At presure 1.0-4.0 GPa and temperature 1073-1423 K and under oxygen partial pressure conditions, a YJ-3000t multi-anvil solid high-pressure apparatus and Sarltron-1260 Impedance/Gain-Phase analyzer were employed to co...At presure 1.0-4.0 GPa and temperature 1073-1423 K and under oxygen partial pressure conditions, a YJ-3000t multi-anvil solid high-pressure apparatus and Sarltron-1260 Impedance/Gain-Phase analyzer were employed to conduct an in-situ measurement of the electrical conductivity of orthopyroxene. The buffering reagents consist of Ni＋NiO, Fe＋Fe3O4, Fe＋FeO and Mo＋MoO2 in order to control the environmental oxygen fugacity. Experimental results made clear that： （1） within the measuring frequency range from 10-1 to 106 Hz, the complex impedance （R） is of intensive dependence on the frequency; （2） The electrical conductivity （a） tends to increase along to the rise of temperature （T）, and Log a vs. 1/ T fit the Arrenhius linear relations; （3） Under the control of oxygen buffer Fe＋Fe3O4, with the rise of pressure, the activation enthalpy tends to increase whereas the electrical conductivity tends to decrease. The activation energy and activation volume of the main current carders of orthopyroxene have been obtained, which are （1.715±0.035） eV and （0.03±0.01） cm^3/mol, respectively; （4） Under given pressure and temperature, the electrical conductivity tends to increase with increasing oxygen fugacity, while under given pressure the activation enthalpy tends to decrease with increasing oxygen fugacity; and （5） The sample＇s small polarons mechanism has provided a reasonable explanations to the conduction behavior at high temperature and high pressure.展开更多
We present a novel technique for controlling oxygen fugacity,which is broadly used to in-situ measure the electrical conductivities in minerals and rocks during diamond anvil cell experiments.The electrical conductivi...We present a novel technique for controlling oxygen fugacity,which is broadly used to in-situ measure the electrical conductivities in minerals and rocks during diamond anvil cell experiments.The electrical conductivities of olivine are determined under controlled oxygen fugacity conditions(Mo–MoO2)at pressures up to 4.0 GPa and temperatures up to 873 K.The advantages of this new technique enable the measuring of the activation enthalpy,activation energy,and activation bulk volume in the Arrhenius relationship.This provides an improved understanding of the mechanism of conduction in olivine.Electrical conduction in olivine is best explained by small polaron movement,given the oxygen fugacity-dependent variations in conductivity.展开更多
Aim: The purpose of this case study was to examine the sleep quality of patients receiving noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) or nasal high-flow oxygen therapy (NHF) in an intensive care unit and to inve...Aim: The purpose of this case study was to examine the sleep quality of patients receiving noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) or nasal high-flow oxygen therapy (NHF) in an intensive care unit and to investigate what types of nursing support are offered to such patients. Methods: We examined one patient each for NPPV and NHF. Polysomnography (PSG), review of the patient charts, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data for analysis. Results: Patients treated with NPPV or NHF demonstrated a noticeable reduction in deep sleep, with most of their sleep being shallow. Their sleep patterns varied greatly from those of healthy individuals. These results suggest that, in addition to experiencing extremely fragmented sleep, sleep in these patients was more likely to be interrupted by nursing interventions, such as during auscultation of breath sounds. Furthermore, it was revealed that “anxiety or discomfort that accompanies the mask or air pressure” in patients treated with NPPV and “discomfort that accompanies the nasal cannula or NHF circuit” in patients treated with NHF may be primary causes of disrupted sleep. Our results suggest a need for nursing care aimed at improving sleep quality in patients treated with NPPV or NHF.展开更多
