Effects of High-Intensity Intermittent Training on Metabolic Parameters and Irisin Levels in High-Fat-Fed Rats

Objective:To investigate the effects of high-intensity intermittent training(HIIT)on preventing significant weight gain and provide scientific theoretical support and practical guidance for reducing the occurrence of obesity.Methods:Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups:the control sedentary group(CS),the high-fat sedentary group(HS),the high-fat continuous exercise group(HE),and the high-fat intermittent exercise group(HI).The HE and HI groups underwent five days of continuous low-intensity exercise and eight weeks of high-intensity intermittent exercise.Weekly monitoring included measurements of food intake and body weight.An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to assess blood lipid and glucose levels,while ELISA kits measured serum insulin and irisin content.H&E staining was used to observe adipocyte size.Results:In the HS group,body weight,blood lipid levels,blood glucose levels,and adipocyte size significantly increased,while the QUICKI index decreased.In the HI group,body weight,blood lipid levels,blood glucose levels,and adipocyte size decreased,and the QUICKI index increased.The effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise were superior to those of continuous low-intensity exercise.In the HI group,serum irisin levels did not change significantly after exercise,while in the HE group,there was a slight upward trend in irisin levels.Conclusion:A high-fat diet induced abnormal metabolism in rats.HIIT effectively prevents metabolic abnormalities induced by a high-fat diet,and its effects are more pronounced than those of low-intensity exercise.HIIT stimulates the secretion of blood irisin,affecting secretion levels,and may represent a novel mechanism for maintaining metabolic homeostasis.This has important implications for controlling significant weight gain.

Effectiveness of high intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness and endothelial function in type 2 diabetes:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a chronic metabolic syndrome characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia that may lead to endothelial dysfunction,reduced functional capacity and exercise intolerance.Regular aerobic exercise has been promoted as the most beneficial non-pharmacological treatment of cardiovascular diseases.High intensity interval training(HIIT)seems to be superior than moderate-intensity continuous training(MICT)in cardiovascular diseases by improving brachial artery flow-mediated dilation(FMD)and cardiorespiratory fitness to a greater extent.However,the beneficial effects of HIIT in patients with T2DM still remain under investigation and number of studies is limited.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of high intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness and endothelial function in patients with T2DM.METHODS We performed a search on PubMed,PEDro and CINAHL databases,selecting papers published between December 2012 and December 2022 and identified published randomized controlled trials(RCTs)in the English language that included community or outpatient exercise training programs in patients with T2DM.RCTs were assessed for methodological rigor and risk of bias via the Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro).The primary outcome was peak VO_(2 ) and the secondary outcome was endothelial function assessed either by FMD or other indices of microcirculation.RESULTS Twelve studies were included in our systematic review.The 12 RCTs resulted in 661 participants in total.HIIT was performed in 310 patients(46.8%),MICT to 271 and the rest 80 belonged to the control group.Peak VO_(2 ) increased in 10 out of 12 studies after HIIT.Ten studies compared HIIT with other exercise regimens(MICT or strength endurance)and 4 of them demonstrated additional beneficial effects of HIIT over MICT or other exercise regimens.Moreover,4 studies explored the effects of HIIT on endothelial function and FMD in T2DM patients.In 2 of them,HIIT further improved endothelial function compared to MICT and/or the control group while in the rest 2 studies no differences between HIIT and MICT were observed.CONCLUSION Regular aerobic exercise training has beneficial effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and endothelial function in T2DM patients.HIIT may be superior by improving these parameters to a greater extent than MICT.

High-Intensity Interval Training v/s Steady-State Cardio in Rehabilitation of Neurological Patients

