Screening and early detection of pancreatic cancer in high risk population

Pancreatic cancer is a serious growing health issue in developed countries.For patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer,the five year survival rate is below 5%.One major important reason leads to the poor survival rate is lack of early detection of pancreatic cancer.Over 80% of the patients are diagnosed in advanced disease stages.Screening for pancreatic cancer is a desirable option for high risk individuals to allow early detection and treatment of curable pancreatic neoplasms at a pre-invasive stage.This article highlights the need,endpoint,population,method,diagnostic yield,and the problems of current screening programs.

ESTABLISHMENT OF HIGH RISK POPULATION AND PRECANCEROUS LESION OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA(NPC)

A prospective study was done by the examination of nasopharyngoscope, reaction of EB virus's antigens and antibodies, nasopharyngofibroscope, pathological and EB virus's DNA, EBERs, etc. of about 100000 persons in high risk area of NPC in Guangdong Province, China from 1986 to 1995. If any one of the following four conditions is present in some persons, i.e., (1) EBV VCA/IgA titer>1:80, (2) EBV EDAb>60%, (3) Dual or triple positiveness in VCA/IgA, EA/IgA and EDAb, (4) Any one of VCA/IgA, EA/IgA and EDAb keeps high titer or going up, they should be regarded as in precancerosis of NPC. The moderate or severe heteroplasia and heterometaplasia of nasopharyngeal mucosa are the precancerous lesions of NPC. Some individual who is in precancerosis or with precancerous lesion should be regarded as the high risk population of NPC. The results are of important scientific basis for screening and second degree prevention of NPC.

A STUDY OF PRECANCEROUS GASTRIC LESIONS IN A HIGH RISK POPULATION

A study of precancerous gastric lesion was conducted in a randomly selected high risk population in Linqu, Shandong Province of China. 849 subjects aged from 30-64 were examined bioptically. There were 8 cases of gastric cancer, the prevalence rate was 0.9%. 169 subjects were diagnosed to be dysplasia, the prevalence rate of dysplasia was increased significantly with age. The regression equation was Y=0.47X-0.25. The prevalence of CAG was found in 36 per cent of the studied subjects and both dysplasia and CAG were more serious in the antrum than the. fundus. The results showed a natural history of precancerous gastric lesions in a high risk population in a high risk area.

Analysis of Super-high Yield Population in Rice Zhongzao 39

[Objectives] The paper focused on the way how to promote yield of early indica rice Zhongzao 39. [Methods] At different yield levels, the yield components of super-high yield population in Zhongzao 39 were analyzed. Correlation analysis, regression analysis and path analysis were performed to analyze the relationship among traits and their contributions to yield. [Results] The performance of ear, grain and weight in Zhongzao 39 showed significant differences among different yield levels. It showed that the direct contributions of main economic traits to yield were determined to be 1 000-grain weight〉effective ears〉seed setting rate〉filled grains per ear. [Conclusions] The super-high yielding and effective cultivation techniques were suggested as follows： on the basis of the increasing number of effective ears and the remaining of grain weight, a stable seed setting rate should be considered.

Influencing Factors of Long-Term Residence Intention of Highly Educated Inter-Provincial and Intra-Provincial Floating Population From the Perspective of Social Integration:Take Guangdong Province for Example

Floating population plays an important role in the development of cities,regions,and countries.The economic growth path with Guangdong characteristics is inseparable from the support of highly educated groups.Studying the long-term residence intention of the highly educated floating population is helpful for the city to attract and retain talents.From the perspective of social integration,using CMDS 2017 data and taking Guangdong Province for example,this paper studies the influencing factors of long-term residence intention through SPSS logistic regression,taking intra-provincial and inter-provincial floating population with a bachelor’s degree or above as sample.The main conclusions are:(1)Marital and childbearing status is the primitive influencing factor of long-term residence intention among intra-provincial and inter-provincial floating population.Samples with high income,under social insurance system,being female and having non-agricultural hukou,are tend to prefer long-term residence.Samples who connect with the locals and participate in social public welfare are more likely to stay.(2)Personal age and city livability have a significant positive impact on the long-term residence intention of the inter-provincial highly educated floating population,but agricultural hukou and self-employed laborer status will weaken the long-term residence intention of this group.(3)Participation in townsmen/alumni association has a positive effect on the long-term residence intention of the intra-provincial highly educated floating population,and connection with outlanders also promotes the long-term residence intention of this group.(4)The long-term residence intention of inter-provincial highly educated floating population is usually based on reality,therefore they pay more attention to the development,changes,and livability of the destination city.However,the long-term residence intention of intra-provincial highly educated floating population is usually based on perception,so they pay more attention to whether they like the city.Compared with intra-provincial flows,inter-provincial flows have higher economic and emotional migration costs,more institutional barriers,and more life adaptation problems.Therefore,the government should introduce targeted measures to promote social integration and improve long-term residence intention.