Through inserting a solid oxygen-specific electrolyte (YSZ) inside and exerting an electrical power of direct current outside between the sample and oxygen reservoir (an solid oxygen buffer), oxygen was driven by the ...Through inserting a solid oxygen-specific electrolyte (YSZ) inside and exerting an electrical power of direct current outside between the sample and oxygen reservoir (an solid oxygen buffer), oxygen was driven by the power from the cathodic electrode area into the positive electrode area at high temperature and high pressure. In this way, the oxygen fugacity in the sample was in situ controlled independently of temperature and pressure. By using Cu-O system as an example, this technique was proved to be successful.展开更多
The intrinsic activity of Co(OH)_(2) for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)may be elaborately improved through the suitable valence adjustment.Ce modification at electronic level is proved to be an efficient strategy owin...The intrinsic activity of Co(OH)_(2) for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)may be elaborately improved through the suitable valence adjustment.Ce modification at electronic level is proved to be an efficient strategy owing to the flexible transformation of Ce^(3+)/Ce4+.Herein,Ce0.21@Co(OH)_(2) with the optimized Ce doping have been fabricated to tailor the fast electron transfer for the enhanced activity and stability for OER.Firstly,the obtained core-shell structure composed of vertical loose Co(OH)_(2) sheets not only exposes a large number of active sites,but also provides channels for Ce doping.Secondly,the high pressure microwave with instantaneous heating can fast introduce Ce into Co(OH)_(2),obtaining Cex@Co(OH)_(2) with well dispersion and close integration.The intimated interaction between Ce and Co species may provide the"d-f electronic ladders"for accelerating electron transfer of the catalytic surface.Meanwhile,Ce promotes the formation of Co-superoxide intermediate and/or the release of oxygen,which is considered to be the rate-determining step for OER.The electrochemical measurements confirmed the low overpotential of 300 m V at 10 m A cm^(-2) and great stability of Ce0.21@Co(OH)_(2) for OER.This work demonstrates a meaningful approach to realize the tuned electronic structure through metal doping.展开更多
Study Objective: To evaluate the treatment effect of HAPE with HBO in situ at an extreme altitude of 4636 m. To investigate the relationship between pulmonary hypertension (PH) and HAPE. To emphasize the importance of...Study Objective: To evaluate the treatment effect of HAPE with HBO in situ at an extreme altitude of 4636 m. To investigate the relationship between pulmonary hypertension (PH) and HAPE. To emphasize the importance of the treatment in situ.Methods: The 32 patients from the plateau of 4636～5130 m (the barometric pressure: 57.41～53.28 kPa/431.6～400.6 mmHg(1 mmHg=133.3224 Pa), the partial pressure of oxygen: 12.0～11.6 kPa/90.0～87.0 mmHg) were treated in situ of 4636 m altitude with HBO. Before and after the treatment, the clinical symptoms / signs, radiographic evidence, SaO2, and MPAP were compared.Results: The clinical symptoms/signs, and all the targets of the patients were improved dramatically (p<0.001).Conclusions: Treating HAPE with HBO is the most effective method among various therapies in situ at an extreme altitude. The pulmonary -artery pressure was significantly decreased. All cases showed improved immediately. Among the subjects, 11 cases (34.3%) were cured at once. The therapy made it possible for patients to get further treatment at a lower altitude area with prospective good results. We suggested that treating HAPE with HBO should be the first choice in situ. There must be PH in the patients of HAPE, but the reverse is not the true. The PH is a mechanism of normal compensation of the body exposing in the hypoxic environment. It is very necessary for us to explore the threshold of PH when a HAPE happens.展开更多
为实现燃烧室组件的精确建模及其动力学特性的仿真研究,以零维时滞燃烧室模型为基础,考虑燃烧室内喷射、雾化、蒸发、混合、化学反应过程,采用针栓喷注器SMD(Sauter Mean Diameter,索特尔平均直径)经验关联式以及液滴高压蒸发理论对液氧...为实现燃烧室组件的精确建模及其动力学特性的仿真研究,以零维时滞燃烧室模型为基础,考虑燃烧室内喷射、雾化、蒸发、混合、化学反应过程,采用针栓喷注器SMD(Sauter Mean Diameter,索特尔平均直径)经验关联式以及液滴高压蒸发理论对液氧/甲烷推进剂组合的燃烧时滞进行求解,建立了基于液滴高压蒸发理论的变时滞燃烧室模型。基于1 kg/s级推力室开展热试车验证了变时滞燃烧室模型的准确性,结果表明:所建立的变时滞燃烧室模型可以较为准确地预测燃烧室的压力以及温度动态响应过程,与试验结果相比,稳态压力以及温度误差均在6%以内,压力参数动态响应时间的误差在14%以内,仿真结果具有较高的精度。基于变时滞燃烧室模型开展仿真研究,研究发现:液氧液滴初始粒径以及燃烧室温度作为影响液氧液滴寿命的主要因素,主导着液氧时滞的变化;变时滞模型可以根据工况参数动态计算推进剂燃烧时滞,启动初期喷注器雾化效果较差,液滴最大粒径达到800μm,且燃烧室温度低,进而导致燃烧时滞偏大,最大达到了1100 ms,约为稳定工作状态下燃烧时滞的40倍。本文所建立的变时滞燃烧室模型可根据工况参数对燃烧时滞进行动态计算,相较于传统时滞模型,其燃烧时滞的变化趋势更符合发动机实际工作过程,同时其室压的响应时间、稳态值也更接近实验值,该模型未来可为实际发动机时序设计等提供仿真支撑。展开更多
基金This research project was granted by the Knowledge-Innovation Program sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KZCX3-SW-124).
