High-power microwave propagation properties in the argon plasma array

The argon plasma induced by the L-/C-band high-power microwave(HPM) is investigated theoretically and experimentally. Influences of the microwave power, pulse width, polarization and the plasma electron density on the protection performance of the plasma array against HPM are studied. The results show that the effect of HPM is caused by energy accumulation, with the gas breakdown emerging only after a short time. The attenuation of the wave by the plasma array with the tubes off can reach approximately 23 dB at 1.3 GHz. It can also be obtained that the protection performance of the plasma array against the TE wave is better than that against the TM one. The plasma array shows better protection performance in the L-band than in the C-band. In addition,the attenuation of 5.6 GHz HPM can reach 30 dB when the tubes are turned on in the experiment.The research shows that the plasma array has protection ability against HPM.

Analysis of High-Power Microwave Propagation in a Magnetized Plasma Filled Waveguide

Plasma filling can dramatically improve the performance of high power microwave devices. The characteristics of high-power microwave propagation along plasma filled waveguides in an axial magnetic field are analyzed in this paper, and the ponderomotive force effect of high power microwave is taken into consideration. Theoretical analysis and preliminary numerical calculations are performed. The analyses show that the ponderomotive effect would change the plasma density, distribution of microwave field intensity, and dispersion of wave propagation. The higher the microwave power, the stronger the ponderomotive effect. In different magnetic fields, the ponderomotive effect is different.

Plasma Limiter Based on Surface Wave Plasma Excited by Microwave

A novel plasma limiter, in which the plasma is excited by surface wave, is presented. The breakdown time of some gases filled in the limiter were calculated as a function of gas pres- sure, ionization degree and density of seed electrons under low pressure （0.01 -1 Torr） and high pressure （10 -1000 Torr） cases. The results show that the limiter filled with Xe with a pressure of 0.9 Torr, seed electron density of 10^16 m^-3, and ionization degree of 10^-4, has a breakdown time of approximate 19.6 ns.

Transmission properties of microwave in rectangular waveguide through argon plasma

To study the impact of plasma generated by microwave breakdown on the propagation properties of microwave in high power microwave(HPM) devices, a three-dimensional(3-D) fluid model of argon plasma slab in rectangular waveguide is established and calculated by the finite-difference-time-domain(FDTD) method. A rectangular waveguide with a breakdown chamber filled with argon is set as the physics model, and HPM with frequency of 3–50 GHz propagates through this physics model. The time evolutions of the breakdown process are investigated, the reflection, transmission, and absorption coefficients of HPM are calculated, and the influences of some important parameters, including the thickness of the plasma slab and the microwave frequency on the propagation properties of the microwave are shown. Results of this work can offer theoretical instructions for suppressing the influence of breakdown to the performance of HPM devices, and for the use of microwave breakdown, such as the design of plasma limiter or absorber in HPM devices.

一种C波段雷达接收机防护技术研究

随着战场环境日益复杂,尤其是高对抗环境下,对现有各类装备均产生了极大威胁。设计了一款C波段雷达接收机保护器,采用充气微波开关管+波导同轴转换的结构设计,创新性地提出将固态限幅器芯片融合在波导同轴转换内部,限幅芯片采用级联的形式,提高了微带限幅器的承受功率。实现接收机保护器耐受功率10 MW以上,响应时间5 ns以内,不仅可用于雷达发射期间接收机防护,还可应对外部电磁干扰、高功率微波攻击。

PROBING PLASMA SPECIES IN A TM_(010) CAVITY

ith the aid of a fibre optical device, the profile of plasma parameters, such as plasma length and noise power spectrum, in a normally enclosed TM 010 cavity was probed. Experimental results show that the physical length of a plasma is linearly related to the microwave power applied and that the profile of noise power spectra varies significantly along the length of a plasma.

Simulational Investigation of a High-Efficiency X-Band Magnetically Insulated Line Oscillator

Abstract The magnetically insulated line oscillator （MILO） is a gigawatt-class, coaxial crossed-field microwave tube, which is at present a major hotspot in the field of high-power mi- crowaves （HPM） research. In order to improve the power conversion efficiency and eliminate or at least minimize anode plasma formation in the load region and radio frequency （RF） breakdown in the slow wave structure （SWS） section, an X-band MILO is presented and inyestigated nu- merically with KARAT code. The design idea is briefly presented and the simulation results are given and discussed. In the simulation, HPM is generated with peak power of 3.4 GW, maximum electric field of about 1 MV/cm, and peak power conversion efficiency of 14.0%, when the voltage is 559.1 kV and the current is 43.2 kA. The microwave frequency is pure and falls in the X-band of 9.0 GHz. The theoretical investigation and the simulation results are given to prove that the anode plasma formation and the RF breakdown can be effectively avoided or at least minimized, respectively.