Neuropathy is nerve damage that can cause chronic neuropathic pain, which is challenging to cure and has a significant financial burden. Exercise therapies, including High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and steady-state cardio, are being explored as potential treatments for neuropathic pain. This systematic review compares the effectiveness of HIIT and steady-state cardio for improving function in neurological patients. This article provides an overview of the systematic review conducted on the effects of exercise on neuropathic patients, with a focus on high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and steady-state cardio. The authors conducted a comprehensive search of various databases, identified relevant studies based on predetermined inclusion criteria, and used the EPPI automation application to process the data. The final selection of studies was based on validity and relevance, with redundant articles removed. The article reviews four studies that compare high-intensity interval training (HIIT) to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on various health outcomes. The studies found that HIIT can improve aerobic fitness, cerebral blood flow, and brain function in stroke patients;lower diastolic blood pressure more than MICT and improve insulin sensitivity and skeletal muscle mitochondrial content in obese individuals, potentially helping with the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. In people with multiple sclerosis, acute exercise can decrease the plasma neurofilament light chain while increasing the flow of the kynurenine pathway. The available clinical and preclinical data suggest that further study on high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and its potential to alleviate neuropathic pain is justified. Randomized controlled trials are needed to investigate the type, intensity, frequency, and duration of exercise, which could lead to consensus and specific HIIT-based advice for patients with neuropathies.

High-intensity interval training for health benefits and care of cardiac diseases——The key to an efficient exercise protocol

Aerobic capacity, which is expressed as peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), is well-known to be an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular prognosis. This is true even for people with various coronary risk factors and cardiovascular diseases. Although exercise training is the best method to improve VO2peak, the guidelines of most academic societies recommend 150 or 75 min of moderate- or vigorous- intensity physical activities, respectively, every week to gain health benefits. For general health and primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been recognized as an efficient exercise protocol with short exercise sessions. Given the availability of the numerous HIIT protocols, which can be classified into aerobic HIIT and anaerobic HIIT [usually called sprint interval training (SIT)], professionals in health-related fields, including primary physicians and cardiologists, may find it confusing when trying to select an appropriate protocol for their patients. This review describes the classifications of aerobic HIIT and SIT, and their differences in terms of effects, target subjects, adaptability, working mechanisms, and safety. Understanding the HIIT protocols and adopting the correct type for each subject would lead to better improvements in VO2peak with higher adherence and less risk.

Femoral neck stress fracture and medial tibial stress syndrome following high intensity interval training: A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Femoral and tibial stress injuries are commonly found in long distance running athletes.Stress fractures have rarely been reported in athletes performing high intensity interval training(HIIT)exercise.The objective of this study was to report a case of a patient who presented with medial tibial stress syndrome and femoral neck stress fracture after performing HIIT exercises.CASE SUMMARY A 26 year old female presented with bilateral medial tibial pain.She had been performing HIIT exercise for 45 min,five times weekly,for a seven month period.Her tibial pain was gradual in onset,and was now severe and worse on exercise,despite six weeks of rest.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)revealed bilateral medial tibial stress syndrome.As she was taking norethisterone for birth control,a dual energy X-ray absorbitometry scan was performed which demonstrated normal bone mineral density of her lumbar spine and femoral neck.She was managed conservatively with analgesia and physiotherapy,but continued to exercise against medical advice.She presented again six months later with severe right hip pain.MRI of her right hip demonstrated an incomplete stress fracture of her subtrochanteric region.Her symptoms resolved with strict rest and physiotherapy.CONCLUSION HIIT may cause stress injury of the tibia and femur in young individuals.

Health Promotion in Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients through the Use of a High-Intensity Interval Training Protocol

According to the American Heart Association’s (AHA) recent statistical update, over 2150 Americans die each day from cardiovascular disease (CVD), which equals approximately 1 death every 40 seconds;many of which were under the age of 65 years old [1]. In 2009, 386,324 people, 1 in 6 Americans, died as a result of coronary artery disease (CAD) alone [1]. They also estimate 150,000 people have “silent” heart attacks each year [1]. Even though the number of cardiovascular disease deaths has declined in the last 10 years, they still accounted for 32.3% of American deaths [1]. As a result, the AHA updated their 2020 goals to improve the nation’s cardiovascular health by 20% [1]. One of these methods is through the use of cardiac rehabilitation. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a health promotion strategy to help return cardiac patients to their previous level of functioning, increase health, decrease comorbidities and promote education and lifestyle change. For select patients, another alternative exercise plan may exist to gain even better results. High intensity interval training (HIIT) has shown positive training results for athletes and many studies show that it may also be an effective exercise modality for many cardiac patients instead of the traditional circuit training method. This article will review current literature on the effects of HIIT on CR patients as well as a sample HIIT protocol for instituting this treatment with appropriate patients.