文摘At presure 1.0-4.0 GPa and temperature 1073-1423 K and under oxygen partial pressure conditions, a YJ-3000t multi-anvil solid high-pressure apparatus and Sarltron-1260 Impedance/Gain-Phase analyzer were employed to conduct an in-situ measurement of the electrical conductivity of orthopyroxene. The buffering reagents consist of Ni＋NiO, Fe＋Fe3O4, Fe＋FeO and Mo＋MoO2 in order to control the environmental oxygen fugacity. Experimental results made clear that： （1） within the measuring frequency range from 10-1 to 106 Hz, the complex impedance （R） is of intensive dependence on the frequency; （2） The electrical conductivity （a） tends to increase along to the rise of temperature （T）, and Log a vs. 1/ T fit the Arrenhius linear relations; （3） Under the control of oxygen buffer Fe＋Fe3O4, with the rise of pressure, the activation enthalpy tends to increase whereas the electrical conductivity tends to decrease. The activation energy and activation volume of the main current carders of orthopyroxene have been obtained, which are （1.715±0.035） eV and （0.03±0.01） cm^3/mol, respectively; （4） Under given pressure and temperature, the electrical conductivity tends to increase with increasing oxygen fugacity, while under given pressure the activation enthalpy tends to decrease with increasing oxygen fugacity; and （5） The sample＇s small polarons mechanism has provided a reasonable explanations to the conduction behavior at high temperature and high pressure.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11674404,41330206,and 11374121)
文摘We present a novel technique for controlling oxygen fugacity,which is broadly used to in-situ measure the electrical conductivities in minerals and rocks during diamond anvil cell experiments.The electrical conductivities of olivine are determined under controlled oxygen fugacity conditions(Mo–MoO2)at pressures up to 4.0 GPa and temperatures up to 873 K.The advantages of this new technique enable the measuring of the activation enthalpy,activation energy,and activation bulk volume in the Arrhenius relationship.This provides an improved understanding of the mechanism of conduction in olivine.Electrical conduction in olivine is best explained by small polaron movement,given the oxygen fugacity-dependent variations in conductivity.
文摘Aim: The purpose of this case study was to examine the sleep quality of patients receiving noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) or nasal high-flow oxygen therapy (NHF) in an intensive care unit and to investigate what types of nursing support are offered to such patients. Methods: We examined one patient each for NPPV and NHF. Polysomnography (PSG), review of the patient charts, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data for analysis. Results: Patients treated with NPPV or NHF demonstrated a noticeable reduction in deep sleep, with most of their sleep being shallow. Their sleep patterns varied greatly from those of healthy individuals. These results suggest that, in addition to experiencing extremely fragmented sleep, sleep in these patients was more likely to be interrupted by nursing interventions, such as during auscultation of breath sounds. Furthermore, it was revealed that “anxiety or discomfort that accompanies the mask or air pressure” in patients treated with NPPV and “discomfort that accompanies the nasal cannula or NHF circuit” in patients treated with NHF may be primary causes of disrupted sleep. Our results suggest a need for nursing care aimed at improving sleep quality in patients treated with NPPV or NHF.
