Can we triumph over locally advanced cervical cancer with colossal para-aortic lymph nodes? A case report

BACKGROUND Para-aortic lymph nodes(PALNs)are common sites for the regional spread of cervical squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 36-year-old woman who presented with cervical SCC with multiple bulky PALNs,largest measured 4.5 cm×5 cm×10 cm.The patient was treated with radical intent with definitive chemoradiation using sequential doseescalated adaptive radiotherapy,followed by maintenance chemotherapy.The patient achieved a complete response;she has been doing well since the completion of treatment with no evidence of the disease for 2 years.CONCLUSION Regardless of the size of PALN metastases of cervical carcinoma origin,it is still treatable(with radical intent)via concurrent chemoradiation.Adaptive radiotherapy allows dose escalation with minimal toxicity.

Role of D2 gastrectomy in gastric cancer with clinical para-aortic lymph node metastasis

BACKGROUND Owing to the technical difficulty of pathological diagnosis, imaging is still the most commonly used method for clinical diagnosis of para-aortic lymph node metastasis(PALM) and evaluation of therapeutic effects in gastric cancer, which leads to inevitable false-positive findings in imaging. Patients with clinical PALM may have entirely different pathological stages(stage IV or not), which require completely different treatment strategies. There is no consensus on whether surgical intervention should be implemented for this group of patients. In particular, the value of D2 gastrectomy in a multidisciplinary treatment(MDT)approach for advanced gastric cancer with clinical PALM remains unknown.AIM To investigate the value of D2 gastrectomy in a MDT approach for gastric cancer patients with clinical PALM.METHODS In this real-world study, clinico-pathological data of all gastric cancer patients treated at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between 2011 and 2016 were reviewed to identify those with clinically enlarged PALM. All the clinico-pathological data were prospectively documented in the patient medical record. For all the gastric cancer patients with advanced stage disease,especially those with suspicious distant metastasis, the treatment methods were determined by a multidisciplinary team.RESULTS In total, 48 of 7077 primary gastric cancer patients were diagnosed as having clinical PALM without other distant metastases. All 48 patients received chemotherapy as the initial treatment. Complete or partial response was observed in 39.6%(19/48) of patients in overall and 52.1%(25/48) of patients in the primary tumor. Complete response of PALM was observed in 50.0%(24/48)of patients. After chemotherapy, 45.8%(22/48) of patients received D2 gastrectomy, and 12.5%(6/48) of patients received additional radiotherapy. The postoperative major complication rate and mortality were 27.3%(6/22) and 4.5%(1/22), respectively. The median overall survival and progression-free survival of all the patients were 18.9 and 12.1 mo, respectively. The median overall survival of patients who underwent surgical resection or not was 50.7 and 12.8 mo,respectively. The 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 56.8% and 47.3%,respectively, for patients who underwent D2 resection. Limited PALM and complete response of PALM after chemotherapy were identified as favorable factors for D2 gastrectomy.CONCLUSION For gastric cancer patients with radiologically suspicious PALM that responds well to chemotherapy, D2 gastrectomy could be a safe and effective treatment and should be adopted in a MDT approach for gastric cancer with clinical PALM.

CA19-9 level determines therapeutic modality in pancreatic cancer patients with para-aortic lymph node metastasis

Background: In general, para-aortic lymph node(LN16) metastasis has been considered as a contraindication for pancreatic resection. However, some pancreatic cancer patients with LN16 metastasis have been reported to survive for longer than expected after pancreatectomy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether pancreatic cancer patients with LN16 metastasis might benefit from surgery.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 201 consecutive patients with invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery at Osaka National Hospital between April 2003 and December 2012.These patients included 22 patients with LN16 metastasis who underwent an extended lymphadenectomy and 25 patients who underwent a palliative surgical biliary and gastric bypass. The clinicopathological data and outcomes were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses.Results: The overall survival of the patients with LN16 metastasis was poorer than that of the LN16-negative patients(P = 0.0014). An overall survival analysis of the LN16-positive patients stratified according to the preoperative CA19-9 level showed a significant difference between patients with a low preoperative CA19-9 level(≤360 U/mL) and those with a high preoperative CA19-9 level(>360 U/mL)(P = 0.0301). No significant difference in overall survival of patients was observed between those with LN16 positivity and those who underwent bypass surgery. However, the overall survival of the LN16-positive patients with a CA19-9 level ≤360 U/mL(n = 11) was significantly higher than that of those who underwent bypass surgery(P = 0.0452).Conclusion: Surgical resection and extended lymphadenectomy remains an option for pancreatic cancer patients with LN16-positivity whose CA19-9 level is ≤360 U/mL.

