Evaluation of preoperative dry eye in people undergoing corneal refractive surgery to correct myopia

AIM: To investigate the incidence of preoperative dry eye and related factors in patients undergoing corneal refractive surgery to correct myopia.METHODS: A total of 141 patients with myopia who underwent corneal refractive surgery were surveyed by questionnaires, tear film break-up time(BUT) test, Schimer I test(SIt), corneal fluorescein staining(FL) test and diagnosed according to the currently recognized domestic diagnostic criteria for dry eye. Correlation analysis of factors such as age, gender, regular wearing of contact lens(CL), diopter(spherical equivalent), corneal thickness, and corneal curvature that may affect the onset of dry eye was carried out to clarify the main influencing factors. RESULTS: There were 64 patients(45.39%) diagnosed with dry eye. The male patients(20.31%) was significantly less than that of non-dry eye subjects(41.56%;χ~2=7.260, P=0.007);the proportion of patients with dry eye wearing CL(81.25%) was significantly higher than that of non-dry eye subjects(51.95%;χ~2=13.234, P<0.001);the median diopter level of dry eye patients was-6.59(IQR:-8.87,-4.58) D, and the median diopter level of non-dry eye subjects was-5.69(IQR:-7.15,-4.03) D. The diopter level of dry eye patients was significantly higher(Z=-2.086, P=0.019). However, the age, best corrected visual acuity, and intraocular pressure of dry eye patients were not statistically different from those of non-dry eye subjects(t=-0.257,-0.383 and 0.778, P=0.798, 0.702, and 0.438);the corneal thickness and corneal curvature(K1 and K2) were also not statistically different either(Z=-1.487,-1.036 and-1.707, P=0.137, 0.300, and 0.088). The research further analyzes the three significant factors in the single factor analysis(gender, CL wear, and diopter) in a multi-factor way: CL wear and diopter were the influencing factors of dry eye disease. Among them, CL wear increased the risk of dry eye by 2.934 times compared with no CL wear;for every 1 D increase in diopter, the risk of dry eye increased by 0.761 times.CONCLUSION: Preoperative dry eye is relatively common in patients who undergo corneal refractive surgery to correct myopia, especially in patients who have a history of CL wear and a high diopter level before surgery. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out preoperative screening and timely treatment of dry eye to obtain the best treatment outcome and postoperative satisfaction.

Factors affecting single-step transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy outcome in the treatment of mild,moderate,and high myopia:a cohort study

AIM:To investigate the effect of preoperative factors on visual acuity,higher-order aberrations(HOAs),and index of success for spherical change(S.IOS)after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy(t-PRK)for treating different grades of myopia.METHODS:This was a retrospective one-armed cohort study where patients with high,moderate,or mild myopia treated with single-step t-PRK using Amaris 500 Hz excimer laser were evaluated for visual acuity,refractive status,corneal topography,HOAs,S.IOS,and mean efficiency and safety index before and 6 mo after surgery.RESULTS:A total of 154 eyes of 77 patients with mild(n=59),moderate(n=83),and high(n=12)myopia were reviewed.The efficiency and safety indices for vision recovery by single-step t-PRK were 98%and 100%,respectively.The achieved spherical equivalent(SE)was within 1 diopter(D)in 151(98%)eyes.The median of the S.IOS was 1.18[interquartile range(IQR)1.0,1.4].The change in S.IOS was significantly correlated with age(P=0.007),6.5 mm ablation zone(Mann-Whitney U test,P<0.01),and mild and moderate grade of myopia(Kruskal–Wallis test,P<0.001).Trefoil aberration,spherical aberration,and aberration coefficient types of HOA increased significantly(Wilcoxon test,P<0.001)6 mo post-surgery.There was a significant correlation between spherical aberration and aberration coefficient HOAs by myopia grades(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Single-step t-PRK has promising short-term outcomes for refractive corrections and vision improvement to treat all three grades of myopia.