文摘Through inserting a solid oxygen-specific electrolyte (YSZ) inside and exerting an electrical power of direct current outside between the sample and oxygen reservoir (an solid oxygen buffer), oxygen was driven by the power from the cathodic electrode area into the positive electrode area at high temperature and high pressure. In this way, the oxygen fugacity in the sample was in situ controlled independently of temperature and pressure. By using Cu-O system as an example, this technique was proved to be successful.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21776314)the Qingdao Science and Technology Benefiting People Special Project(20-3-4-8-nsh)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(20CX02212A)the Development Fund of State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processingthe Postgraduate Innovation Project of China University of Petroleum(YCX2020046)。
文摘The intrinsic activity of Co(OH)_(2) for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)may be elaborately improved through the suitable valence adjustment.Ce modification at electronic level is proved to be an efficient strategy owing to the flexible transformation of Ce^(3+)/Ce4+.Herein,Ce0.21@Co(OH)_(2) with the optimized Ce doping have been fabricated to tailor the fast electron transfer for the enhanced activity and stability for OER.Firstly,the obtained core-shell structure composed of vertical loose Co(OH)_(2) sheets not only exposes a large number of active sites,but also provides channels for Ce doping.Secondly,the high pressure microwave with instantaneous heating can fast introduce Ce into Co(OH)_(2),obtaining Cex@Co(OH)_(2) with well dispersion and close integration.The intimated interaction between Ce and Co species may provide the"d-f electronic ladders"for accelerating electron transfer of the catalytic surface.Meanwhile,Ce promotes the formation of Co-superoxide intermediate and/or the release of oxygen,which is considered to be the rate-determining step for OER.The electrochemical measurements confirmed the low overpotential of 300 m V at 10 m A cm^(-2) and great stability of Ce0.21@Co(OH)_(2) for OER.This work demonstrates a meaningful approach to realize the tuned electronic structure through metal doping.
文摘Study Objective: To evaluate the treatment effect of HAPE with HBO in situ at an extreme altitude of 4636 m. To investigate the relationship between pulmonary hypertension (PH) and HAPE. To emphasize the importance of the treatment in situ.Methods: The 32 patients from the plateau of 4636～5130 m (the barometric pressure: 57.41～53.28 kPa/431.6～400.6 mmHg(1 mmHg=133.3224 Pa), the partial pressure of oxygen: 12.0～11.6 kPa/90.0～87.0 mmHg) were treated in situ of 4636 m altitude with HBO. Before and after the treatment, the clinical symptoms / signs, radiographic evidence, SaO2, and MPAP were compared.Results: The clinical symptoms/signs, and all the targets of the patients were improved dramatically (p<0.001).Conclusions: Treating HAPE with HBO is the most effective method among various therapies in situ at an extreme altitude. The pulmonary -artery pressure was significantly decreased. All cases showed improved immediately. Among the subjects, 11 cases (34.3%) were cured at once. The therapy made it possible for patients to get further treatment at a lower altitude area with prospective good results. We suggested that treating HAPE with HBO should be the first choice in situ. There must be PH in the patients of HAPE, but the reverse is not the true. The PH is a mechanism of normal compensation of the body exposing in the hypoxic environment. It is very necessary for us to explore the threshold of PH when a HAPE happens.
文摘为实现燃烧室组件的精确建模及其动力学特性的仿真研究,以零维时滞燃烧室模型为基础,考虑燃烧室内喷射、雾化、蒸发、混合、化学反应过程,采用针栓喷注器SMD(Sauter Mean Diameter,索特尔平均直径)经验关联式以及液滴高压蒸发理论对液氧/甲烷推进剂组合的燃烧时滞进行求解,建立了基于液滴高压蒸发理论的变时滞燃烧室模型。基于1 kg/s级推力室开展热试车验证了变时滞燃烧室模型的准确性,结果表明:所建立的变时滞燃烧室模型可以较为准确地预测燃烧室的压力以及温度动态响应过程,与试验结果相比,稳态压力以及温度误差均在6%以内,压力参数动态响应时间的误差在14%以内,仿真结果具有较高的精度。基于变时滞燃烧室模型开展仿真研究,研究发现:液氧液滴初始粒径以及燃烧室温度作为影响液氧液滴寿命的主要因素,主导着液氧时滞的变化;变时滞模型可以根据工况参数动态计算推进剂燃烧时滞,启动初期喷注器雾化效果较差,液滴最大粒径达到800μm,且燃烧室温度低,进而导致燃烧时滞偏大,最大达到了1100 ms,约为稳定工作状态下燃烧时滞的40倍。本文所建立的变时滞燃烧室模型可根据工况参数对燃烧时滞进行动态计算,相较于传统时滞模型,其燃烧时滞的变化趋势更符合发动机实际工作过程,同时其室压的响应时间、稳态值也更接近实验值,该模型未来可为实际发动机时序设计等提供仿真支撑。
