AIMTo determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Honiara, Solomon Islands. METHODSThis descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in s...AIMTo determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Honiara, Solomon Islands. METHODSThis descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in seven area health centers in Honiara. From March to June 2015, identification of eligible pregnant women in each site was conducted using systematic random sampling technique. A total of 243 pregnant women who gave written informed consent were enrolled. Standardized tool was used to record demographics, obstetric history and serology results. HBsAg and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) were tested using point-of-care rapid diagnostic test. All HBsAg positive samples were verified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTSThe mean age of participants was 26 ± 6 years. The overall hepatitis HBsAg prevalence was 13.8% with higher rate (22%) reported in women between 30-34 years of age. Majority of HBsAg positive participants were Melanesians (29 out for 33). None of the pregnant women in the 15-19 years and ≥ 40 years tested positive for HBsAg. There was no statistically significant difference in HBsAg prevalence by age, ethnicity, education and residential location. The overall HBeAg seroprevalence was 36.7%. Women between 20-24 years of age had the highest rate of 54.5%. Low level of knowledge about hepatitis B vaccination was reputed. Overall, 54.6% of participants were not aware of their hepatitis B vaccination status and only 65.2% of mothers reported their child had been vaccinated. CONCLUSIONHepatitis B is a disease of public health importance in Solomon Islands and emphasize the need for integrated preventative interventions for its control.展开更多
Introduction: Viral hepatitis B (HBV) in pregnancy is a risk for childhood transmission where the majority become chronically infected. In Uganda, HBV is not tested for during antenatal, therefore the number of infect...Introduction: Viral hepatitis B (HBV) in pregnancy is a risk for childhood transmission where the majority become chronically infected. In Uganda, HBV is not tested for during antenatal, therefore the number of infected, infectious, immune and none-immune pregnant women is unknown curtailing efforts to prevent mother to child transmission. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 254 pregnant women from four health centers in Mbarara Municipality. HBV status was assessed using an immunochromatographic (COMBO) kit, the type of infection;based on demonstration of anti hepB core IgM (acute infection) and total core IgG antibodies (chronic infection) and infectiousness;based on the presence of HBeAg and/or a quantitative HBV viral load ≥ 20,000 IU/mL. Immunity was determined using the COMBO kit and HBsAb quantification ELISA. One was deemed immune to HBV if HBsAb titers were ≥10 mIU/mL. Results: The prevalence of HBV infection was 1.2%;33% and 67% with acute and chronic HBV respectively. 33% were infectious based on a high viral load, none had detectable HBeAg. 14% were immune;amongst whom 72% had natural exposure and 18% after vaccination. There was insufficient immunity in 11% with a majority (75%) having acquired immunity following vaccination. Conclusion: The prevalence of HBV is low and most of those are chronically infected. HBeAg and Hepatitis B viral load should be performed when evaluating infectiousness. Further, there is a high transmission of HBV among adults and a low uptake of the HBV vaccine in Mbarara Municipality.展开更多
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B and C viruses are endemic in sub- Saharan African countries including Nigeria. Researchers have studied the burden of co-infection of HIV with hepatitis B and h...Background: Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B and C viruses are endemic in sub- Saharan African countries including Nigeria. Researchers have studied the burden of co-infection of HIV with hepatitis B and hepatitis C but the risk factors and clinical presentation have not been much addressed especially in children. Methodology: This was a prospective cross sectional study that determined the prevalence, risk factors, clinical features, baseline CD4<sup>+</sup> count, CD4<sup>+</sup> percentage, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of newly diagnosed, HAART na?ve HIV co-infection among children who were managed at a Tertiary Hospital in Ilorin, Nigeria. Result: Of the 60 HIV- infected children recruited, 11.7% had HIV co-infection with HBV or HCV. Children with co-infec- tions (mean age 8.43 ± 2.37 years) were significantly older than their HIV mono-infected counterparts (mean age 5.25 ± 3.96 years) (p = 0.011). There was no significant difference between HIV monoinfection and HIV co-infection with respect to gender (p = 0.758), ethnicity (p = 0.707), religion of parents (p = 0.436), family type (p = 0.184), social class (p = 0.535), previous transfusion (p = 0.053), scarification (p = 0.612), female genital mutilation (p = 0.778), and sharing of clippers (p = 0.806). The mean BMI, immunological staging (p = 0.535), baseline ALT (p = 0.940), and mean baseline CD4<sup>+</sup> count (p = 0.928) were comparable. However, the body mass index of HIV co-infec- ted children decreased with age up till age 10 years. Conclusion: There were no risk factors, nor clinical features predictive of co-infection identified in this study. Co-infection did not negatively impact baseline, CD4<sup>+</sup> count and ALT.展开更多
