighboring particles at two resonance frequencies as the interplay occurs, which presents “open” cavities as electromagnetic field hot spots for potential applications on detection and sensing. The results not only offer an attractive way to tune the optical responses of plasmonic nanostructure, but also provide further insight into the plasmon interactions in periodic nanostructure or metamaterials comprising multiple elements.

Enhanced resonance frequency in Co2FeAl thin film with different thicknesses grown on flexible graphene substrate

The flexible materials exhibit more favorable properties than most rigid substrates in flexibility,weight saving,mechanical reliability,and excellent environmental toughness.Particularly,flexible graphene film with unique mechanical properties was extensively explored in high frequency devices.Herein,we report the characteristics of structure and magnetic properties at high frequency of Co2FeAl thin film with different thicknesses grown on flexible graphene substrate at room temperature.The exciting finding for the columnar structure of Co2FeAl thin film lays the foundation for excellent high frequency property of Co2FeAl/flexible graphene structure.In-plane magnetic anisotropy field varying with increasing thickness of Co2FeAl thin film can be obtained by measurement of ferromagnetic resonance,which can be ascribed to the enhancement of crystallinity and the increase of grain size.Meanwhile,the resonance frequency which can be achieved by the measurement of vector network analyzer with the microstrip method increases with increasing thickness of Co2FeAl thin film.Moreover,in our case with graphene film,the resonance magnetic field is quite stable though folded for twenty cycles,which demonstrates that good flexibility of graphene film and the stability of high frequency magnetic property of Co2FeAl thin film grown on flexible graphene substrate.These results are promising for the design of microwave devices and wireless communication equipment.

Application of nuclear magnetic resonance technology to carbon capture,utilization and storage:A review

Carbon capture,utilization and storage (CCUS) is considered as a very important technology for mitigating global climate change.Carbon dioxide (CO2) injected into an underground reservoir will induce changes in its physical properties and the migration of CO2 will be affected by many factors.Accurately understanding these changes and migration characteristics of CO2 is crucial for selecting a CCUS project site,estimating storage capacity and ensuring storage security.In this paper,the basic principles of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technologies are briefly introduced in the context of laboratory experiments related to CCUS.The types of NMR apparatus,experimental samples and testing approaches applied worldwide are discussed and analyzed.Then two typical NMR core analysis systems used in CCUS field and a self-developed high-pressure,low-field NMR rock core flooding experimental system are compared.Finally,a summary of the current deficiencies related to NMR applied to CCUS field is given and future research plans are proposed.

Nuclear magnetic resonance measurement station in SECUF using hybrid superconducting magnets

Nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） is one of the most powerful tools to explore new quantum states of condensed matter induced by high magnetic fields at a microscopic level. High magnetic field enhances the intensity of the NMR signal, and more importantly, can induce novel phenomena. In this article, examples are given on the field-induced charge density wave （CDW） in high-To superconductors and on the studies of quantum spin liquids. We provide a brief introduction to the high magnetic field NMR platform, the station 4 of the Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility （SECUF）, being built at Huairou, Beijing.

3.0 T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the liver: Quantification of choline

AIM: To investigate the normal hepatic magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings choline/lipid2 (Cho/Lip2) associated with age and body mass index (BMI).METHODS: A total of 58 single-voxel proton spectra of the liver were acquired at 3.0 T using the eightchannel phased array abdominal coil as the receiver coil. Consecutive stacks of breath-hold spectra were acquired using the point resolved spectroscopy technique at a short echo time of 30 ms and a repetition time of 1500 ms. The spectra were processed with the SAGE software package. Areas and heights for metabolite resonance were obtained. Student's t test for unpaired data was used for comparisons of shimming, Cho/Lip2, and lipid content. RESULTS: There were significant negative correlations between the Cho/Lip2 peak height ratios and BMI (r=-0.615) and age (r=-0.398) (all P<0.01). Compared with the high-BMI group, the low-BMI group was younger (39.1±13.0 years vs 47.6±8.5 years, t=-2.954,P=0.005); had better water suppression (93.4%±1.4% vs 85.6%±11.6%, t=2.741, P=0.014); had higher Cho/Lip2 peak heights ratio (0.2±0.14 vs 0.05±0.04,t=6.033,P<0.000); and had lower lipid content (0.03±0.08 vs 0.29±0.31, t=-3.309, P=0.004). Compared with the older group, the younger group had better shimming effects (17.1±3.6 Hz vs 22.0±6.8 Hz, t=-2.919, P=0.008); higher Cho/Lip2 peak heights ratios (0.03±0.05vs 0.09±0.12,t=2.4, P=0.020); and lower lipid content (0.05±0.11 vs 0.23±0.32,t=-2.337,P=0.031). Compared with the lowcholine peak group, the high-choline peak group had lower lipid content (0.005±0.002 vs 0.13±0.23, t=-3.796,P<0.000); lower BMI (19.6±2.4vs 23.9±3.0, t=-4.410, P<0.000); and younger age (34.7±10.0 years vs 43.2±12.5 years, t=-2.088, P=0.041). CONCLUSION: Lipid accumulation could result from the increased fat in the body depending on age and BMI. Lipid can mask the resonance signal of choline.