A 100 m population grid in the CONUS by disaggregating census data with open-source Microsoft building footprints

In the Big Data era,Earth observation is becoming a complex process integrating physical and social sectors.This study presents an approach to generating a 100 m population grid in the Contiguous United States(CONUS)by disaggregating the US cen-sus records using 125 million of building footprints released by Microsoft in 2018.Land-use data from the OpenStreetMap(OSM),a crowdsourcing platform,was applied to trim original footprints by removing the non-residential buildings.After trimming,several metrics of building measurements such as building size and build-ing count in a census tract were used as weighting scenarios,with which a dasymetric model was applied to disaggregate the American Community Survey(ACS)5-year estimates(2013-2017)into a 100 m population grid product.The results confirm that the OSM trimming process removes non-residential buildings and thus provides a better representation of population distribution within complicated urban fabrics.The building size in the census tract is found in the optimal weighting scenario.The product is 2.5Gb in size containing 800 million populated grids and is currently hosted by ESRI(http://arcg.is/19S4qK)for visualization.The data can be accessed via https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/DLGP7Y.With the accel-erated acquisition of high-resolution spatial data,the product could be easily updated for spatial and temporal continuity.

Liver cancer screening in China: practices and its extended questions

Screening for liver cancer(hepatocellular carcinoma)in China started in early 1970s with the application of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)in high-incidence regions.It has been extended to nationwide areas,emerging from the concepts of conducting screening in populations at-risk with positive hepatitis B surface antigen to the practice programs in rural and urban areas,and finally to the development of recommendations to guide medical practice for health care providers.The implementation of screening for liver cancer has resulted in earlier detection and hence the early curable treatment for patients who have gained short-or long-term survival,and even reduction in mortality rates,although these outcomes are more anecdotal than rigorously evidence-based.AFP or ultrasound examination has been considered as sensitive and specific methods for early detection but are with limitations.The combined use of these two modalities for screening populations at-risk every six months seems to have been reached consensus.The feasibility of screening for liver cancer is still debated because of differing opinions and even opposition to the choice of targeted sub-populations,the intrinsic necessity,and the contributions of the main risk factors among Western countries and China/Asian areas.Yet,the over 51%of global burden of liver cancer is in China,the solution to the early detection and treatment of liver cancer should fully consider the actual situation in China.The effectiveness of screening for liver cancer is worthy of anticipation.

Stroke screening and health-related physical fitness testing in medical staff members in Urumqi, China

Objective: Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability, and is closely related to a lack of exercise. Currently, most Chinese medical staff members lack exercise and may be at risk for stroke. We sought to determine the risk factors for stroke and study the significance of health-related physical fitness testing in stroke prevention among Chinese medical staff members. Methods: A total of 627 subjects from Urumqi, Xinjiang, China, were included in the study and a survey was conducted from 1st January 2016 to 1st February 2016. Stroke screening and health-related physical fitness testing were completed according to the standard protocol, and the related data were analyzed. Results: Based on the screening, 27.6%(n=173) of the subjects were at high risk for stroke. The top risk factors for stroke in these subjects were dyslipidemia, lack of exercise or mild physical activity, being overweight or obese, and high blood pressure. Body weight, body mass index, body fat, visceral fat area, body fat percentage, and basal metabolic rate were significantly higher (P<0.01) in subjects at high risk for stroke than in subjects who were not at high risk. Lung capacity, step index, grip test, vertical jump, and sit-up/push-up index were significantly lower (P<0.01) in subjects at high risk for stroke than in subjects who were not at high risk. Conclusions: A large proportion of China's on-the-job medical personnel is at high risk for stroke. This may be related to the nature of the profession and warrants more attention from the society. The health-related physical fitness measurement parameters in subjects at high risk for stroke were significantly different from those in subjects who were not at high risk. Screening and health-related physical fitness testing in medical staff members may contribute to stroke prevention. More rigorous controlled clinical trials will be needed in the future.