Para-aortic lymph node involvement should not be a contraindication to resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND Para-aortic lymph nodes(PALN)are found in the aortocaval groove and they are staged as metastatic disease if involved by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC).The data in the literature is conflicting with some studies having associated PALN involvement with poor prognosis,while others not sharing the same results.PALN resection is not included in the standard lymphadenectomy during pancreatic resections as per the International Study Group for Pancreatic Surgery and there is no consensus on the management of these cases.AIM To investigate the prognostic significance of PALN metastases on the oncological outcomes after resection for PDAC.METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of data retrieved from a prospectively maintained database on consecutive patients undergoing pancreatectomies for PDAC where PALN was sampled between 2011 and 2020.Statistical comparison of the data between PALN+and PALN-subgroups,survival analysis with the Kaplan-Meier method and risk analysis with univariable and multivariable time to event Cox regression analysis were performed,specifically assessing oncological outcomes such as median overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS).RESULTS 81 cases had PALN sampling and 17(21%)were positive.Pathological N stage was significantly different between PALN+and PALN-patients(P=0.005),while no difference was observed in any of the other characteristics.Preoperative imaging diagnosed PALN positivity in one case.OS and DFS were comparable between PALN+and PALN-patients with lymph node positive disease(OS:13.2 mo vs 18.8 mo,P=0.161;DFS:13 mo vs 16.4 mo,P=0.179).No difference in OS or DFS was identified between PALN positive and negative patients when they received chemotherapy either in the neoadjuvant or in the adjuvant setting(OS:23.4 mo vs 20.6 mo,P=0.192;DFS:23.9 mo vs 20.5 mo,P=0.718).On the contrary,when patients did not receive chemotherapy,PALN disease had substantially shorter OS(5.5 mo vs 14.2 mo;P=0.015)and DFS(4.4 mo vs 9.8 mo;P<0.001).PALN involvement was not identified as an independent predictor for OS after multivariable analysis,while it was for DFS doubling the risk of recurrence.CONCLUSION PALN involvement does not affect OS when patients complete the indicated treatment pathway for PDAC,surgery and chemotherapy,and should not be considered as a contraindication to resection.

Thoracic para-aortic lymph node recurrence in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma:A propensity score-matching analysis

BACKGROUND Thoracic para-aortic lymph node(TPLN)recurrence in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is rare and its impact on survival is unknown.We studied survival in patients with ESCC who developed TPLN recurrence.AIM To study the survival in patients with ESCC who developed TPLNs recurrence.METHODS Data were collected retrospectively for 219 patients who had undergone curative surgery for ESCC during January 2012 to November 2017 and who developed recurrences(36.29%of 604 patients who had undergone curative surgeries for ESCC).The patients were classified into positive(+)and negative(-)TPLN metastasis subgroups.We also investigated TPLN recurrence in 223 patients with ESCC following definitive chemoradiotherapy during 2012-2013.Following propensity score matching(PSM)and survival estimation,factors predictive of overall survival(OS)were explored using a Cox proportional hazards model.RESULTS Among the patients with confirmed recurrence,18 were TPLN(+)and 13 developed synchronous distant metastases.Before PSM,TPLN(+)was associated with worse recurrence-free(P=0.00049)and OS[vs TPLN(-);P=0.0027],whereas only the intergroup difference in recurrence-free survival remained significant after PSM(P=0.013).The Cox analysis yielded similar results.Among the patients who had received definitive chemoradiotherapy,3(1.35%)had preoperative TPLN enlargement and none had developed recurrences.CONCLUSION TPLN metastasis is rare but may be associated with poor survival.