7.0T nuclear magnetic resonance evaluation of the amyloid beta(1–40) animal model of Alzheimer's disease: comparison of cytology verification

3.0T magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging brain function in Alzheimer＇s disease. However, is a commonly used method in the research ot the role of 7.0T high-field magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in brain function of Alzheimer＇s disease remains unclear. In this study, 7.0T magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that in the hippocampus of Alzheimer＇s disease rats, the N-acetylaspartate wave crest was reduced, and the creatine and choline wave crest was elevated. This finding was further supported by hematoxylin-eosin staining, which showed a loss of hippocampal neurons and more glial cells. Moreover, electron microscopy showed neuronal shrinkage and mitochondrial rupture, and scanning electron microscopy revealed small size hippocampal synaptic vesicles, incomplete synaptic structure, and reduced number. Overall, the results revealed that 7.0T high-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy detected the lesions and functional changes in hippocampal neurons of Alzheimer＇s disease rats in vivo, allowing the possibility for assessing the success rate and grading of the amyloid beta （1-40） animal model of Alzheimer＇s disease.

7T超高场磁共振颅内血管壁成像在缺血性脑卒中病因分型中的研究进展

缺血性脑卒中的病因分型对临床治疗决策和预后判断有重要价值。近年来,随着高分辨率磁共振血管壁成像(high-resolution vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging,HR-VW-MRI)在脑卒中临床研究和实践中的应用增加,7 T MRI以其更高信噪比和更优图像质量,可发现脑血管早期、细微的病理变化,为深入了解各种脑血管疾病的病理机制提供了新思路。然而,超高场强也存在B1场不均、扫描时间长等技术挑战。本文就7 T HR-VW-MRI在缺血性卒中病因分型及临床应用中的进展进行综述,深入分析7 T HR-VW-MRI在提升临床诊断精确性与指导临床治疗中的潜在价值,为临床实践与科研探索提供参考。

磁共振增强扫描无强化的不同级别脑胶质瘤临床特征的对比分析

目的通过与磁共振增强扫描无强化的低级别脑胶质瘤患者进行对比,探讨磁共振增强扫描无强化的高级别脑胶质瘤的临床特征。方法回顾性分析2021年1月至2023年12月华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院神经外科收治的磁共振增强扫描无强化、接受手术治疗且病理学诊断明确的成人(年龄≥18岁)脑胶质瘤患者的临床资料。通过单因素分析对比高级别组[世界卫生组织(WHO)3、4级]与低级别组(WHO2级)的临床特征,并将其中差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)的因素纳人多因素logistic回归模型分析,寻找与高级别相关联的特征。结果共纳人126例患者,其中高级别组46例(36.5%),包括38例WHO3级和8例WHO4级患者;低级别组80例(63.5%)。单因素分析结果表明,两组患者的年龄、肿瘤生长速率、相对表观弥散系数、胆碱/肌酸及胆碱/N-乙酰天冬氨酸值、危险程度的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),而性别、有无癫痫发作、肿瘤的最大径或部位、有无瘤周水肿、T2-液体衰减反转恢复序列错配征、肿瘤病理学类型的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。多因素logistic回归模型分析显示,患者的年龄>40岁(0R=3.55,95%CI:1.30~11.48)、肿瘤生长速率>8mm/年(OR=17.30,95%CI:7.89~41.94)、较低的相对表观弥散系数(OR=0.77,95%CI:0.56~0.97)、较高的胆碱/肌酸比值(OR=1.14,95%CI:1.08~1.20)和胆碱/N-乙酰天冬氨酸比值(OR=3.73,95%CI:1.50~9.35)与肿瘤呈高级别有关(均P<0.05)。结论对于年龄>40岁和(或)肿瘤生长速率>8mm/年的磁共振增强无强化的脑胶质瘤患者,术前需高度警惕其病变为高级别的可能;进一步配合功能磁共振弥散加权成像和(或)磁共振波谱检查有助于术前对肿瘤级别的判断。