Iris recognition:a biometric method after refractive surgery

Iris recognition,as a biometric method,outperforms others because of its high accuracy. Iris is the visible internal organ of human,so it is stable and very difficult to be altered. But if an eye surgery must be made to some individuals,it may be rejected by iris recognition system as imposters after the surgery,because the iris pattern was altered or damaged somewhat during surgery and cannot match the iris template stored before the surgery. In this paper,we originally discuss whether refractive surgery for vision correction(LASIK surgery) would influence the performance of iris recognition. And experiments are designed and tested on iris images captured especially for this research from patients before and after refractive surgery. Experiments showed that refractive surgery has little influence on iris recognition.

LASIK surgery in patients with residual refractive errors after radial keratotomy

AIMTo study the results and complications of LASIK surgery after radial keratotomy.

A 3-month comparison study of subjective and objective visual quality of small incision lenticule extraction and transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy in patients with low and moderate myopia

AIM:To compare the subjective and objective visual quality between small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)and transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy(t PRK)in patients with low and moderate myopia.METHODS:Patients undertaking SMILE or t PRK for the correction of low and moderate myopia were consecutively recruited in this prospective cohort study with a 3-month follow-up period.Objective evaluation[visual acuity test,manifest refraction,wavefront aberrations,the total cut-off value of the total modulation transfer function(MTFcut-off),and Strehl ratio(SR)]and subjective evaluation of visual quality(quality-of-life questionnaire)were conducted before surgery and at days 1,7,30,and 90 after surgery.RESULTS:A total of 47 patients(94 eyes)with SMILE and 22 patients(22 eyes)with t PRK were enrolled.The uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)was better in SMILE patients on day 7 after surgery(1.13±0.13 vs 0.99±0.17,t=4.85,P<0.001)but was comparable at days 30 and 90.At day 90,the SMILE group had a lower spherical equivalent(SE)than the t PRK group(0.04±0.31 vs 0.19±0.43,t=2.08,P=0.042).Total higher order aberrations(HOAs)were induced in both surgical types,which were more evident in the t PRK group with 3-mm pupil diameter(0.16±0.07 vs0.11±0.05,t=4.27,P<0.001)and 5-mm pupil diameter(0.39±0.17 vs 0.36±0.11,t=2.33,P=0.022).The MTFcut-offand SR showed a trend of improvement in both SMILE and t PRK patients but were statistically better in the SMILE group with both pupil diameters.There was a significant improvement of contrast sensitivity(CS)over baseline levels at the spatial frequency of 18 cycles/degree(c/d)in the SMILE group(F=2.72,P=0.033)and at 3 c/d(F=3.03,P=0.031),12 c/d(F=3.72,P=0.013),and 18 c/d(F=4.62,P=0.004)in the t PRK group.The subjective quality of life questionnaire showed a steady improvement in the SMILE group(F=8.31,P<0.001)but not the t PRK group.CONCLUSION:SMILE and t PRK are both safe and effective ways to correct low and moderate myopia.A generally better and quicker recovery of visual quality favors the application of SMILE in qualified patients.

Therapeutic Effects of Undercorrection by LASIK Following RK and PRK for Correction of High Myopia

In order to investigate the therapeutic effects of undercorrection following radial keratoto- my (RK) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for correction of high myopia by excimer laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), LASIK was performed on 32 eyes of 16 patients undergoing RK 2 years ago and 38 eyes of 20 patients undergoing PRK 1 year ago. The postoperative uncorrected visu- al was better than or equal to the preoperative spectacle corrected visual acuity in 49 of 70 eyes (70. 00 %) and achieved the best status of refraction in 64 of 70 (91.43 %). The best postoperatively corrected visual in all operated eyes were equal to their preoperative ones respectively or just lost 1 line. No severe complication occurred during and after operation. It was suggested that LASIK was a better method for treatment of undercorrection following RK and PRK.