Effectiveness of intraoperative ultrasonography for para-aortic lymph nodes in preventing unnecessary lymphadenectomy in ovarian carcinoma

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of intraoperative ultrasonography (IU) for para-aortic nodes to identify women who do not require pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy in ovarian carcinoma. Methods: Computed tomography (CT) was used for assessing both pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes, and IU only for para-aortic nodes in 87 women with ovarian carcinoma. All women underwent surgery with routine systematic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. We assumed that no lymphadenectomy had been performed when no enlarged node was detected by either CT or IU or when the woman was in T1 stage. Under these assumptions, the numbers of women who would have had missed metastases and who could have avoided lymphadenectomy were counted. These figures were recounted on the combination of T stage and IU. Results: A total of 22 women had pathological node metastases. The numbers of women with missed metastases on the basis of CT, IU, and T stage were 12, 2, 5, and these who could have avoided lymphadenectomy were 72, 39, and 49, respectively. There were more women avoiding lymphadenectomy by CT than IU and T stage;however, more women with missed node metastases. Both numbers were not significantly different between IU and T stage. On the combination of T stage and IU, 29 of 49 women in T1 stage could have avoided lymphadenectomy without missed metastases. Conclusions: IU for the para-aortic node is a useful method for identifying women who do not require lymphadenectomy for T1 stage ovarian carcinoma.

Para-aortic node involvement is not an independent predictor of survival after resection for pancreatic cancer

To analyze the importance of para-aortic node status in a series of patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) in a single Institution. METHODSBetween January 2000 and December 2012, 151 patients underwent PD with para-aortic node dissection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma in our Institution. Patients were divided into two groups: patients with negative PALNs (PALNs-), and patients with metastatic PALNs (PALNs+). Pathologic factors, including stage, nodal status, number of positive nodes and lymph node ratio, invasion of para-aortic nodes, tumor’s grading, and radicality of resection were studied by univariate and multivariate analysis. Survival curves were constructed with Kaplan-Meier method and compared with Log-rank test: significance was considered as P < 0.05. RESULTSA total of 107 patients (74%) had nodal metastases. Median number of pathologically assessed lymph nodes was 26 (range 14-63). Twenty-five patients (16.5%) had para-aortic lymph node involvement. Thirty-three patients (23%) underwent R1 pancreatic resection. One-hundred forty-one patients recurred and died for tumor recurrence, one is alive with recurrence, and 9 are alive and free of disease. Overall survival was significantly influenced by grading (P = 0.0001), radicality of resection (P = 0.001), stage (P = 0.03), lymph node status (P = 0.04), para-aortic nodes metastases (P = 0.02). Multivariate analysis showed that grading was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (P = 0.0001), while grading (P = 0.0001) and radicality of resection (P = 0.01) were prognostic parameters for disease-free survival. Number of metastatic nodes, node ratio, and para-aortic nodes involvement were not independent predictors of disease-free and overall survival. CONCLUSIONIn this experience, lymph node status and para-aortic node metastases were associated with poor survival at univariate analysis, but they were not independent prognostic factors.

Advances in para-aortic nodal dissection in gastric cancer surgery: A review of research progress over the last decade

Approximately 17%-40%of para-aortic lymph node(PAN)metastasis occurs in patients with advanced gastric cancer.As the third tier of lymphatic drainage of the stomach and the final station in front of the systemic circulation,PAN infiltration is defined as distant metastasis and plays a key role in the evaluation of the prognosis of advanced gastric cancer.Many clinical factors including tumor size≥5 cm,pT3 or pT4 depth of tumor invasion,pN2 and pN3 stages,the macroscopic type of Borrmann Ⅲ/Ⅳ,and the diffuse/mixed Lauren classification are indicators of PAN metastasis.Whether PAN dissection(PAND)should be performed on patients with or without the macroscopic PAN invasion remains unascertained,regardless of the numerous retrospective comparative studies reported on the improved prognosis over D2 alone.Another paradoxical result from many other studies showed no significant difference in the overall survival between these two lymphadenectomies.A phase Ⅱ trial launched by the Japan Clinical Oncology Group indicated that two or three courses of S-1 and cisplatin preoperatively followed by radical surgery with D2+PAND and postoperative S-1 is the current standard strategy for the treatment of patients with extensive lymph node metastasis,and this regimen could be substituted by a promising strategy with effective combination chemotherapy or suitable chemotherapy duration.This review focuses on the advances in radical gastrectomy plus PAND with or without chemotherapy for patients with advanced gastric cancer.