Extremely low-volume, high-intensity interval training improves exercise capacity and increases mitochondrial protein content in human skeletal muscle

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whole-muscle content of several proteins involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial protein content and anaerobic capacity following 4 weeks of extremely low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIT). Methods: Young, healthy, recreationally active adult males (n = 8) trained 4 times a week for 4 weeks on a cycle ergometer. Each session involved 4 min of total exercise comprised of eight 20 s intervals at ~170% of peak aerobic power separated by 10 s rest. Muscle biopsies were taken prior to (pre) and ~72 hrs post-training (post). Par- ticipants completed an incremental peak oxygen up- take (VO2peak) test and a Wingate test pre-, mid-, and post-training. Results: VO2peak was elevated (p p < 0.05) and post-training (pre: 40.5 ± 3.8 ml·kg-1·min-1, mid: 43.4 ± 2.5 ml·kg-1·min-1, post-: 47.2 ± 2.9 ml·kg-1·min-1). Wingate mean power also increased with training (pre-: 701.0 ± 73.0 W, mid-: 745.5 ± 73.3 W, post-: 786.8 ± 80.0 W). While maximal citrate synthase activity was unchanged, protein expression of the mitochondrial protein cytochrome c oxidase (COX) subunit I (+27%;p p p = 0.08) increased. Increases (p α (+19%), and nuclear PGC-1α (+46%) were also observed after 4 weeks of HIT. No changes were observed in the whole-muscle contents of PDHe1a, PDK4, SIRT1, mTOR, S6K1, MCT1, or PFK protein. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that several mitochondrial protein (but not citrate synthase activity), PGC-1α protein content, and exercise capacity can be improved in only 4 min of total training time per day, 4 days per wk using HIT cycle training.

The Comparison of the Effects of Two Types of High Intensity Interval Training （HILT） on Body Mass and Physiological Indexes in Inactive Female Students

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two types of high intensity interval training （HIIT） on body mass and physiological indexes in inactive female students. 27 inactive female students （mean age 24.81 ±0.66 yr, height 162.09 ±0.67 cm, weight 59.41 ±0.33 kg） were voluntarily selected and randomly assigned to three groups （each group = 9 subjects） of high intensity interval training （type I）, high intensity interval training （type 2） and control. HIIT （type 1） （8 seconds of sprint running and 12 seconds of active recovery） was performed for 4 weeks, 3 sessions per week, 6-9 min. per session with above 90% maxHR. HIlT （type 2） （40-m shuttle run test with maximum speed） was performed with above 90% max HR while the control group did not participate in any training. Data analysis with dependent t test showed that HIIT （type 1） and HIlT （type 2） significantly increased VO2max while they decreased fat percentage and BMI. The intergroup data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA at P 〈 0.05. The results showed a significant difference among HIlT （type 1）, HIIT （type 2） and control groups in VO2max, BMI and fat percentage.

High-Intensity Interval Training and Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus often develops on the background of insulin resistance. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is included in the treatment of diabetes mellitus since it increases the sensitivity of tissues to insulin. Objective: This paper aimed to review published articles on the effects of HIIT on insulin resistance in diabetic patients. Method: A narrative literature review was undertaken. This review provides evidence from human studies, which highlights the beneficial effects of HIIT in both T1DM and T2DM patients. Conclusion: HIIT is generally safe and effective for people with diabetes mellitus and warrants further exploration.

Suppressive effects of exercise-conditioned serum on cancer cells:A narrative review of the influence of exercise mode,volume,and intensity

Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide,and the incidence is increasing,highlighting the need for effective strategies to treat this disease.Exercise has emerged as fundamental therapeutic medicine in the management of cancer,associated with a lower risk of recur-rence and increased survival.Several avenues of research demonstrate reduction in growth,proliferation,and increased apoptosis of cancer cells,including breast,prostate,colorectal,and lung cancer,when cultured by serum collected after exercise in vitro(i.e.,the cultivation of cancer cell lines in an experimental setting,which simplifies the biological system and provides mechanistic insight into cell responses).The underlying mechanisms of exercise-induced cancer suppressive effects may be attributed to the alteration in circulating factors,such as skeletal muscle-induced cytokines(i.e.,myokines)and hormones.However,exercise-induced tumor suppressive effects and detailed information about training interventions are not well investigated,constraining more precise application of exercise medicine within clinical oncology.To date,it remains unclear what role different training modes(i.e.,resistance and aerobic training)as well as volume and intensity have on exercise-condi-tioned serum and its effects on cancer cells.Nevertheless,the available evidence is that a single bout of aerobic training at moderate to vigorous intensity has cancer suppressive effects,while for chronic training interventions,exercise volume appears to be an influential candidate driving cancer inhibitory effects regardless of training mode.Insights for future research investigating training modes,volume and intensity are provided to further our understanding of the effects of exercise-conditioned serum on cancer cells.