Simulation of propagation of the HPM in the low-pressure argon plasma

The propagation of the high-power microwave（HPM） with a frequency of 6 GHz in the lowpressure argon plasma was studied by the method of fluid approximation.The two-dimensional transmission model was built based on the wave equation,the electron drift-diffusion equations and the heavy species transport equations,which were solved by means of COMSOL Multiphysics software.The simulation results showed that the propagation characteristic of the HPM was closely related to the average electron density of the plasma.The attenuation of the transmitted wave increased nonlinearly with the electron density.Specifically,the growth of the attenuation slowed down as the electron density increased uniformly.In addition,the concrete transmission process of the HPM wave in the low-pressure argon plasma was given.

低温等离子体用于高功率微波防护研究

等离子体对于高功率微波的攻击具有独特的防护效果。基于等离子体流体近似方法,利用COMSOL软件研究了高功率微波与柱状等离子体阵列相互作用过程中入射电场随时间的演变过程,分析了等离子体防护高功率微波的物理过程和作用机理。研究结果表明,入射的高功率微波会使等离子体参数发生剧烈变化,特别是其电子密度将急剧增加,从而使等离子体对入射的高功率微波表现出类似金属的电磁特性,最终实现对入射高功率微波的有效防护。此外,利用高频辉光放电产生柱状等离子体阵列,通过实验验证了等离子体对高功率微波的防护作用。最后,总结了基于等离子体的高功率微波防护技术需解决的主要问题。

MPCVD高功率外延生长单晶金刚石均匀性研究

目的 为了优化单晶金刚石大批量生长的等离子体环境,开展了高功率微波等离子体环境对单晶金刚石外延生长研究。方法 利用实验室自主研发的915 MHz-MPCVD装置,在15~37 kW的高功率微波馈入的条件下,研究了在高功率微波等离子体环境中CVD单晶金刚石的均匀生长条件,利用光学显微镜及激光拉曼光谱对所生长的单晶金刚石进行了形貌质量表征,利用等离子体发射光谱对高功率微波等离子体环境进行了诊断。结果 在保持甲烷体积分数为5%时,当微波功率为15k W时,等离子体球的尺寸较小,并不能完全覆盖直径150 mm的基片台;将微波功率从28 kW提高到37 kW,肉眼所见的等离子体尺寸变化并不明显,但等离子体的能量分布范围有一定的扩大,这意味着在一定的范围内活性基团的能量分布更均匀。在较高的微波功率下,分布于基片台不同区域的单晶金刚石片均能获得较好的层状生长台阶。随着微波功率的提高以及基片温度的增加,分布于基片台不同区域的微波电磁场强度都有所增强,提高了单晶金刚石的生长速率和质量。结论 在高功率等离子体环境中,通过大幅度的提高微波功率,可以有效地活化含碳基团,在等离子体中产生有利于单晶金刚石高质量高速生长的活性基团。在微波功率为37k W、甲烷体积分数为5%的情况下,将基片温度控制在950℃附近,可以有效地抑制多晶杂质的生成,实现了57片单晶金刚石的批量生长。

强电磁脉冲电离大气三维FDTD仿真

强电磁脉冲在大气中传播时会导致大气分子电离,且电离气体又会反作用于传播的电磁波,因此是一个传播状态动态实时变化的物理过程。要准确模拟该过程需要综合考虑电磁波传播、大气电离、带电粒子运动等物理过程。为解决该问题,文中结合麦克斯韦方程、等离子体方程、磁流体动力学方程等,构建多物理场分析方程组,该方程组能够考虑强电磁脉冲传播时大气电离、扩散、附着、复合等物理效应。进而结合三维时域有限差分方法(FDTD)来构建动态仿真模型,对强电磁脉冲在大气中的传播过程进行仿真并分析其宏观大气电离效果。

波导等离子体限幅器中气体的选择与触发条件计算

为保护电子设备不受高功率微波损坏，在矩形波导中嵌入等离子体限幅器。计算了不同气体的微波击穿场强随气体压强以及微波频率的变化规律。在高气压条件下（1333～133320Pa），气体击穿场强随气压增大而增大，在计算的4种气体中Ne的击穿场强最小；低气压条件下（1.3332～133.32Pa），气体击穿场强随气压增大而减小，且Xe具有最小击穿场强。高气压条件下气体的击穿场强明显高于低气压下的击穿场强。计算结果表明：当填充133.32Pa的Xe时，限幅器能够在约30km范围内，有效地防护10GW级高功率微波对电子设备的损坏。

氮气体积浓度对高微波功率沉积金刚石膜的影响

本研究在实验室自制的10kW圆柱形多模谐振腔式MPCVD装置中,研究了高功率沉积环境下,氮气在不同基片温度下对沉积的金刚石膜的影响。利用SEM表征对金刚石膜表面形貌的变化进行了分析,并结合Raman以及XRD的表征结果,分析了不同沉积温度下,氮气体积浓度与金刚石膜质量和晶粒尺寸间的关系。结果表明：引入氮气会同时起到提高沉积速率和增加二次形核的作用,并且金刚石膜的质量会随氮气体积浓度的增加而下降。随着基片温度的降低,N2对金刚石膜的影响将更多的表现为增加二次形核率。在基片温度为750℃时,通过研究不同氮气体积浓度下金刚石膜晶粒尺寸和结晶度的变化,得出当氮气体积浓度保持在0.03%-0.07%之间时,能获得晶粒尺寸为50nm左右且结晶度较好的纳米金刚石膜。