Prognostic value of para-aortic lymph node metastasis and dissection for pancreatic head ductal adenocarcinoma: a retrospective cohort study

Background:Para-aortic lymph node(PALN)metastasis affects approximately 20%of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC).However,the prognostic significance of PALN metastases and dissection remains unclear.Methods:This retrospective cohort study included patients with PDAC of the pancreatic head who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)at our center between January 2017 and December 2020.Results:A total of 234 patients were included in the study.PALN dissection improved the median overall survival(OS)without statistical significance(24.1 vs 18.1 months,P=.156).The median recurrence-free survival was significantly longer in the PALN-dissection group than the group without PALN dissection(18.2 vs 11.6 months,P=.040).Conversely,there were no significant differences in the long-term prognosis between the PALN-positive and PALN-negative subgroups in the PALN-dissection group.Multivariate analysis showed that PALN metastasis was not an independent risk factor for OS(hazard ratio:0.831,95%confidence interval:0.538–1.285,P=.406).Conclusions:For patients with pancreatic head ductal adenocarcinoma,PD with PALN dissection may achieve survival prolongation and bridge the survival gap between patients with and without PALN metastasis without significantly increasing the perioperative risks.

Clinical significance of para-aortic lymph node dissection and prognosis in ovarian cancer

Lymph node metastasis has an important effect on prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer. Moreover, the impact of para-aortic lymph node （PAN） removal on patient prognosis is still unclear. In this study, 80 patients were divided into groups A and B. Group A consisted of 30 patients who underwent PAN ＋ pelvic lymph node （PLN） dissection, whereas group B consisted of 50 patients who only underwent PLN dissection. Analysis of the correlation between PAN clearance and prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer was conducted. Nineteen cases of lymph node metastasis were found in group A, among whom seven cases were positive for PAN, three cases for PLN, and nine cases for both PAN and PLN. In group B, 13 cases were positive for lymph node metastasis. Our study suggested that the metastatic rate of lymph node is 40.0%. Lymph node metastasis was significantly correlated with FIGO stage, tumor differentiation, and histological type both in groups A and B （P 〈 0.05）. In groups A and B, the three-year survival rates were 77.9% and 69.0%, and the five-year survival rates were 46.7% and 39.2%, respectively. However, the difference was not statistically significant （P 〉 0.05）. The three-year survival rates of PLN metastasis in groups A and B were 68.5% and 41.4%, and the five-year survival rates were 49.7% and 26.4%, respectively. Furthermore, PLN-positive patients who cleared PAN had significantly higher survival rate （P = 0.044）. In group A, the three-year survival rates of positive and negative lymph nodes were 43.5% and 72.7%, and the five-year survival rates were 27.2% and 58.5%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant （P= 0.048）. Cox model analysis of single factor suggested that lymph node status affected the survival rate （P 〈 0.01）, which was the death risk factor. Consequently, in ovarian carcinoma cytoreductive surgery, resection of the para-aortic lymph node, which has an important function in clinical treatment and prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer, is necessary.

高分辨率MRI扫描对结直肠癌盆腔淋巴结转移的诊断价值

目的:探讨高分辨率磁共振成像(MRI)扫描对结直肠癌盆腔淋巴结转移的诊断价值。方法:选取2021年10月至2022年10月聊城市人民医院收治的结直肠癌患者80例,均行高分辨率MRI扫描,以病理检查结果为金标准,分析高分辨率MRI扫描诊断结直肠癌盆腔淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异度、准确度,并分析MRI图像特征与结直肠癌盆腔淋巴结转移的相关性。结果:以病理检查结果作为金标准,纳入的80例结直肠癌患者共出现盆腔淋巴结转移53例,占比66.25%;高分辨率MRI诊断结直肠癌盆腔淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为86.79%、85.19%、86.25%。结直肠癌盆腔淋巴结转移患者MRI图像中边缘模糊、内部信号不均匀比例高于无淋巴结转移患者,淋巴结短径长于无淋巴结转移患者(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,MRI图像特征中短径诊断结直肠癌盆腔淋巴结转移的临界值为3.08mm,预测灵敏度为81.1%,特异度为92.6%,均高于边缘、内部信号预测的71.7%、67.9%和74.1%、77.8%。结论:结直肠癌患者采用高分辨率MRI扫描可有效诊断盆腔淋巴结转移情况,尤其是MRI图像特征中短径对盆腔淋巴结转移的预测价值更高。