How does high-intensity intermittent training affect recreational endurance runners? Acute and chronic adaptations: A systematic review

Objective: This systematic review aimed to critically analyze the literature to determine how high-intensity intermittent training(HIIT) affects recreational endurance runners in the short-and long-term.Methods: Electronic databases were searched for literature dating from January 2000 to October 2015. The search was conducted using the key words "high-intensity intermittent training" or "high-intensity interval exercise" or "interval running" or "sprint interval training" and "endurance runners" or "long distance runners". A systematic approach was used to evaluate the 783 articles identified for initial review. Studies were included if they investigated HIIT in recreational endurance runners. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro) scale(for intervention studies) and the modified Downs and Black Quality Index(for cross-sectional studies).Results: Twenty-three studies met the inclusionary criteria for review. The results are presented in 2 parts: cross-sectional(n = 15) and intervention studies(n = 8). In the 15 cross-sectional studies selected, endurance runners performed at least 1 HIIT protocol, and the acute impact on physiological, neuromuscular, metabolic and/or biomechanical variables was assessed. Intervention studies lasted a minimum of 4 weeks, with 10 weeks being the longest intervention period, and included 2 to 4 HIIT sessions per week. Most of these studies combined HIIT sessions with continuous run(CR) sessions; 2 studies' subjects performed HIIT exclusively.Conclusion: HIIT-based running plans(2 to 3 HIIT sessions per week, combining HIIT and CR runs) show athletic performance improvements in endurance runners by improving maximal oxygen uptake and running economy along with muscular and metabolic adaptations. To maximize the adaptations to training, both HIIT and CR must be part of training programs for endurance runners.

高强度间歇训练在航天失重防护中的应用

失重环境暴露时,体液的头向分布会导致心血管功能紊乱,去重力性卸荷会导致神经及肌肉发生退行性适应,从而使航天员重返地球重力环境时面临众多挑战,严重时甚至威胁航天员的健康和安全。运动锻炼虽然是最为有效的失重对抗防护措施,但当前基于传统运动锻炼的失重防护方案耗时过多。高强度间歇训练(HIIT)作为一种广泛应用于竞技体育的高效训练策略,可通过高强度运动结合小低度间歇或主动休息的重复组合在短期内快速提升人体运动表现。采用不同模式的HIIT训练组合可同时改善心肺健康和神经肌肉功能。HIIT或许是一种更为有效的运动锻炼失重防护策略。笔者通过对HIIT分类、作用机制和训练效果决定因素的系统综述,并对在太空失重环境中执行HIIT进行了可行性分析,提出HIIT或许可以成为当前空间站航天员运动锻炼方案的优化策略,从而更为有效地节约资源。因此,有必要首先采取地基模拟失重实验对各种拟用于航天员失重防护的HIIT训练方案进行深入研究和充分验证。

高强度间歇运动和中等强度持续运动对抑制功能影响的元分析

目的:使用元分析方法探讨高强度间歇运动(HIIT)对抑制功能的影响及其影响因素,以及与中等强度持续运动(MICT)相比的效果差异,为不同锻炼人群选择合适的锻炼方式提供依据。方法:依据PRISMA原则,在国内外的一些检索平台检索相关文献,检索时间为2010年1月1日—2022年8月30日。运用软件“Stata 15.0”和软件“Review Manager 5.3”进行效应量分析。结果:1)HIIT能够显著提高运动者的抑制功能,为中等效应量。2)HIIT能够显著提高10~24岁人群的抑制功能,而对25岁以上人群的抑制功能未见显著影响;90%~100%最大心率运动强度的HIIT能够显著提高运动者的抑制功能,且合并效应量较大,70%~90%最大心率运动强度的HIIT能够显著提高运动者的抑制功能;10~30 min和30~60 min的HIIT均能显著提高运动者的抑制功能;功率自行车、篮球、爬楼梯等方式的HIIT能显著提高运动者的抑制功能,跑步机上跑步的HIIT对运动者的抑制功能未见显著影响;HIIT结束30 min后仍对运动者的抑制功能有积极影响。3)HIIT与MICT对抑制功能的影响未见显著性差异。结论:HIIT能够提高运动者的抑制功能,为中等效应量,HIIT与MICT对抑制功能的积极影响没有差异;HIIT与抑制功能的关系受到年龄、运动强度、运动时间、运动方式等调节变量的影响,HIIT的认知促进效益可以持续30 min以上。