Optical and visual quality comparison of implantable collamer lens and femtosecond laser assisted laser in situ keratomileusis for high myopia correction

AIM:To compare clinical outcomes and refractive stability of implantable collamer lens(ICL)implantation and femtosecond laser assisted laser in situ keratomileusis(FSLASIK)for high myopia correction.METHODS:The Optical Quality Analysis System(OQAS)was used to evaluate clinical outcomes objectively after operation for high myopia correction.We compared the two procedures in terms of 1-year changes in uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA),corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA),safety index,efficacy index,spherical equivalent,modulation transfer function(MTF)cutoff frequency,strehl ratio(SR)and objective scatter index(OSI).RESULTS:At 1 y postoperatively,the safety indices were 1.33±0.27 in ICL group,and 1.17±0.24 in FS-LASIK group.39.58%in the ICL group and 27.59%in the FS-LASIK group gained CDVA in 2 lines or better than that in preoperative CDVA.The efficacy indices were 1.28±0.22 in ICL group,and 1.13±0.26 in FS-LASIK group.The changes of spherical equivalent from 1 wk to 1 y postoperatively was-0.12±0.37 D in ICL group,and-0.79±0.58 D in FS-LASIK group(P<0.05).Spherical equivalent within±0.50 D was achieved in 97.92%in ICL group and 68.97%in FS-LASIK group.MTF cutoff frequency were higher with ICL as compared to FSLASIK(P<0.05)at each postoperative follow-up stage;for postoperative 1 mo later,SR was statistically significant difference between two groups(P<0.05);with no statistically significant difference in OSI between two groups(P>0.05)in postoperative 3 mo later.CONCLUSION:ICL implantation and FS-LASIK procedures both provide good safety and predictability in high myopia correction.ICL implantation provides better clinical outcomes and refractive stability than FS-LASIK.

Comparative analysis of the clinical outcomes between wavefront-guided and conventional femtosecond LASIK in myopia and myopia astigmatism

AIM:To compare the clinical outcomes of wavefront guided femtosecond LASIK(WFG LASIK)and conventional femtosecond LASIK(NWFG LASIK)in eyes with myopia and myopia astigmatism.METHODS:This was a retrospective,nonrandomized,comparative investigation enrolling 236 eyes of 122 patients(18-50 y)with low&moderate and high myopia.The WFG group including 97 eyes(50 patients)undergone WFG LASIK and the NWFG group including 139 eyes(72 patients)undergone conventional LASIK.Mean efficacy index,high order aberrations(HOAs),pupil size and the quality of visual questionnaire were evaluated 6 mo postoperatively.RESULTS:There is no difference between WFG group(-0.054±0.049 in logMAR)and NWFG group(-0.040±0.056)in uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA)postoperatively.The myopia astigmatism is higher in WFG group than that in NWFG group(P<0.05).However,the mean efficacy index(MEI)in the WFG group(1.09±0.106)is better than that in the NWFG group(1.036±0.124;P<0.001).Increased HOAs were observed in NWFG group(0.30±0.196)than that in WFG group(0.146±0.188;P<0.001).The pupil size is larger in WFG group(5.15±0.76 mm)than that in NWFG group(4.32±0.52 mm).The patients are satisfied with the clinical surgery,yet WFG group showed better visual quality using the questionnaire survey.Meanwhile,high myopia would result in worse MEI,HOAs and visual quality than low&moderate myopia.CONCLUSION:WFG and NWFG FS-LASIK are both effective and safe procedures to correct low&moderate and high myopia,but WFG FS-LASIK gives a better postoperative MEI,aberrometric control and predictable outcome.Meanwhile,WFG FS-LASIK is better than NWFG FS-LASIK in correction of myopia astigmatism.Low&moderate myopia allow better clinical outcomes than high myopia using any surgical method.

Short and long-term outcomes of angle supported phakic intraocular lens implantation in high myopic eyes

This cohort study included 36 eyes of 21 patients with high myopia treated with angle supported phakic intraocular lens（p IOL）.Endothelial cell density（ECD） at baseline,6 mo and 3 y were 3017±296,2775±265 and 2558±299 cells/mm^2 respectively.ECD loss at 6 mo was 7.2% and annual ECD loss was 3% over 36 mo.Corrected distance visual acuity at 36 mo was 0.4 log MAR or better in 32（88.9%） eyes.Intraocular pressure did not change（P=0.9）.No eyes developed cataract,retinal detachment or pupillary distortion.Angle supported p IOL gives good visual outcome.Endothelial cell loss should be monitored.

