Radar high resolution range profile recognition via multi-SV method

For radar high resolution range profile (HRRP) recognition, three aspects are of great importance to improve the performance, i.e. discrimination for outlier, classification for inner and an accurate description for feature space. To tackle these issues, a novel target recognition method is designed, denoted by the multiple support vectors (multi-SV) method. With the proposed method, a special framework is constructed by a treble correlate support vector model to segment the feature space to two regions with the distribution of density, and then the description and classification hyperplane for each region are achieved. Based on the support vector framework, this method needs less memory and computation complexity to fit practical radar HRRP recognition. Finally, the experiment based on the measured data verifies the excellent performance of this method.

High resolution range profile analysis based on multicarrier phase-coded waveforms of OFDM radar

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing（OFDM） radar with multicarrier phase-coded waveforms has been recently introduced to achieve high range resolution.The conventional method for obtaining the high resolution range profile（HRRP） is based on matched filters.A method of synthesizing HRRP based on the fast Fourier transform（FFT） and decoding is proposed.The mathematical expressions of HRRP are derived by assuming an elementary scenario of point-scattering targets.Based on the characteristic of OFDM multicarrier signals,it mainly analyzes the influence on HRRP exerted by several factors,such as velocity compensation errors,the sampling frequency offset,and so on.The conclusions are significant for the design of the OFDM imaging radar.Finally,the simulation results demonstrate the validity of the conclusions.

HIGH RESOLUTION RANGE PROFILE FORMATION BASED ON LFM SIGNAL FUSION OF MULTIPLE RADARS

This paper presents a new method of High Resolution Range (HRR) profile formation based on Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) signal fusion of multiple radars with multiple frequency bands. The principle of the multiple radars signal fusion improving the range resolution is analyzed. With the analysis of return signals received by two radars,it is derived that the phase difference between the echoes varies almost linearly with respect to the frequency if the distance between two radars is neg-ligible compared with the radar observation distance. To compensate the phase difference,an en-tropy-minimization principle based compensation algorithm is proposed. During the fusion process,the B-splines interpolation method is applied to resample the signals for Fourier transform imaging. The theoretical analysis and simulations results show the proposed method can effectively increase signal bandwidth and provide a high resolution range profile.

Length estimation of extended targets based on bistatic high resolution range profile

The approach to estimate the length of extended targets by using the bistatic high resolution range profile（ H RRP） is analyzed in this paper. The relationship between the bistatic H RRP and the monostatic H RRP of extended targets are investigated. It is demonstrated by simulations that the target length measured by the bistatic H RRP is more meaningful and accurate than that by the monostatic HRRP,though the monostatic H RRP has been well developed and widely used in target recognizing and classification. The estimation results of a cone shaped target are present and compared at the end of the paper. To assure the reliability of the simulation,the bistatic H RRP is obtained through the scattering field data calculated by a fullwave numerical method,FE-BI-MLFMA.

Multichannel noncoherent integration detection using high range resolution profile

A multichannel noncoherent integration detection method based on high range resolution profile was presented in this paper. According to the property of the moment generating function, the distribution characteristics of the noncoherent integrated signals with or without target presence were derived under the circumstance with noncorrelated Gaussian distribution noises. The loss of noncoherent integration was due to improper selection of integration range of cell numbers. A multi channel noncoherent integration detection scheme where the integration number in each channel va ries was proposed to solve this problem. The quality of this method for detection of various targets was evaluated. A comparison of fixed integration range cell number detection and multichannel inte gration detection for a high range resolution profile was presented. Simulation results indicated that the principle of the method was correct and performed well for unknown physical dimension targets. The method required little prior knowledge about target and was convenient for practical implementa tion.

THE INFLUENCE OF SPECKLE ON HIGH RESOLUTION RANGE PROFILE RECOGNITION BASED ON THE MATCHING SCORE

Template database is the key to radar automation target recognition based on High Resolution Range Profile (HRRP). From the traditional perspective, average HRRP is a valid template for it can represent each HRRP without scatterer Moving Through Range Cell (MTRC). However, template database based on this assumption is always challenged by measured data. One reason is that speckle happens in the frame without scatterer MTRC. Speckle makes HRRP fluctuate sharply and not match well with the average HRRP. We precisely introduce the formation mechanism of speckle. Then, we make an insight into the principle of matching score. Based on the conclusion, we study the properties of matching score between speckled HRRP and the average HRRP. The theoretical analysis and Monte Carlo experimental results demonstrate that speckle makes HRRP not to match well with the average HRRP according to the energy ratio of speckled scatterers. On the assumption of ideal scattering centre model, speckled HRRP has a matching score less than 85% with the average HRRP if speckled scatterers occupy more than 50% energy of the target.