高强度间歇训练应用于冠心病患者康复效果的系统评价再评价

目的 对于高强度间歇训练(high-intensity interval training,HIIT)应用于冠心病(coronary heart disease,CHD)患者康复效果的系统评价/Meta分析再评价,为CHD患者进行康复运动提供循证依据。方法 计算机检索PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,CNKI,万方,维普和中国生物医学文献服务系统,搜集CHD患者HIIT康复效果的系统评价/Meta分析,时间从建库至2023年11月4日。经过循证护理培训考核合格的2名研究者进行文献筛选和资料提取,采用系统评价方法学质量评价工具(assessment of multiple systematic reviews 2,AMSTAR 2)量表、系统综述和Meta分析优先报告规范(preferred reportingitems for systematic reviews and Meta-analyses,PRISMA)声明、证据质量和推荐强度分级系统(grading of recommendations assessment,development and evaluation,GRADE)对纳入文献进行方法学质量评价、文献报告质量评价以及证据质量评价。结果 共纳入13篇系统评价。AMSTAR 2结果显示,1篇文献质量高,2篇低,10篇极低;PRISMA得分为16~26.5分,6篇报告相对完整,7篇报告存在一定缺陷;13篇系统评价的48条结局指标证据中,12条证据为中等质量,9条证据为低等质量,27条证据为极低等质量。与中等强度持续训练(moderate continuous training,MICT)比较,HIIT在6项主要结局指标:峰值摄氧量、无氧阈值、峰值心率、静息心率、左室射血分数和血压均得到更佳的康复效果。结论 HIIT在CHD患者康复中表现出更大的优势且安全性尚可,考虑到相关系统评价/Meta分析的方法学质量、文献报告质量以及证据质量级别较低,未来仍需开展多中心大样本的随机对照研究以进一步验证。

不同强度训练方式对2型糖尿病超重或肥胖者体成分及糖代谢影响的Meta分析

目的:系统评价高强度间歇训练(high-intensity interval training,HIIT)与中等强度持续性训练(moderate-intensity continuous training,MICT)对2型糖尿病超重或肥胖患者体成分、糖代谢相关指标干预效果,对比两种运动方式的改善效果,为2型糖尿病超重或肥胖患者运动处方的制定提供参考依据。方法:检索The Cochrane Library、PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、万方及美国临床试验注册中心数据库,搜集HIIT与MICT对2型糖尿病超重或肥胖患者体成分和糖代谢相关指标干预效果比较的随机对照试验,检索时间为各数据库建库至2022年6月。由2名研究者对所纳入的研究进行筛选、质量评价和数据提取,采用RevMan 5.4软件对结局指标进行Meta分析。结果:①共纳入13项随机对照试验,包括371例患者,所纳入研究整体质量较高。②HIIT组与MICT组对体成分改善效果无显著性差异(体质量:WMD=2.44,95%CI:-3.01-7.89,P>0.05;体质量指数:WMD=0.28,95%CI:-1.21-1.77,P>0.05;腰围:WMD=2.16,95%CI:-2.04-6.35,P>0.05;体脂百分比:WMD=0.47,95%CI:-2.11-3.05,P>0.05);③两组体质量与体质量指数指标“训练周期≥12周”亚组“训练频率≤3次/周”亚组差异有显著性意义(训练周期≥12周亚组:WMD=4.25,95%CI:0.90-7.59,P=0.01;WMD=2.71,95%CI:1.92-3.51,P<0.00001;训练频率≤3次/周亚组:WMD=5.14,95%CI:1.7-8.57,P=0.003;WMD=1.67,95%CI:0.66-2.67,P=0.001);④敏感性分析结果显示,HIIT组与MICT组体脂百分比指标差异有显著性意义(WMD=2.17,95%CI:1.20-3.14,P<0.0001),两组对糖代谢改善效果无显著性差异(空腹血糖:WMD=0.31,95%CI:-0.17-0.79,P>0.05;糖化血红蛋白:WMD=0.01,95%CI:-0.19-0.20,P>0.05;胰岛素抵抗指数:WMD=-0.14,95%CI:-0.71-0.42,P>0.05);⑤亚组分析结果显示,空腹血糖指标在“训练频率≤3次/周”亚组分析中差异有显著性意义(WMD=0.92,95%CI:0.25-1.60,P=0.007);糖化血红蛋白在“训练频率>3次/周”亚组分析中差异有显著性意义(WMD=-0.2,95%CI:-0.3至-0.1,P<0.0001)。结论:①整体而言,HIIT与MICT对改善2型糖尿病超重或肥胖患者体质量、体质量指数、腰围及体脂百分比等体成分和空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白及胰岛素抵抗指数等糖代谢指标无显著差异;②当训练周期≥12周、训练频率≤3次/周时,MICT对体质量以及体质量指数的改善效果具有一定优势。