7T磁共振成像在脑小血管病中的应用进展

脑小血管病在老年人群具有很高的发病率,可显著增加脑卒中和痴呆的发生风险。迄今为止,该疾病尚无有效的临床和体液生物标志物,诊断鉴别高度依赖于MRI。然而,由于临床影像的空间分辨率所限,脑小血管损害难以直接评价,因此研究者们主要使用一些反映脑实质损害的影像标志物来评估小血管损伤。近年来,随着超高场(7T)MRI技术的不断成熟,其在脑小血管病领域的研究亦日趋广泛。7T-MRI能够直接评估脑小血管结构、功能,并显著提高微小脑实质病灶的检测敏感性,为脑小血管病机制研究和精准诊断提供了重要工具。本文将回顾近年来基于7T-MRI的脑小血管病研究,并讨论潜在的问题和未来研究方向,为相关研究工作者提供借鉴。

多模态高场MRI乳腺扫描对乳腺良恶性病变的诊断价值

目的 分析多模态高场磁共振成像(MRI)乳腺扫描诊断乳腺良恶性病变的临床价值。方法 收集2022年1月至2023年12月于河南科技大学第二附属医院进行乳腺MRI检查的79例乳腺患者的临床资料,所有患者入院后均接受高场MRI轴位T1加权成像(T1WI)、压脂T2加权成像(fs-T2WI)、扩散加权成像(DWI)、表观弥散系数(ADC)、动态对比增强(DCE),并将扫描的图像传至配套的后处理软件工作站建立病灶感兴趣区的动态增强曲线(DCE-TIC)及最大强度投影(MIP)图像、分析多模态高场MRI乳腺扫描在诊断乳腺良恶性病变方面的临床价值。结果 以组织病理学检查结果作为金标准,79例患者中发现81个病灶,其中良性病变44个,恶性病变37个,有2例患者存在2个病变并存的情况,1例是左乳纤维腺瘤,右乳微小粘液癌,1例是左乳发现2个病变,血管平滑肌瘤和叶状肿瘤并存。磁共振平扫、动态对比增强扫描和多模态高场MRI乳腺扫描诊断恶性病变的灵敏度分别为72.97%、86.49%、94.59%,特异度分别为54.55%、59.09%、81.82%,准确度分别为62.96%、71.60%、87.65%,约登指数分别为0.28、0.46、0.76。其中多模态高场MRI乳腺扫描诊断乳腺恶性病变效能最高,灵敏度、特异度、准确度及约等指数分别为94.59%、81.82%、87.65%,0.76,高于单一做乳腺磁共振平扫或单做动态对比增强成像。结论 多单一做乳腺平扫或DCE检查都有一定的不足,多模态高场MRI乳腺扫描诊断乳腺良恶性病变的诊断效能较好,对乳腺恶性病变诊断的准确性较高,对乳腺良恶性病变的诊断具有较高的临床价值。