Long-term observation on safety and visual quality of implantable collamer lens V4c implantation for myopia correction:a 5-year follow-up

AIM:To elucidate the safety and visual quality of implantable collamer lens with central hole(ICL V4c)implantation for correcting moderate and high myopia for at least 5y.METHODS:This retrospective study was conducted on 58 patients(114 eyes)who were followed up for at least 5y after ICL V4c implantation.The observation was done before and on 1d,1mo,1 and 5y or more after the surgical procedure.The visual acuity,subjective refraction,intraocular pressure,vault,axial length,central hole position,pupil diameter,visual quality,and adverse events were analyzed.The visual quality includes aberration,the modulation transfer function cutoff frequency(MTF cutoff),objective scattering index(OSI),Stroller's ratio(SR),and visual quality questionnaire.RESULTS:The average follow-up period was 69.25±3.80mo(range 60–82mo)and the preoperative spherical equivalent(SE)was-8.66±1.97 D.At 5y after operation,the safety index was 1.01±0.02 and the efficacy index was 0.99±0.42 and SE was-0.65±0.63 D.The 59.6%of the eyes achieved an uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/20,76.3%of the eyes had SE within±1.0 D at the last visit.The axial length increased by 0.29±0.71 mm 5y after the surgery(t=-3.843,P<0.001).The mean vault at the last follow-up was 510.59±245.61μm.The central hole was on the temporal side in 80 eyes(84.2%).The visual quality questionnaire showed that 98.2%patients were satisfied with the surgical procedure.Adverse events occurred in 4 eyes(3.5%),including the posttraumatic toric ICL rotation(2 eyes),iris incarceration(1 eye),and posttraumatic ICL displacement(1 eye)at the last follow-up.CONCLUSION:Long-term ICL V4c implantation is safe,effective,and stable for correcting moderate and to high myopia,and the visual quality with patients is excellent and satisfactory,but the progression of axial length still needs attention after surgery.

Postoperative changes in corneal epithelial and stromal thickness profiles after SMILE in high myopic eyes

Background:To observe changes in the epithelial and stromal thickness after small incision refractive lenticule extraction(SMILE)and investigate their relationship with the different refractive error.Methods:One hundred and eighty eyes of 90 patients with a manifest refraction spherical equivalent(MRSE)of-6.36±1.53 diopters(D)were included.The eyes were assigned to the moderate myopic group(MRSE-3.00 to-6.00 D),high myopic group(MRSE-6.00 to-8.00 D)and super-high myopic group(MRSE above-8.00 D).The spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)measured corneal and epithelial thickness in 17 zones preoperatively and 1,3,and 6 months postoperatively.Stromal thickness was calculated by subtracting the epithelial thickness from the total corneal thickness.The observed changes were correlated with the degree of myopia corrected.Results:MRSE showed significant differences between 3 and 6 months in the super-high myopic group(P=0.024).At 6 months,a statistically significant epithelial thickness increase was observed in the central zone(7.18%for moderate,10.23%for high,and 13.76%for super-high myopia,P<0.05 for all groups).The peripheral thickness decreased between 3 and 6 months in the high myopia and super-high myopia groups(P<0.05,respectively).A positive correlation between MRSE corrected and the postoperative epithelial thickening was observed in the central(r2=0.551,P<0.05).Compared to 1 month values,the central stromal thickness showed a decrease(3.2±4.5μm)at 3 months and an increase(4.4±4.9μm)at 6 months.The stroma thickened in moderate and high myopic groups but the thickness reduction were in super-high myopia group at 6 months paracentrally and peripherally.Conclusions:Significant thickness changes in the epithelium and stroma were detected during the 6 months after SMILE.Preliminary results suggest that epithelial and stromal thickness profile changes after SMILE may have an impact on the refractive outcome in the long-term postoperative period,especially in super-higher degrees of myopia.