Schemes for synthesizing high-resolution range profile with extended OFDM-MIMO

Two novel schemes are proposed to synthesize high resolution range profile (HRRP) based on co-located multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system in the context of the joint radar and communication system. The difference between two schemes is the pattern of selecting pulses, which depends on the demand for the velocity information. The system, a type of frequency diverse array (FDA), takes full advantage of the phase-coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal. Furthermore, the complete discrete form of the phase-coded OFDM echoes is utilized to derive the HRRP processing. The velocity estimation in the second scheme aims to eliminate velocity ambiguity, and high velocity can be retrieved exactly. Meanwhile, the imaging method is investigated with random frequency coding applied to an array. The desired performance of resolving velocity ambiguity and suppressing noise is shown by means of comparisons with previous work. The advantages in the radar imaging and the significance of the work are concluded in the end.

基于语义引导层次化分类的雷达地面目标HRRP识别方法

高分辨距离像(HRRP)反映了目标空间散射结构在雷达视线方向的投影,近年来被认为是地面目标识别的重要途径。现有的HRRP识别方法采用手工特征加传统机器学习分类器,均属于平面分类方法,即采用统一标准不加区别的优选特征并单次决策最终类别。然而该方法在实际应用中面临种类繁杂、数据不平衡、HRRP姿态敏感性等诸多问题,难以获取最佳的应用效果。层次化方法采取分而治之思想,将一个复杂的细粒度识别任务拆解为多个简单的识别子任务。本文采用层次化识别的思路,提出了一种基于语义引导层次化分类的雷达地面目标识别方法。该方法以联合语义和数据构建的树形结构将一个复杂的细粒度识别任务拆解为多个简单的识别子任务,并针对每一个识别子任务匹配一套优选特征集和一个局部分类器。本方法在仿真数据和实测数据上完成了验证。实验结果表明了本文方法处理地面目标识别任务的有效性。

A DETECTION METHOD OF HIGH RESOLUTION RADAR TARGETS BASED ON POSITION CORRELATION

This paper studies a detection method of targets of high resolution radar operating at the band of millimeter-wave(32-38GHz) under the background of the clutters, and proposes a new nonparametric detection method, which not only does less computation, but also is able to detect multiple extended targets radially distributed along distance "corridor", based on the position (range) correlation information of one-dimensional range images(or called range profiles) of high resolution radar targets. The experimental results, on the real echo data of tank illuminated by the millimeter-wave stepped frequency high resolution radar, have certified that such a method presented in this paper is a very effective detection method for multiple extended targets.

RESEARCH ON MOTION COMPENSATION FOR HIGH RESOLUTION PROFILE OF EXTENDED TARGET FOR STEPPED CHIRP RADAR AND DSP IMPLEMENTATION

A discrete model is set up for High Resolution Range Profile (HRRP) of an extended target and the model of echo from an extended target for a Stepped Chirp Radar (SCR) is proposed. The effect of target motion on a range profile is thoroughly analyzed, and based on which precision re- quirement is developed for motion compensation. By studying the time domain correlation and the rule based on the least burst error, a motion compensation algorithm which satisfies the project requirement is presented, and the cyber-emulation confirms the conclusion. At last the processor is designed by using DSP devices to realize motion compensation and target recognition.

AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION OF RADAR HRRP BASED ON HIGH ORDER CENTRAL MOMENTS FEATURES

The paper addresses the problem of target recognition using High-resolution Radar Range Profiles(HRRP).A novel approach of feature extraction and dimension reduction based on extended high order central moments is proposed in order to reduce the dimension of range profiles.Features extracted from radar HRRPs are normalized and smoothed,and then comparative analysis of the similar approaches is done.The range profiles are obtained by step frequency technique using the two-dimensional backscatters distribution data of four different aircraft models.The template matching method by nearest neighbor rules,which is based on the theory of kernel methods for pattern analysis,is used to classify and identify the range profiles from four different aircrafts.Numerical simulation results show that the proposed approach can achieve good performance of stability,shift independence and higher recognition rate.It is helpful for real-time identification and the engineering implements of automatic target recognition using HRRP.The number of required templates could be reduced con-siderably while maintaining an equivalent recognition rate.

基于判别性无穷模糊受限玻尔兹曼机模型的HRRP序列识别

针对雷达高分辨率距离像(High Resolution Range Profiles, HRRP)序列数据在受干扰或背景杂波严重时目标识别性能较差的问题,提出一种判别性无穷模糊受限玻尔兹曼机(Discriminative Infinite Fuzzy Re-stricted Boltzmann Machine, Dis-iFRBM)模型。该模型结合判别性受限玻尔兹曼机分类和无穷受限玻尔兹曼机模型复杂度自适应特点,汲取模糊神经网络在低信噪比环境下提取特征更稳定的优点,将模型参数从实数扩展为模糊参数,实现了对HRRP序列数据原始特征的更稳定提取以及对雷达目标的更稳健识别。通过对多个HRRP序列的识别实验,验证了Dis-iFRBM的识别稳定性以及鲁棒性,与其他模型的对比实验验证了所提模型在“噪声”环境中的有效性和优越性。