运动与训练科学的五大“论战”

科学的目的是揭示客观事物存在的现象及其规律。由于所持有的证据不一,研究人员对事物现象与规律的认识可能并不完全一样。国际学术期刊通过设立争鸣类的栏目,允许和鼓励对相关科学问题持有不同学术观点的研究人员“同台论战”。研究遴选了运动与训练科学领域的五大“论战”:负荷术语使用、训练强度分布模式、线粒体含量增加、无氧阈的金标准测试、高强度间歇训练的临床作用,分别综述了正反两方的论据,并予以评论。建议注重科学争鸣的证据导向,认清结论成立的限定条件,加强“运动中的人”的研究及其出版刊发力度,搭建有组织的的学术争鸣平台。

不同运动对男青年BMD、肌肉适能和肌骨共调节因子的影响

目的比较8周抗阻联合高强度间歇同期训练、单独高强度间歇训练和单独抗阻训练对男青年骨密度、肌肉适能以及血清肌骨共调节因子骨钙素和鸢尾素水平的影响。方法选取39名男青年,随机分为抗阻训练(RT)、高强度间歇训练(HIIT)和抗阻联合高强度间歇同期训练(CT)三组后,分别进行为期8周的运动干预。分别在干预前和干预后48 h测试受试者的骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、体成分、最大摄氧量、肌肉力量、爆发力以及血清骨钙素和鸢尾素水平。结果三种运动干预均能显著提高男青年的瘦体重,但只有HIIT(P<0.01)和CT干预(P<0.05)能显著降低男青年的体脂率;三种运动干预均能显著提高男青年的股骨BMD,但只有HIIT(P<0.05)和RT(P<0.05)干预能显著提高男青年的腰椎BMD;RT和CT干预能显著提升男青年的卧推、硬拉、划船、深蹲的最大力量(P<0.01)和反向纵跳高度(P<0.01),而HIIT干预只能显著提升深蹲的最大力量(P<0.01);三种运动干预均能显著提高男青年的血清鸢尾素和骨钙素水平。结论三种运动干预均能增加男青年的瘦体重、股骨BMD以及血清肌骨调节因子鸢尾素和骨钙素水平,但CT对腰椎BMD的提升效果小于HIIT和RT,而RT和CT对肌肉力量和爆发力的提升效果大于HIIT。