The 100 most influential articles in myopia:a bibliometric analysis

AIM:To identify and characterize the 100 most influential articles in the field of myopia over the last decades.METHODS:Articles on myopia published between January 1975 and March 2020 were searched through the Web of Science Core Collection database.Two independent authors reviewed and determined the 100 most cited articles.The characteristics of each eligible article were recorded,including authors,institutions,countries,journals,publication date,total citations(TCs),annual citations(ACs),research focus and article type.RESULTS:The top 100 most influential articles were published between 1983 and 2016,with 1999 as the most prolific year.The mean number of TCs was 288(range:193-537)and the mean number of ACs was 19(range:7-109).Treatment and epidemiology of myopia were the most important research focus.These articles were published in 21 journals led by Ophthalmology(29%)followed by Investigative Ophthalmology&Visual Science(23%).The number of ACs for articles published in the last ten years was significantly higher than that for the other most-cited articles(44 vs 16,Mann-Whitney U test P<0.01).There is no difference in the number of TCs between original articles and review articles,while the number of ACs for review articles was significantly higher than that for original articles(22 vs 17,Mann-Whitney U test P<0.05).CONCLUSION:This bibliometric analysis can provide us with concise information about the development trend of research in the field of myopia in the past few decades,and provide an important reference for researchers to guide future research.

Short term effects of small incision lenticule extraction surgery on corneal endothelium

AIM： To assess the effects of small incision lenticule extraction（SMILE） surgery on the corneal endothelium at1 d to 1mo postoperatively.·METHODS： A retrospective, observational study was conducted on 47 patients（47 eyes） who received SMILE surgery. Patients were grouped according to contact lens wear condition. The corneal endothelium was examined preoperatively and at 1d, 1wk and 1mo postoperatively.The corneal endothelium was analyzed for endothelial cell density（ECD）, percentage of hexagonal cells, and coefficient of variation（CV） of cell size.·RESULTS： There were no significant decrease in the ECD, percentage of hexagonal cells or increase in CV at1 d, 1wk and 1mo postoperatively（P 〉0.05）. However,there was a small increase of ECD by 2.88% in contact lens wearers（78.26±113.62 cell/mm2, P 〈0.05）.· CONCLUSION： SMILE has no significant adverse effects on the corneal ECD and morphology during 1mo follow-up time.

基于Corvis ST分析飞秒LASIK联合快速交联矫正高度近视术后角膜生物力学变化

目的应用Corvis ST评估飞秒激光辅助准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)联合快速角膜交联术(FS-LASIK Xtra)矫正高度近视术后角膜生物力学的变化。方法前瞻性病例对照研究。选取2020年7月至2022年7月在山东中医药大学附属眼科医院行手术矫正高度近视的患者185例(185眼)为研究对象,所有患者均将右眼纳入研究,其中行FS-LASIK Xtra者93例为FS-LASIK Xtra组,行FS-LASIK者92例为FS-LASIK组,术后随访6个月,记录患者的裸眼视力、等效球镜度、平均角膜曲率(Km)、最薄点角膜厚度(TCT)、角膜生物力学参数[2 mm处变形幅度比(DAR 2 mm)、综合半径(IR)、第一次压平刚度系数(SP-A1)、应力应变指数(SSI)]和手术前后角膜生物力学参数变化量(术后6个月与术前的差值,即ΔDAR 2 mm、ΔIR、ΔSP-A1、ΔSSI)。采用独立样本t检验和Mann-Whitney U检验对组间数据进行比较。结果术后3个月等效球镜度FS-LASIK组和FS-LASIK Xtra组患者分别为(-0.21±0.31)D和(-0.04±0.36)D,差异有统计学意义(t=3.49,P=0.001);术后6个月两组分别为(-0.33±0.31)D、(-0.14±0.37)D,差异均有统计学意义(t=4.00,P<0.001)。术后6个月时FS-LASIK组与FS-LASIK Xtra组患者手术的有效性指数和安全性指数差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。术前两组患者DAR 2 mm、IR、SP-A1、SSI等角膜生物力学参数比较差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05);术后6个月,FS-LASIK组与FS-LASIK Xtra组患者角膜生物力学参数变化量ΔIR分别为3.03±0.78、2.67±0.80,ΔSP-A1为-35.93±12.04、-30.43±12.44,ΔSSI为-0.09±0.10、-0.03±0.06,两组相比差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。结论FS-LASIK Xtra矫正高度近视术后患者视力、等效球镜度稳定,具有良好的安全性和有效性,角膜生物力学稳定性较术前降低,但优于常规FS-LASIK,长期效果需要进一步观察。