盐酸替罗非班对急性进展性脑梗死脑灌注及MMP-9影响的系列研究Ⅱ

目的研究盐酸替罗非班对急性进展性脑梗死(APCI)脑灌注及血清基质金属蛋白-9(MMP-9)的影响,为APCI的治疗提供参考。方法纳入2019-01-2023-05新郑市公立人民医院住院的APCI患者132例为研究对象,随机分为A组(61例)和B组(61例);B组应用肠溶阿司匹林100 mg/d、氢氯吡格雷75 mg/d、阿托伐他汀钙40 mg/d等常规治疗,A组在入院时持续静脉泵入盐酸替罗非班代替肠溶阿司匹林和氢氯吡格雷,治疗前30 min内0.4μg·kg^(-1)·min^(-1)静脉泵入,之后以0.1μg·kg^(-1)·min^(-1)持续泵入,治疗至44 h复查头CT排除脑出血后加用肠溶阿司匹林和氢氯吡格雷,治疗48 h后停用盐酸替罗非班,其余治疗同B组。2组均在入院时及治疗后48 h行3.0T高场强磁共振脑灌注检查,以梗死区局部脑血容量(rCBV)、局部脑血流量(rCBF)、平均通过时间(MTT)、达峰时间(TTP)评价脑灌注效果,同时抽取外周静脉血检测MMP-9浓度。结果A组治疗前MTT(4.45±1.03)s,TTP(11.52±2.19)s,治疗48 h后MTT(2.06±1.41)s,TTP(8.17±2.01)s,均较治疗前明显缩短(P<0.05);治疗前rCBV(18.15±8.14)mL,rCBF(3.86±0.77)mL/min,治疗48 h后rCBV(37.42±6.17)mL,rCBF(8.18±0.51)mL,均较治疗前明显增加(P<0.05);治疗前血清MMP-9水平(205.04±41.15)μg/L,治疗48 h后为(158.22±62.07)μg/L,较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05)。B组治疗前MTT(4.84±1.73)s,TTP(12.06±2.33)s,治疗48 h后MTT(3.74±1.25)s,TTP(10.93±1.62)s,均较治疗前明显缩短(P<0.05);治疗前rCBV(18.04±7.25)mL,rCBF(3.91±0.63)mL/min,治疗48 h后rCBV(25.81±6.09)mL,rCBF(5.76±0.82)mL/min,均较治疗前明显增加(P<0.05);治疗前血清MMP-9水平(198.82±40.95)μg/L,治疗48 h后为(176.35±51.79)μg/L,较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05)。治疗48 h后A组和B组相比,MTT和TTP均明显缩短,rCBV和rCBF均明显增加,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗48 h后A组血清MMP-9较B组下降更明显(t=15.07,P<0.05)。结论盐酸替罗非班可显著改善APCI患者脑灌注、降低血清MMP-9水平,明显减轻APCI患者脑组织损伤,疗效优于传统疗法。

LAVA增强磁共振检查与高频腔内B超在高位复杂性肛瘘术前检查中的对比研究

目的探讨LAVA增强磁共振检查与高频腔内B超对高位复杂性肛瘘的术前诊断价值。方法回顾分析经手术证实的50例高位复杂性肛瘘的MRI图像及B超图像,以手术结果为标准,比较术前LAVA增强磁共振检查与高频腔内B超的结果。结果以手术结果为标准,高频腔内B超与LAVA增强磁共振检查的结果相比较,肛瘘内口定位准确率分别为91.1%和82.2%(X2=1.53,P>0.05),支管显示率为62.2%和88.8%(X2=8.66,P<0.01),肛周脓肿显示率为(9 5%和1 0 0%)X2=1.07,P>0.05),其它并发症显示率(50%和100%)(X2=8.6,P<0.01),肛瘘内口及肛周脓肿定位准确率差别无统计学意义,支管及其它并发症显示率差别具有高度统计学意义。结论高频腔内B超适用于单纯性肛瘘的术前诊断,而LAVA增强磁共振检查更适用于高位复杂性肛瘘的术前诊断。

Engineering high-performance dielectric chiral shells with enhanced chiral fields for sensitive chiral biosensor

Chiral metamaterials have been a topic of significant research interest in recent years due to their potential for various applications in nanophotonic devices and chiral biosensors.However,the intrinsic Ohmic loss in surface plasmonic resonance has limited their practical use,resulting in large light dissipation and weak chiroptical resonance.Here,we report on the development of high-performance dielectric chiral shells(DCS)through a two-step Si deposition process on a self-assembled microsphere monolayer.The form DCS sample completely oyercomes the cancelation effect originated from the disorder property of the micro-sphere monolayer in macroscale,and at a wavelength of approximately 710 nm,the measured optimal chiral signal(g-factor)and transmittance can reach up to 0.7 and 0.3,respectively.The strong chiroptical effect comes from the asymmetric circular displacement currents(i.e.,magnetic modes)enabled by the specific shell geometry.The chiral shell geometry,electromagnetic properties,sensor sensitivity of chiral molecules and figure of merit are systematically investigated.The DCSs demonstrate highly sensitive detection of chiral biomolecules owing to their easily accessible geometry and enhanced uniform chiral field.