高强度间歇训练和中等强度持续训练对中老年肥胖女性心血管危险生物标记物的影响

目的:比较8周高强度间歇训练(HIIT)和中等强度持续训练(MICT)对中老年肥胖女性体成分及心血管危险生物标记物相关指标的影响效果,为HIIT和MICT降低心血管风险提供理论和实践依据,为中老年肥胖女性选取适合高效的运动方式提供参考。方法:34名符合研究标准的中老年肥胖女性随机分为HIIT组(n=13)、MICT组(n=12)和对照组(CON组,n=9)。受试者均在干预前进行实验室VO_(2max)测试,以此确定相应运动负荷,HIIT组以80%~85%VO_(2max)强度运动2 min、30%VO_(2max)强度运动1 min为1组,重复10组。MICT组以65%VO_(2max)强度持续运动30 min。两运动组均采用功率自行车完成为期8周、3次/周的运动干预,CON组保持原有生活方式不变。在干预前后分别测试受试者体重、体脂量、肌肉量、体脂率及血清超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、脂蛋白a[Lp(a)]、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平。结果:与干预前相比,干预8周后HIIT组体脂量、体脂率显著降低(P<0.05),肌肉量显著增加(P<0.05),MICT组体脂量、体脂率、肌肉量无显著变化(P>0.05);HIIT组hs-CRP、ET-1显著降低(P<0.01),Lp(a)、Hcy无显著性变化(P>0.05),MICT组hs-CRP、ET-1、Lp(a)、Hcy无显著变化(P>0.05),CON组Hcy、Lp(a)显著升高(P<0.01)。干预前后变化值的组间比较显示,HIIT组hs-CRP(P<0.05)、Lp(a)(P<0.05)、Hcy(P<0.01)的降低幅度显著高于CON组,MICT组Hcy降低幅度显著高于CON组(P<0.05)。组间比较两运动组干预效果均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:HIIT在改善中老年肥胖女性体成分,降低血清hs-CRP、ET-1方面优于MICT,对改善慢性炎症状态及血管内皮功能有积极作用,可在一定程度上降低中老年肥胖女性心血管疾病的患病危险。

高强度间歇训练处方在癌症病人预康复中应用的研究进展

从癌症预康复高强度间歇训练(HIIT)运动处方、对癌症预康复病人各方面的作用、临床应用形式及安全性、可行性、依从性等方面进行综述,以期为高强度间歇训练在国内癌症病人预康复中的应用提供参考。

高压氧可消除高强度间歇冲击微周期训练中的运动性疲劳

背景:高压氧作为新兴的疲劳消除手段之一,在体育领域中得到越来越多的重视和应用。高压氧干预对高强度间歇冲击微周期训练疲劳消除的研究较少。目的:探究高压氧干预对高强度间歇冲击微周期训练运动性疲劳消除效果的影响,并从血液生化指标和代谢组学方面进行相应机制研究。方法:在首都体育学院招募20名男性大学生,随机分为对照组(n=10)和高压氧组(n=10),均进行高强度间歇冲击微周期训练,为期2周,共12次,具体训练方案为先以50%HR_(max)的强度热身10 min,再以90%-95%HR_(max)强度蹬车4 min,重复5组,组间休息2.5 min,最后再进行50%HR_(max)强度蹬车30 min。对照组受试者训练后自然恢复,高压氧组受试者训练后进行高压氧恢复,每次干预60 min,压力为131.722 kPa。在试验前、试验中期、试验后1 d和试验后3 d采集血液分析生化指标及代谢组学指标,并进行主观感觉疲劳量表评分,其中氧化应激指标与疲劳监控指标进行Pearson相关性分析。结果与结论:①运动性疲劳指标变化:与训练前相比,对照组训练后血尿酸、肌酸激酶、白细胞介素6和主观感觉疲劳量表评分均有不同程度的上调,而高压氧组在高压氧干预后血尿酸、肌酸激酶、白细胞介素6和主观感觉疲劳量表评分变化不大;组间相比,对照组试验后1 d血尿酸、肌酸激酶和白细胞介素6水平显著高于高压氧组;②氧化应激指标变化:与训练前相比,对照组训练后超氧化物歧化酶活性降低、丙二醛水平升高,而高压氧组在高压氧干预后超氧化物歧化酶活性升高、丙二醛水平降低;③超氧化物歧化酶与血尿酸、白细胞介素6和主观感觉疲劳量表评分呈负相关;丙二醛与白细胞介素6和主观感觉疲劳量表评分呈正相关;④代谢组学指标变化:显著变化的代谢通路是花生四烯酸代谢和氧化磷酸化代谢,富集通路上差异代谢物质有花生四烯酸、前列腺素D2、白三烯D4等。结果表明,高强度间歇冲击微周期训练导致机体发生氧化应激,促进了运动性疲劳的产生;高压氧可以一定程度改善氧化应激水平,以及引起花生四烯酸代谢和氧化磷酸化代谢,从而减少氧化损伤,调节炎症反应,促进组织修复和运动性疲劳消除。