基于Web of Science的2013-2022年近视研究领域文献计量分析

目的应用文献计量学方法分析近10年来近视研究领域的现状、热点和未来的发展方向。方法检索Web of Science核心数据库中2013年1月1日至2022年12月31日近视相关的研究类和综述类文献,使用VOSviewer软件对国家、研究机构、作者进行共现分析,使用CiteSpace软件对关键词和共被引参考文献进行聚类分析。结果最终纳入9745篇文献,涉及123个国家或地区,7150个机构和29343位作者。通过分析发现全球在近视领域的发文量整体呈增长趋势,中国是发文量最多的国家,来自美国的研究总被引用次数最多。关键词分析结果表明,早期近视研究热点主要集中于屈光手术、并发症的诊断与治疗、遗传学研究以及流行病学特征,而近年来研究重点已迅速转向近视的预防和控制。共被引文献聚类分析结果显示,近视领域包含多个聚类模块,如#0学龄儿童、#1小切口角膜基质透镜取出术、#2近视控制、#3屈光不正、#4接触镜等研究方向。研究前沿主要聚焦于近视管理技术、近视与视网膜和脉络膜血管、人工智能在近视领域的应用等方面。结论近十年近视研究领域涵盖眼科学、分子生物学、遗传学、眼视光学、流行病学等多个学科领域。未来需要进一步探索近视的病因和发病机制、早期识别和筛查、管理技术、人工智能辅助诊断等,以制定更加有效、安全的近视防控策略。

有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体植入术矫正中低度近视

目的:观察有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体(ICL)植入术矫正中低度近视的临床效果。方法:回顾性研究。纳入我院ICL植入术矫正的中低度近视患者48例85眼,观察术后1 a裸眼视力(LogMAR)、最佳矫正视力(LogMAR)、屈光状态、眼压、拱高与角膜内皮细胞计数等的变化情况。结果:术后12 mo,患者裸眼视力-0.10(-0.20,-0.10)、有效性指数为1.07±0.13、最佳矫正视力-0.10(-0.20,-0.10)、安全性指数为1.10±0.14。实际矫正屈光度与预期矫正屈光度差值在±0.50 D范围占91%(77/85),差值在±1.00 D范围占100%(85/85)。术后12 mo时拱高为501.16±210.46μm。术前,术后6、12 mo的角膜内皮细胞密度比较无差异(F=1.050,P=0.352)。所有患者术后随访期间无前囊下混浊、白内障、瞳孔阻滞或其他威胁视力的并发症。结论:ICL植入术矫正中低度近视具有良好的有效性、安全性与可预测性。