前哨淋巴结1~2枚阳性乳腺癌患者腋窝非前哨淋巴结的转移情况和相关危险因素

目的探究与分析前哨淋巴结(SLN)1~2枚阳性乳腺癌患者腋窝非前哨淋巴结(NSLN)的转移情况和相关危险因素。方法选取2018年3月至2022年4月张家港市第一人民医院接受前哨淋巴结活检(SLNB)治疗且经过病理诊断为SLN 1~2枚阳性的早期乳腺癌患者共83例,同时该组患者也进行腋窝淋巴结清扫术(ALND)治疗,对所有患者行相关影像学检查及组织活检,按照是否发生早期乳腺癌腋窝NSLN癌转移,分为阳性组(n=40)及阴性组(n=43),对早期乳腺癌腋窝NSLN癌转移情况进行分析,进行单因素及多因素logistic回归分析探讨影响SLN 1~2枚阳性乳腺癌患者腋窝NSLN的转移情况和相关危险因素。结果腋窝NSLN转移40例(48.2%),作为阳性组,其余43例(51.8%),作为阴性组。两组早期乳腺癌患者肿瘤组织分化程度、肿瘤位置、肿瘤直径、病理类型、Ki-67阳性、HER-2阳性比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,肿瘤组织分化程度(中分化)、肿瘤直径(>5 cm)、肿瘤发病位置(外上)、病理类型(浸润性非特殊癌)为影响腋窝NSLN转移的高危因素(P<0.05)。结论肿瘤组织分化程度、直径、病理类型、发病位置可作为影响SLN 1~2枚阳性乳腺癌患者腋窝NSLN转移的高危因素,在临床工作中需要对上述影响因素引起足够的重视。

高频超声结合CT可有效诊断早期甲状腺乳头癌及颈部淋巴结转移

目的 探讨高频超声结合CT在早期诊断甲状腺乳头癌中的应用及对颈部淋巴结转移的预测价值。方法 回顾性分析2022年1月~2023年7月新疆医科大学第四附属医院收治的120例疑似甲状腺乳头癌患者的临床资料。所选患者均行甲状腺切除术及颈部淋巴结清扫,并进行高频超声及CT检查。以病理结果为金标准,统计高频超声、CT单独及联合检查检出甲状腺乳头癌及颈部淋巴结转移的情况,分析高频超声、CT单独及联合检查对甲状腺乳头癌的诊断价值和对颈部淋巴结转移的预测价值。结果 120例疑似甲状腺乳头癌患者中甲状腺乳头癌阳性107例(89.17%),阴性13例(10.83%);颈部淋巴结转移65例(54.17%),未转移55例(45.83%)。高频超声检出甲状腺乳头癌真阳性72例,真阴性9例;CT检出真阳性74例,真阴性10例;联合检查检出真阳性89例,真阴性11例。高频超声检出颈部淋巴结转移真阳性49例,真阴性43例;CT检出真阳性51例,真阴性44例;联合检查检出真阳性61例,真阴性52例。ROC分析结果显示,高频超声、CT联合检查诊断甲状腺乳头癌的敏感度、准确度、曲线下面积均高于高频超声、CT单独检查(P<0.05);高频超声、CT联合检查预测颈部淋巴结转移的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确度、曲线下面积均高于高频超声、CT单独检查(P<0.05)。结论 高频超声结合CT早期诊断甲状腺乳头癌的价值较高,且可预测患者颈部淋巴结转移,二者联合检查的效果优于单独检查。