空中目标动态HRRP特征可重构模拟方法

针对目前无源模拟技术无法实现目标动态电磁特征模拟的问题,提出了一种利用相位调制表面(phase-switched screen, PSS)进行空中目标动态高分辨距离像(high resolution range profile, HRRP)特征可重构的模拟方法。以无人直升机旋翼为例,对旋翼的运动状态进行了建模,并详细分析了其动态HRRP特征。另外,通过建立PSS的周期调制信号模型,详细分析了PSS对雷达入射波的调控效果。在此基础上,提出了一种调制频率时变的PSS可重构模拟方法,该方法能够生成随时间变化的可控谐波分量,模拟产生的谐波分量与无人直升机旋翼的动态HRRP特征变化规律相似。通过仿真数据对比分析,调制频率时变的PSS可重构模拟方法能够实现无人直升机旋翼的动态HRRP特征模拟效果。

基于Attention-Inception网络集成的雷达HRRP序列目标识别方法

传统的雷达高分辨距离像(High Resolution Range Profile,HRRP)序列识别方法依赖于人工提取特征,并且在使用现有的经典深度学习方法识别小数据集时存在梯度消失和过拟合问题,导致收敛速度慢,识别率低。针对上述问题,提出了一种基于注意力机制的集成Inception网络模型,通过集成Attention-Inception单分支网络,实现了HRRP序列更深层次特征的提取;通过对模型的损失函数加入L2正则化,缓解小数据集在集成网络中的过拟合问题;利用Inception Ⅰ和Inception Ⅱ结构提取HRRP序列多尺度特征,并引入注意力机制计算特征序列的分配权重;加入残差结构,减缓了集成网络梯度消失问题。在预处理后的HRRP序列上进行实验结果表明,所提方法的目标识别率达到93.3%,并且与未去除噪声的HRRP序列相比目标识别率提高了14.67%。

基于平均模板的HRRP自动目标识别

给出了一种结合幂变换的高分辨率距离像 (High Resolution Range Profile,简称 HRRP)的预处理新方法。根据时域 -频域能量等价性 ,利用功率平均形成一种频域平均模板。基于美国 MSTAR(Moving and Stationary TargetAcquisition and Recognition)

基于核函数的多极化HRRP识别

针对多极化雷达高分辨距离像（HRRP）识别中数据量大、分布复杂和识别算法复杂的问题，提出了基于核函数的识别方法．该方法首先定义了两种基于多极化HRRP的核函数，然后将其分别应用到核主分量分析（KPCA）中降维和提取特征，最后采用最近邻（1NN）分类器和支持矢量机（SVM）分类器对目标进行分类．该方法可以在不丢失极化信息的情况下，将多极化HRRP作为一个整体进行识别，降低了识别算法的复杂度．多极化HRRP数据的仿真实验结果显示，该方法的识别率比单极化HRRP提高7％～10％；与其他多极化HRRP识别方法相比，该方法不仅降低了提取特征的维数，而且还提高了识别性能．

基于Bagging-SVM动态集成的多极化HRRP识别

针对多极化高分辨率一维距离像(high range resolution profile,HRRP)在目标识别过程中存在计算量和数据量大、识别算法复杂的问题,提出一种基于Bagging-SVM动态集成的目标识别方法。该方法首先提取多极化HRRP平移不变特征向量,然后运用Bagging方法结合基于动态互信息的特征选择方法生成基分类器,最后引入基分类器差异度进行选择性集成。实验验证该方法在缩减数据规模和计算量的同时,能有效利用多极化特征信息,得到较高的分类正确率,并且松弛了HRRP目标的姿态敏感性。

采用双向LSTM模型的雷达HRRP目标识别

针对传统雷达高分辨距离像目标识别方法只考虑高分辨距离像样本的包络信息而没有考虑其时序相关特性问题,提出了一种采用双向长短时记忆网络模型的识别算法。该算法首先选取出高分辨距离像样本的目标区域,并根据目标区域提取对于平移敏感性稳健的输入特征;然后采用双向长短时记忆模型对输入特征提取双向时序信息;最后通过投票策略融合双向信息,输出样本类别。采用实测数据的实验结果表明,该算法不仅可以有效地识别雷达目标,而且对于平移敏感性非常稳健。

基于深度学习的HRRP舰船目标识别性能分析

针对分辨率、信噪比、补零及深度置信网络等对深度学习舰船目标识别性能的影响问题,文中开展了基于实测数据的相关实验分析,整个实验分析处理过程包括回波信号对齐、数据脉冲压缩、信号能量归一化、深度学习模型训练、分类器设计及判决输出。实验分析结论为深刻理解基于深度学习的高分辨距离像舰船目标识别技术原理内涵,开展舰船目标识别工程化应用设计奠定了坚实的基础。

基于复数全极化HRRP的雷达目标识别

针对实数单极化高分辨率一维距离像(high resolution range profile,HRRP)缺失了目标的极化信息和相位信息的问题,研究了复数全极化HRRP目标特征提取方法,为合理有效运用所提取的目标信息,提出一种基于Bagging的选择性集成算法,并在此基础上设计了复数全极化HRRP目标识别方法,最后通过实验验证该方法具有良好的稳健性和可分性。