新一代人工晶状体计算公式对高度近视行前后段联合手术的准确性分析

目的探究新一代人工晶状体(intraocular lens,IOL)计算公式及Wang-Koch(WK)眼轴校正公式在接受前后段联合手术的高度近视患者中的准确性。方法收集2015年6月至2021年6月于陆军军医大学第一附属医院眼科接受前后段联合手术且眼轴(axial length AL)>26 mm的患者100例(100眼)。分别采用Barrett UniversalⅡ(BUⅡ)、Emmetropia Verifying Optical(EVO)、Kane、Haigis、Hoffer Q、Holladay 1、SRK/T、第一代线性WK眼轴优化公式(Haigis-WK1,SRK/T-WK1,Hoffer Q-WK1,Holladay 1-WK1)及第二代线性WK眼轴优化公式(SRK/T-WK2,Holladay 1-WK2)等13种公式计算IOL屈光度。获得各IOL屈光度公式的平均预测误差(mean prediction error,ME)、平均绝对误差(mean absolute error,MAE)、中位绝对误差(median absolute error,MedAE)及预测误差在不同屈光阈的百分比,以评价各公式的准确性。将所有患者根据眼轴长度分组:26.00 mm30.00 mm者为C组(34眼),以探究眼轴长度对IOL屈光度计算的影响。根据术前眼内填充物,将患者分为硅油眼组(63眼)和非硅油眼组(37眼),比较术前眼内填充物对IOL屈光度计算的影响。结果新一代IOL公式(BUⅡ、EVO及Kane)的MedAE(0.34D、0.31D、0.35D)显著低于传统公式(P<0.05),而且预测误差在±0.25 D、±0.50 D、±0.75 D及±1.00 D范围内的百分比显著高于传统公式(P<0.05)。传统公式均出现远视偏移(0.35~0.65 D),WK眼轴调整法可以矫正传统公式的远视偏移。WK2可以提高SRK/T和Holladay 1公式的计算准确性,且SRK/T-WK2和Holladay 1-WK2公式的MedAE与新一代IOL公式差异无统计学意义。比较各公式在不同眼轴分组的MedAE,发现新一代IOL公式(BUⅡ、Kane和EVO)及WK校正眼轴公式(Haigis-WK1、SRK/T-WK1、SRK/T-WK2、Hoffer Q-WK1、Holladay 1-WK1和Holladay 1-WK2)在眼轴分组间均差异无统计学意义;传统公式的MedAE在眼轴分组间均存在显著差异(P<0.01),其中C组的MedAE均最大(Haigis:0.84 D,SRK/T:1.10 D,Hoffer Q:1.23 D,Holladay 1:1.20 D)。比较各公式在不同术前眼内填充物分组的MedAE,结果发现,新一代IOL公式(BUⅡ、Kane和EVO)、Haigis及SRK/T公式在硅油眼组的MedAE均显著高于非硅油眼组(P<0.05)。结论在接受前后段联合手术的高度近视患者中,新一代IOL公式和第二代线性WK眼轴校正公式的准确性和稳定性显著优于传统公式。

FS-LASIK矫正中高度近视术后1年屈光回退危险因素及其预测模型构建

目的:探讨飞秒激光辅助准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(FS-LASIK)矫正中高度近视术后1 a屈光回退的危险因素并构建预测模型。方法:回顾性分析2017-06/2018-11于西安高新医院行FS-LASIK手术矫正中高度近视患者400例800眼临床资料,将患者按照3∶1的比例随机分为建模组(n=300例)和验证组(n=100例),依照患者术后1 a屈光回退发生情况将建模组分为回退组与未回退组两个亚组,观察其角膜曲率和角膜厚度变化情况,采用Logistic回归分析筛选FS-LASIK矫正中高度近视患者术后1 a屈光回退的危险因素,基于回归系数构建预测模型,采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估模型区分度。结果:建模组44眼、验证组15眼于术后1 a发生屈光回退。建模组中未回退组术后6、12 mo时角膜前表面曲率低于回退组(均P<0.05);术后1、3、6、12 mo时回退组角膜增生程度大于未回退组(均P<0.05);FS-LASIK矫正中高度近视患者术后1 a屈光回退发生概率值回归方程为:P=1/[1+e^(-(-5.989+0.127×年龄+2.019×术前屈光度-0.022×术前角膜中央厚度+0.043×切削深度-1.569×切削光学区直径))],Hosmer-Lemeshow检测回归方程拟合优度(P=0.818),利用建模组数据进行内部验证,ROC曲线下面积为0.890(95%CI 0.843-0.937),灵敏度为81.82%,特异度为84.71%;利用验证组数据进行外部验证,ROC曲线下面积为0.838(95%CI 0.717-0.959),灵敏度为80.00%,特异度为87.57%。结论:构建的风险模型判别效度良好,可用于识别中高度近视患者行FS-LASIK术后1 a屈光回退高危人群。