7.0 T及以上的超高场MRI在骨骼肌肉系统的研究进展

随着磁共振磁场强度的不断提升、扫描技术的智能化、扫描序列的创新及优化、新技术的脱颖而出,骨骼肌肉系统在磁共振成像的应用也是日新月异。7.0 T及以上的超高场MRI在骨骼肌肉系统成像中信噪比的提升尤为显著,超高分辨率图像有利于软骨、骨、韧带、肌腱、半月板等解剖结构细节的观察、病变信息的显示和呈现,从而提高诊断的特异性及敏感度。超高场MRI有利于高级功能成像的实现,提供了组织生化和代谢信息。本综述通过进一步总结超高场MRI在临床诊断、疾病监测及科学研究中的不足,提出未来可向优化成像序列、降低伪影和提高磁场均匀性等方向发展,为临床医生和研究人员提供超高场MRI应用的最新进展和前景,以促进超高场MRI在医学中的广泛应用和发展。

超高场磁共振在骨肌系统的研究进展

超高场磁共振(ultra-high-field magnetic resonance,UHF-MR)对疾病诊断和细微结构显示一直是临床研究热点。但由于其固有特性,7 T UHF-MR的研究目前主要集中在中枢神经及部分骨肌系统疾病中。而5 T UHF-MR的问世,似乎为骨肌及全身系统的超高场成像带来了新的可能性。本文重点对UHF-MR的固有物理特性对骨肌系统疾病诊断的影响及UHF-MR在骨肌系统疾病中的临床研究进展展开综述,旨在增强医师对UHF-MR的了解,拓宽研究者的思路,进一步推动新型对比剂的开发、多模态成像技术的应用以及人工智能辅助诊断的结合,促进UHF-MR在骨肌系统疾病中的临床转化及应用。

CE-MRA联合HRMR-VWI技术对颅内“未破”动脉瘤稳定性的评估价值

目的探究增强磁共振血管成像(CE-MRA)和高分辨率磁共振血管壁成像(HRMR-VWI)技术对“未破”颅内动脉瘤(UIA)稳定性的评估价值。方法选取我院60例UIA(共68个瘤灶)患者为研究对象,将PHASES评分>3分者纳入破裂高风险组(n=31),≤3分者纳入破裂低风险组(n=37),比较两组一般资料、影像特征,分析UIA破裂的相关因素及UIA患者影像学参数与PHASES评分的相关性。结果破裂高风险组年龄、高血压、高血脂、ELAPSS评分、瘤体直径≥5mm、多发病灶、形态不规则、含有子囊、体颈比>1.6、瘤体体率>1.6、动脉瘤壁强化占比显著高于破裂低风险组(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,多发病灶、形态不规则、子囊、体颈比、动脉瘤壁强化、ELAPSS评分是影响UIA破裂的危险因素(P<0.05);Spearman相关系数分析显示,多发病灶、形态不规则、子囊、体颈比、动脉瘤壁强化与PHASES评分均呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论UIA患者CE-MRA和HRMR-VWI影像学特征性明显,其中多发病灶、形态不规则、子囊、体颈比、动脉瘤壁强化与UIA破裂风险评分均具有显著相关性。

高分辨磁共振成像评估动脉粥样硬化性颅内动脉狭窄患者的斑块强化特征及其与脑卒中的关系研究

目的:运用三维高分辨率磁共振成像(3D-HR-MRI)评估动脉粥样硬化性颅内动脉狭窄(ICAS)患者的责任斑块强化特征并探究其与脑卒中的关联性。方法:回顾性选取北京怀柔医院2019年4月至2022年4月收治的72例ICAS患者为研究对象,共有96个动脉粥样硬化性狭窄斑块。根据全脑数字减影血管造影结果将斑块分成轻-中度狭窄组(33个)和重度狭窄组(63个)。根据斑块发生时间(1个月内)划分为亚急性-急性斑块组(47个)和非急性斑块组(包括慢性斑块和无责任斑块)(49个)。由两位放射科医生对3D-HR-MRI的结果进行影像学特征评估,斑块强化程度以垂体强化程度为参照,根据斑块强度程度分成显著强化组(52个)和非显著强化组(包括中等强化组和非强化组)(44个)。分析ICAS、斑块强化程度和脑卒中的关联性。结果:72例患者中共检出96个动脉粥样硬化性狭窄斑块。多样本Kruskal-WallisH检验表明,脑卒中发生时间和斑块强化程度显著相关(H=3.294,P<0.05)。单因素Logistic回归分析表明急性斑块组和非急性斑块组间差异与ICAS程度[P<0.05,OR(95%CI)=1.0(0.3~2.6)]和斑块强化程度[P<0.05,OR(95%CI)=1.0(0.4~2.0)]均显著相关。多因素Logistic回归分析证实重度动脉狭窄[P<0.05,OR(95%CI)=1.0(0.3~1.9)]和斑块显著强化[P<0.05,OR(95%CI)=1.0(0.4~2.1)]均是脑卒中的独立危险因素。结论:严重的ICAS和斑块显著强化是脑卒中的独立危险因素,为临床脑卒中的预防、诊断和治疗提供了有效依据。