ICG示踪前哨淋巴结在早期低危和中高危子宫内膜癌治疗中的应用研究

目的探讨吲哚菁绿(ICG)示踪前哨淋巴结(SLN)在早期低危和中高危子宫内膜癌(EC)中的应用价值。方法选取2020年7月1日至2022年6月30日于新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院经宫腔镜或诊断性刮宫病理证实为早期EC的62例患者作为研究对象。先行腹腔镜下SLN活检(SLNB),然后行全子宫、双侧附件切除术+腹主动脉旁、盆腔淋巴结切除术。将患者分为低危组(n=42)、中高危组(n=20),比较两组检出率、灵敏度、阴性预测值(NPV)及SLN分布特征;采用Logistic回归分析影响SLN显影的因素。结果低危组和中高危组EC患者的总检出率分别为90.3%和90.0%,灵敏度均为100%,NPV均为100%,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。低危组EC患者SLN显影分布:髂外淋巴结和闭孔淋巴结62.0%,髂内淋巴结和骶前淋巴结34.0%,髂总淋巴结2.7%,腹主动脉旁淋巴结1.3%;中高危组EC患者SLN显影分布:髂外淋巴结和闭孔淋巴结63.3%,髂内淋巴结和骶前淋巴结33.3%,髂总淋巴结0%,腹主动脉旁3.3%;低危组与中高危组SLN显影分布比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论ICG示踪SLN在早期低危和中高危EC中均是有效和可行的。

B超、双能CT、细针穿刺在甲状腺乳头状癌术前评估淋巴结转移中的优化选择

目的探寻高分辨率超声检查(B超)、双能计算机断层扫描(DECT)以及细针穿刺抽吸活检(FNAB)在甲状腺癌患者术前淋巴结转移(LNM)诊断时的最佳选择。方法回顾性分析了1174例在南京医科大学第一附属医院行手术治疗的甲状腺乳头状癌患者的资料,术前所有患者均行B超和DECT检查,其中167例患者加做侧区淋巴结FNAB和细针穿刺抽吸物洗脱液甲状腺球蛋白测定(FNA-TG)以评估LNM情况,手术后的常规病理结果作为诊断“金标准”,分析不同情况下甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)LNM评估方法的最优选择。结果DECT对于中央区淋巴结转移(CLNM)和侧区PTC淋巴结转移(LLNM)预测的灵敏度较B超有显著提高(55.4%vs.44.8%,P<0.001)(90.9%vs.71.6%,P<0.001),B超在LLNM预测的特异性较DECT有优势(72.7%vs.42.7%,P<0.001);B超、DECT联合诊断对CLNM和LLNM的阳性预测准确率较高(91.6%,94.8%),当联合诊断结果不一致时其阳性预测值明显下降(74.3%,63.1%)。此时,增加可疑淋巴结FNAB及FNA-TG检测后其准确率增加至87.9%。结论B超、DECT联合评估是必要的;联合诊断均有转移时,不需要进行额外检查,联合诊断结果不一致时,需要进一步进行淋巴结的FNAB和FNA-TG检测以避免不必要的侧区清扫。

高频超声用于浅表淋巴结良恶性鉴别的临床价值

目的探讨高频超声用于浅表淋巴结良恶性鉴别的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2022年2月至2024年1月佛山市中医院收治的64例浅表淋巴结患者的临床资料,所有患者均接受高频超声检查,依据病理组织活检结果将其分为良性组21例和恶性组43例,比较两组患者的高频超声图像特征,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,并采用Kappa一致性检验分析高频超声对恶性浅表淋巴结的诊断价值。结果良性组与恶性组患者的高频超声图像特征比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中恶性浅表淋巴结表现为类圆形/圆形,未发现淋巴门结构,内部可见微小的钙化灶/囊状回声,边界清晰度不佳,彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)呈现为周边/混合型;良性组患者超声检测的长径值、短径值、长径/短径比值、RI值分别为(2.84±0.29)cm、(1.20±0.16)cm、2.35±0.26、0.62±0.07,明显低于恶性组的(3.11±0.35)cm、(1.32±0.15)cm、2.50±0.27、0.85±0.09,动脉收缩期血流速度为(31.85±3.29)cm/s,明显快于恶性组的(26.99±2.76)cm/s,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组患者的舒张末期血流速度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);高频超声诊断恶性浅表淋巴结的敏感度、特异度、曲线下面积(AUC)、Kappa值分别为83.72%、85.71%、0.847(95%CI 0.739~0.955)、0.662。结论高频超声对浅表淋巴结良恶性具有一定的鉴别诊断价值,值得临床推广应用。