高度近视合并白内障患者超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术后屈光误差的影响因素分析

目的分析高度近视合并白内障患者超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术后屈光误差的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2020年1月至2021年12月于北京中医药大学东直门医院眼科行白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术患者的临床资料,根据患者术后1个月的绝对屈光误差,将0.04~<1.00 D的37眼纳入术后屈光状态理想组,1.00~3.61 D的17眼纳入术后屈光状态不佳组。比较两组相关指标,采用logistic回归分析探讨术后屈光误差的独立影响因素。结果单因素分析结果显示,两组性别、年龄、术前最佳矫正视力、眼轴长度和人工晶状体度数比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,年龄(OR=1.170,95%CI:1.026~1.334,P=0.019)、眼轴长度(OR=2.682,95%CI:1.109~6.487,P=0.029)是患者术后屈光误差的独立危险因素。结论分析高度近视合并白内障患者术后屈光误差的影响因素,为提高该病临床治疗效果提供可靠的理论依据。

3D CT眼球重建技术用于评估高度近视白内障眼球形态和人工晶状体度数预测精确度的研究

目的探索3D CT眼球重建技术在评估高度近视白内障眼球形态和人工晶状体(IOL)度数预测精确度的应用。方法收集2021年8—12月行白内障超声乳化吸除联合IOL植入术的高度近视患者,眼轴长度(AL)≥26.5 mm,共计52例(52眼),随访1个月。完善眼眶薄层CT(扫描层厚0.3 mm),记录眼底黄斑萎缩、牵引、新生血管病变(ATN)分级,比较术后最佳矫正视力(BCVA)和屈光度平均绝对误差(MAE),分析不同类型后巩膜葡萄肿的眼球形态之间的差异。利用SPSS 20.0对数据进行统计分析,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果高度近视眼3D CT眼球形态分类如下:球形8眼(15.4%)、椭球形4眼(7.7%)、锥形13眼(25%)、鼻侧扭曲形12眼(23.1%)、颞侧扭曲形7眼(13.5%)、桶形8眼(15.4%)。在年龄<60岁患者组中,球形8眼(25.0%)、锥形8眼(25.0%),比例最高,椭球形1眼(3.1%)、颞侧扭曲形4眼(10.5%),比例最低;在年龄≥60岁患者组中,没有球形眼球,而锥形5眼(25%)和鼻侧扭曲形7眼(35%),比例最高,提示随着年龄增加,后巩膜葡萄肿出现比例增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。同时,当AL<28 mm时,球形眼球7眼(38.9%),比例最高;而当AL≥30 mm时,没有球形眼球,锥形6眼(26.1%)、颞侧扭曲形5眼(21.7%)和桶形5眼(21.7%),比例增加,提示随着AL增加,后巩膜葡萄肿发生率增加,并且容易出现黄斑区的葡萄肿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。无后巩膜葡萄肿的球形眼球患者白内障术后有87.5%的患者BCVA达到20/40及以上,而伴有后巩膜葡萄肿者视力预后不佳,尤其锥形有6眼(46.2%)和颞侧扭曲有3眼(42.9%)的BCVA<20/40,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=46.755,P<0.001)。高度近视黄斑ATN分级提示,锥形、颞侧扭曲和桶形眼球的眼底病变更加明显,分级更高。高度近视眼中有30眼(57.7%)白内障术后MAE<0.5 D,其中椭球形、锥形和颞侧扭曲形眼球IOL度数预测准确性最差,仅有25%、53.9%和37.5%眼MAE<0.5 D;球形和鼻侧扭曲形眼球预测性最好,有75%眼MAE<0.5 D,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=80.035,P<0.001)。结论高度近视眼轴越长,越容易出现眼球畸形。其中,锥形、颞侧扭曲和桶形等眼球往往伴有严重的近视黄斑病变,白内障术后的视力预后也不佳。球形和鼻侧扭曲形眼球,白内障术中IOL度数预测性更佳,可能与后巩膜葡萄肿位置远离黄斑区域,从而生物测量更加准确有关。