110GHz高功率微波在大气击穿等离子体中的传输、反射和吸收

高功率微波极易引起大气击穿,而伴随产生的等离子体将对微波传播特性产生很大的影响.基于电子流体模型,研究了一个大气压下110GHz高功率微波在大气击穿等离子体中的传输、反射和吸收特性.模拟结果表明,大气击穿等离子体结构在空间呈丝状分布,其与实验现象符合得很好;由于大气击穿等离子体是时变的,其对微波的反射和吸收也是时变的;随着时间的推移,等离子体吸收功率逐渐增加直至达到饱和水平,且其远大于微波反射功率;当减小入射电场时,等离子体对微波的反射变得更低.将110GHz微波击穿阈值的模拟结果与实验数据进行对比,发现两者吻合得很好.

小型超宽谱高功率微波辐射系统

小型超宽谱高功率微波辐射系统由Tesla型100 kV级ns脉冲源、Peaking-Chopping型亚纳秒气体开关及TEM喇叭天线构成。系统重复运行频率100 Hz,辐射因子rEp值75 kV,主轴辐射场中心频率520MHz,-3 dB频谱范围230～810 MHz。系统集成于一便携箱内,体积为80 cm×50 cm×26 cm,质量约45 kg。该系统结构紧凑,能够快速展开和撤收,可方便用于超宽谱高功率微波应用技术研究。

瞬变等离子体微波诊断初步研究

采用微波诊断技术对气压300 Pa,S波段HPM条件下形成的低温、弱电离、非均匀和强碰撞大气等离子体特性参数开展了初步诊断研究。获取了9~15 GHz连续波穿过HPM等离子体区域的透射波形,并对波形进行了归一化处理;通过不同频率微波的透射特性,假设等离子体电子数密度分布呈Epstein分布,分析了可能的电子数密度最大值。该研究成果的获取为HPM大气等离子体在隐身、阻断信息链等方面的应用提供了重要的技术支撑。

超宽带双脉冲辐射天线

研究了一种高功率超宽带双脉冲辐射天线,其设计思想为:辐射天线辐射两路不同脉宽的超宽谱电磁脉冲,且两路脉冲在时间上有一定延时,从而达到拓宽辐射场频谱宽度的目的。设计了一种采用三馈源的半抛物反射面超宽带天线,并对其进行了数值模拟与实验研究。采用短时傅里叶变换对辐射组合脉冲进行了联合时频分析,结果表明该天线能有效辐射双路不同脉宽的超宽谱脉冲,双脉冲辐射场的频谱宽度比单脉冲辐射场有了明显的拓宽,验证了采用双脉冲辐射是拓宽辐射场频谱的有效方法。

切比雪夫渐变线TEM喇叭天线数值模拟

设计了一种采用切比雪夫渐变线的TEM喇叭天线,分析了其工作原理,采用数值模拟的方法研究了其阻抗特性、传输特性与辐射特性,并在不同的馈入脉冲下与常用的线性渐变TEM喇叭天线进行了性能对比。结果表明:切比雪夫渐变线TEM喇叭天线具有低反射、高带宽和高辐射场强的优点,其性能要明显优于线性渐变TEM喇叭天线,且馈入脉冲越宽,性能越明显。分析了最大反射系数对切比雪夫渐变线TEM喇叭天线辐射性能的影响,馈入脉冲越窄时,宜选择反射系数越大的辐射天线。

宽禁带半导体金刚石

较详细地叙述了当前国内外正处在研究热潮中的金刚石半导体的优越性质、发展状况及其应用和潜在的应用前景。同时分析和比较了金刚石薄膜的各种制备方法,可以看出微波等离子体化学汽相沉积法是较好的制备金刚石薄膜的生长技术,并且分析了该技术的特点和优势。该法在保持适当氩气氛和施加衬底负偏压下还可进一步提高金刚石膜的生长速率和质量。对于金刚石异质(在硅衬底上)成核的基本机理也进行了分析。最后,阐述了研究金刚石半导体薄膜目前需要解决的关键问题及其发展方向。

高电流低气压等离子体阴极电子枪设计与实验

设计了一种新型的高功率低气压等离子体电子枪。基于空心阴极效应和低压辉光放电原理与经验．确定了空心阴极、加速间隙、工作气压范围等。提出关于等离子体阴极电子枪产生高功率、高密度电子束源的整体方案。分别在连续馈气和脉冲馈气条件下进行实验测试，得到放电电流、收集极电流与气压、脉宽及调制器电压的关系。实验获得电子枪的典型放电电流为150～200A，脉宽60ps；传输电子柬达到30～80A，脉宽60ps。该结果表明该新型等离子体阴极电子枪可以取代材料阴极作为大电流、长脉冲电子束源，特别适用于等离子体加载微波管。