高分辨MR成像联合ADC值预测直肠癌新辅助放化疗后区域淋巴结转移的价值

目的 探讨高分辨MR成像联合表观扩散系数(ADC)值预测直肠癌新辅助放化疗(nCRT)后区域淋巴结转移的效能。方法纳入青岛大学附属青岛市中心医院2020年5月至2022年5月收治的93局部进展期直肠癌患者为研究对象,于nCRI前、结束时6~8周接受高分辨率MRI T2WI、弥散加权成像检查并在1周内行全直肠系膜切除术。根据术后病理结果分为淋巴结转移组(n=24)和未转移组(n=69)。比较两组nCRT前、后淋巴结短径、长径、ADC值及其变化百分比绝对值(Δ%),分析高分辨MR成像联合ADC值预测直肠癌nCRT后区域淋巴结转移的价值。结果 转移组nCRT前后淋巴结短径均大于非转移组,nCRT前ADC值均小于非转移组(P<0.05);转移组Δ短径%、ΔADC%值均小于非转移组(P<0.05);但两组nCRT前后长径及Δ长径%值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);经Logistic回归分析显示,Δ短径%、MDC%是直肠癌患者nCRT后区域淋巴结转移的独立预测指标;绘制受试者工作曲线(ROC)显示,Δ短径%、ΔADC%单独及联合预测直肠癌患者nCRT后区域淋巴结转移的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.748、0.852、0.879,具有一定预测价值。结论 高分辨MR成像联合ADC值预测直肠癌nCRT后区域淋巴结转移具有一定的价值,其中淋巴结短径与ADC值变化可有效提示nCRT后区域淋巴结转移情况。

Reid阴道镜评分、HPV E6/E7 mRNA表达量在宫颈癌中的临床应用价值研究

目的研究Reid阴道镜评分(以下简称Reid评分)、高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HR-HPV)mRNA表达量与宫颈癌国际妇产科联盟(FIGO)分期、血清常规肿瘤标志物水平的相关性及对宫颈癌术后淋巴结转移的预测价值。方法选取2021年3月至2022年5月在菏泽市立医院就诊的100例宫颈癌患者作为宫颈癌组,另选同期诊治的50例低级别鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)患者作为LSIL组,50例高级别鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)患者作为HSIL组。比较3组Reid评分、HPV E6/E7 mRNA表达量及血清常规肿瘤标志物[糖类抗原125(CA125)、癌胚抗原(CEA)]水平;分析宫颈癌组Reid评分、HPV E6/E7 mRNA表达量与血清常规肿瘤标志物水平及宫颈癌FIGO分期的相关性;根据宫颈癌组患者术后随访结果分为术后有淋巴结转移和无淋巴结转移,比较有无淋巴结转移患者Reid评分、HPV E6/E7 mRNA表达量及血清CA125、CEA水平,分析Reid评分、HPV E6/E7 mRNA表达量对宫颈癌术后淋巴结转移的预测价值。结果宫颈癌组Reid评分、HPV E6/E7 mRNA表达量及血清CA125、CEA水平均高于HSIL组、LSIL组(P<0.05);HSIL组Reid评分、HPV E6/E7 mRNA表达量及血清CA125、CEA水平均高于LSIL组(P<0.05)。宫颈癌患者Reid评分、HPV E6/E7 mRNA表达量与血清CA125、CEA水平均呈正相关(r=0.405~0.705,P<0.05)。Reid评分、HPV E6/E7 mRNA表达量与宫颈癌FIGO分期呈正相关(r=0.415、0.501,P<0.05)。宫颈癌组术后淋巴结转移患者的Reid评分、HPV E6/E7 mRNA表达量及血清CA125、CEA水平均高于无淋巴结转移的患者(P<0.001)。Reid评分、HPV E6/E7 mRNA表达量、CA125、CEA预测宫颈癌术后淋巴结转移的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.756(95%CI:0.657~0.838)、0.760(95%CI:0.662~0.841)、0.803(95%CI:0.710~0.877)、0.768(95%CI:0.670~0.848)。将CA125、CEA联合检测作为常规预测方案,Reid评分、HPV E6/E7 mRNA表达量、CA125、CEA联合检测作为新预测方案,常规预测方案预测宫颈癌术后淋巴结转移的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.826(95%CI:0.724~0.889),新预测方案预测宫颈癌术后淋巴结转移的AUC为0.955(95%CI:0.892~0.987),新预测方案预测的AUC明显大于常规预测方案(Z=1.981,P=0.045)。与常规预测方案比较,新预测方案的净重新分类指数为0.021(95%CI:0.015~0.039)、综合判别改善指数为0.046(95%CI:0.033~0.069),均P<0.05。结论Reid评分、HPV E6/E7 mRNA表达量与宫颈癌FIGO分期及血清CEA、CA125水平相关,且在预测宫颈癌术后淋巴结转移方面具有一定价值。