基于脑脊液冲刷规律探讨枣仁安神颗粒对大鼠睡眠作用机制研究

[目的]基于脑脊液分泌和冲刷作用规律探讨枣仁安神颗粒改善正常大鼠睡眠状态的作用机制。[方法]选取雄性SD大鼠44只,随机分为正常组和枣仁安神颗粒组,每组22只。连续8 d对枣仁安神颗粒组大鼠灌服枣仁安神颗粒水溶液,正常组以等量纯净水灌服作为对照。分析大鼠给药第6至8天脑电(EEG)、肌电(EMG)特征,觉醒期、非快眼动睡眠期(NREM)、快眼动睡眠期(REM)时长,给药8 d后,超高场强核磁共振成像设备检测大鼠中脑导水管中段处脑脊液平均流速,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定大鼠大脑前额叶皮质水通道蛋白1(AQP1)和钠离子(Na^(+))-钾离子(K^(+))-氯离子(Cl-)协同转运蛋白1(NKCC1)含量,蛋白免疫印迹(Western Blot)法检测大脑前额叶皮质AQP1、NKCC1蛋白表达(因EEG植入手术含金属,无法进行核磁共振监测,故每组用于EEG描述的有8只大鼠,核磁共振监测的有6只大鼠,检测蛋白表达情况的有8只大鼠)。[结果]与正常组相比,枣仁安神颗粒组觉醒期时间缩短(P<0.01),睡眠时间增加(P<0.01),NREM、REM时间增加(P<0.01),枣仁安神颗粒组第6、7、8天之间的觉醒时间逐日减少(P<0.01),睡眠时间逐日增加(P<0.01),NREM、REM时间增加(P<0.01),对大鼠24 h睡眠结构产生影响(P<0.01),中脑导水管中段处脑脊液平均流速加快(P<0.05),大脑前额叶皮质AQP1、NKCC1含量增加(P<0.05),大脑前额叶皮质AQP1、NKCC1蛋白表达升高(P<0.05)。[结论]枣仁安神颗粒可以显著缩短正常大鼠觉醒期,延长睡眠期,特别是NREM与REM,其机制可能与增加脑脊液分泌蛋白AQP1、NKCC1的蛋白表达从而促进脑脊液冲刷有关。

煤化工污泥的微生物种群结构与水分分布特征

现代煤化工产业是实现煤炭资源清洁化利用的重要途径,煤化工生产过程会产生大量含水率高、脱水性差的煤化工污泥,是制约煤化工产业发展的典型难处理固废。煤化工污泥的脱水性受污泥中微生物种群结构及水分分布特征的影响,对其解析将有助于揭示煤化工污泥的束水结构并可为煤化工污泥高效脱水方法的研发提供一定的理论指导。本研究以煤制烯烃污泥及煤制油污泥为研究对象,采用16s rRNA基因测序解析其微生物种群结构,通过差示扫描量热法(DSC,differential scanning calorimetry)和低场核磁共振法(LF-NMR,low-field nuclear magnetic resonance)表征污泥的水分分布特征。结果表明:两种煤化工产业选取的污水处理工艺不同,导致煤化工污泥的微生物种群结构存在一定差异,但变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)是两种污泥中的主要菌种;LF-NMR法测得水分分布更为准确,根据污泥中水的结合能可将其划分为结合水、机械结合水以及自由水,污泥中大部分水分(90%以上)为机械结合水;采用能够破坏污泥絮体及微生物群落结构的脱水方法,可以进一步实现煤化工污泥的高效、深度脱水。