This paper provides a review of the differences between high pH and near-neutral pH stress corrosion cracking of pipeline steels, influencing factors, and mechanisms. The characteristics and historical information on ...This paper provides a review of the differences between high pH and near-neutral pH stress corrosion cracking of pipeline steels, influencing factors, and mechanisms. The characteristics and historical information on both forms of SCC are discussed. The prospect for research in the future is also presented.展开更多
目的探讨高温高湿暴露对中等强度作业人员生理的影响,并评价现行国际标准ISO 7933《Ergonomics of the thermal enviroment——Analytical determination and interpretation of heat stress using calculation of the predicted heat s...目的探讨高温高湿暴露对中等强度作业人员生理的影响,并评价现行国际标准ISO 7933《Ergonomics of the thermal enviroment——Analytical determination and interpretation of heat stress using calculation of the predicted heat strain》中预测热应激(predicted heat stress,PHS)模型的性能。方法利用人工气候室营造9种温湿度工况(温度35、38、40℃,湿度25%、40%、60%),连续监测10名受试者在跑步机上以0.5 m/s(等效代谢率160 W/m2)速度行走时的直肠温度、皮肤温度、心率、出汗率等指标。结果高温高湿耦合对受试者生理指标影响更显著,当温度>38℃时相对湿度对心率产生显著影响,所有受试者于温度>38℃,相对湿度为60%时终止试验。所有试验工况下累计85.7%受试者因直肠温度超过39℃终止试验,表明直肠温度是受试者热暴露下更敏感的安全性评价指标。此外,现有PHS模型预测出汗率明显高于实测值,若以预测允许暴露时间<实测暴露时间为指标,模型对于受试者的保护效能仅为21.5%。结论现有PHS模型显著高估了高温高湿环境下中等强度作业人员的出汗率和允许安全暴露时间,保护效能较低。展开更多
基金This project is supported by Key National Basic Research Development Program of China(973Program,No.2007CB106800)National Key Project for the Eleventh Five Year Plan(2006BAC01A08,2007BAD65B02-6)+4 种基金the Foundation of the Knowledge Innovation Projectof Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KZCX3-SW-NA3-05)the One Hundred Talent Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(C08B8)Key Lab-oratory of Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management of Jilin Province(K09M6)Project of Science and Technology Cooperation of JilinProvince and Chinese Academy of Sciences(2005SYHZ0007)Project of the CAS Action-Planfor West Development(KZCX2-XB2-13)
文摘This paper provides a review of the differences between high pH and near-neutral pH stress corrosion cracking of pipeline steels, influencing factors, and mechanisms. The characteristics and historical information on both forms of SCC are discussed. The prospect for research in the future is also presented.
文摘目的探讨高温高湿暴露对中等强度作业人员生理的影响,并评价现行国际标准ISO 7933《Ergonomics of the thermal enviroment——Analytical determination and interpretation of heat stress using calculation of the predicted heat strain》中预测热应激(predicted heat stress,PHS)模型的性能。方法利用人工气候室营造9种温湿度工况(温度35、38、40℃,湿度25%、40%、60%),连续监测10名受试者在跑步机上以0.5 m/s(等效代谢率160 W/m2)速度行走时的直肠温度、皮肤温度、心率、出汗率等指标。结果高温高湿耦合对受试者生理指标影响更显著,当温度>38℃时相对湿度对心率产生显著影响,所有受试者于温度>38℃,相对湿度为60%时终止试验。所有试验工况下累计85.7%受试者因直肠温度超过39℃终止试验,表明直肠温度是受试者热暴露下更敏感的安全性评价指标。此外,现有PHS模型预测出汗率明显高于实测值,若以预测允许暴露时间<实测暴露时间为指标,模型对于受试者的保护效能仅为21.5%。结论现有PHS模型显著高估了高温高湿环境下中等强度作业人员的出汗率和允许安全暴露时间,保护效能较低。