子宫颈癌淋巴结转移全转录组表达谱的分析与验证

目的通过高通量测序及生信分析,挖掘子宫颈癌淋巴结转移调控机制。方法收集3例淋巴结转移、3例无淋巴结转移的子宫颈癌组织,全转录组高通量测序筛选差异表达信使RNA(mRNA)、微小RNA(miRNA)和长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)(|log 2FC|≥1、P<0.05),构建竞争内源性RNA(ceRNA)网络,进行基因本体(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路分析。癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)数据集转移相关mRNA与ceRNA网络中mRNA取交集,检测交集mRNA表达情况。结果高通量测序筛选出差异表达的118个mRNA(47个上调,71个下调)、5个miRNA(1个上调,4个下调)和64个lncRNA(35个上调,29个下调),构建22个mRNA、5个miRNA、13个lncRNA的ceRNA网络。GO分析发现22个mRNA主要富集在趋化因子调节、tRNA甲基转移酶活性等;KEGG通路分析发现22个mRNA主要富集于Wnt、Rap1、MAPK、TNF等信号通路。TCGA数据集筛选出1404个转移相关的mRNA,与22个mRNA取交集后得到TRMT9B、FRAS1、BEND7、SLC35G1,实时定量聚合酶链反应结果显示,相比于无淋巴结转移的子宫颈癌患者,淋巴结转移的子宫颈癌患者BEND7(Z=3.628,P<0.001)、FRAS1(Z=2.570,P=0.010)和TRMT9B(Z=3.024,P=0.002)mRNA相对表达量更低,SLC35G1(Z=1.965,P=0.049)mRNA相对表达量更高。免疫组化结果显示,BEND7表达与国际妇产科联合会分期、淋巴脉管间隙浸润和淋巴结转移有关(χ^(2)=17.500,P<0.001;χ^(2)=4.351,P=0.037;χ^(2)=17.500,P<0.001)。结论本研究描绘子宫颈癌淋巴结转移表达谱,构建ceRNA网络,筛选并验证4个子宫颈癌淋巴结转移相关分子,为深入研究子宫颈癌淋巴结转移分子机制提供了思路。

基于超高分辨和常规超声造影的机器学习模型对淋巴结结核的诊断效能比较

目的探讨在机器学习帮助下超高分辨以及普通超声造影对淋巴结结核的诊断价值。方法前瞻性收集2021年1月至2024年1月于杭州市红十字会医院就诊的颈部淋巴结肿大患者198例,并按7∶3比例随机分为训练集和验证集,通过机器学习的方法分别建立常规超声造影(Normal CEUS)模型以及高分辨超声造影(HR CEUS)模型,比较并分析两个模型的诊断效能。结果Normal CEUS模型在训练集以及验证集中的AUC分别为0.820和0.798。HR CEUS模型在训练集以及验证集中的AUC(0.993和0.990)高于Normal CEUS模型,其在验证集中的特异度(100%)也高于Normal CEUS模型的特异度(60.9%)。结论基于机器学习的超高分辨超声造影模型比常规模型更具有诊断价值。