AIM： To assess the prevalence and socio-demographic distribution of hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection in Albania. METHODS： Blood samples from 410 unselected schoolboys, 666 students, 500 military personnel, 1286 c...AIM： To assess the prevalence and socio-demographic distribution of hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection in Albania. METHODS： Blood samples from 410 unselected schoolboys, 666 students, 500 military personnel, 1286 casual blood donors, 378 voluntary blood donors and 640 pregnant women （total 3880 non-vaccinated residents of rural and metropolitan areas from all over Albania; 2354 （60.7%） male and 1526 （39.3%） female; mean age of 26.3 years） were tested during 2004-2006 for hepatitis B surface antigen （HBsAg） and antibodies to hepatitis B virus （anti-HBs） by ELISA. RESULTS： The HBsAg and anti-HBs prevalence were 9.5% and 28.7%, respectively. The highest HI3sAg prevalence was evident in the younger age group, such as in schoolchildren （11.8%） and the military （10.6%）. Consequently, the anti-HBs prevalence increased with age, from 21.2% in schoolchildren （mean age： 15.7 years）, to 36.3% in pregnant women （mean age： 26.3 years） and 29.7% in voluntary blood donors （mean age： 40.1 years）. There were no significant differences between males and females. CONCLUSION： Despite the estimated two-fold reduction of HBsAg prevalence in the general population from about 18%-19% to 9.5%, Albania remains a highly endemic country （i.e. over 8% of HBsAg prevalence rate）.展开更多
Background: Viral hepatitis in pregnant women can be caused by multiple types of hepatitis viruses and can cause a wide range of symptoms and complications, ranging from asymptomatic infection to maternal and fetal de...Background: Viral hepatitis in pregnant women can be caused by multiple types of hepatitis viruses and can cause a wide range of symptoms and complications, ranging from asymptomatic infection to maternal and fetal deaths. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the sero-prevalence and the associated factors of viral hepatitis B (HBV), viral hepatitis C (HCV) and viral hepatitis E (HEV) among the Egyptian pregnant females. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the period from January to July 2017 in two selected antenatal clinics;El-shat by maternity university hospital at Alexandria city and El-Behera health insurance antenatal clinic at Damanhur city on 261 apparently healthy gravid women. Eligible women were evaluated by a questionnaire about socio-demographic data and viral serological tests were done at El-shat by maternity University Hospital Laboratory. Results: The overall HBs-Ag sero-prevalence in the pregnant women included in this study was 7 cases (2.7%) and HCV-RNA PCR was 4 cases (1.5%). Of the total study participants, none of them (0%) were anti-HEV IgM positive and 48 cases (18.4%) were anti-HEV IgG positive. According to our results, neither age of the woman, place of residence, past family history of hepatitis virus infection nor having a pet animal had any strong association to be considered as an associated factor for acquiring HEV infection. Conclusion: Although it seems that there are many improvements in the prevalence of different hepatitis viruses in the country, hepatitis viral infections are still high enough to continue their preventive programs and health education, to protect the mothers and their fetuses from the hazardous effects of these serious infections.展开更多
目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎肝硬化患者aMAP评分与高危食管静脉曲张(HEV)发生风险之间的关联性。方法选取2017年1月1日至2023年1月1日于安徽医科大学第一附属医院确诊为慢性乙型肝炎肝硬化的患者为研究对象。收集所有研究对象的一般资料,同时...目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎肝硬化患者aMAP评分与高危食管静脉曲张(HEV)发生风险之间的关联性。方法选取2017年1月1日至2023年1月1日于安徽医科大学第一附属医院确诊为慢性乙型肝炎肝硬化的患者为研究对象。收集所有研究对象的一般资料,同时收集入院24小时内的实验室检查指标并计算aMAP评分。所有研究对象均完成胃镜检查以评估食管静脉曲张(EV)程度。采用多元Logistic回归评估aMAP评分与HEV风险之间的相关性,采用趋势性检验(P for trend)评估两者之间的相关性是否存在剂量反应关系,最后采用平滑曲线拟合和阈值效应分析明确两者之间是否存在非线性关系。结果最终共纳入患者207例,其中HEV患者104例。与非HEV患者相比,HEV患者aMAP评分更高(P=0.002)。在多个模型中,aMAP评分与HEV之间存在明显的正向相关关系,全调整模型的结果为(OR=1.16,95%CI∶1.03-1.30)。随着aMAP评分的增加,HEV的发生风险也随之增加,趋势性检验具有显著的统计学差异(P for trend<0.01),平滑曲线拟合分析和阈值效应分析提示两者之间为直线效应关系。受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)下面积(AUC)为0.73(0.64-0.78),aMAP评分对HEV诊断的最佳截断值为63.57。结论在慢性乙型肝炎肝硬化患者中,aMAP评分与HEV发病风险之间存在直线性的正性相关关系,并且随着aMAP评分的升高这种正性相关关系更加明显。aMAP评分对HEV具有较好的诊断价值,最佳截断值为63.57。展开更多
Few studies have been conducted on the epidemiology in pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to improve the care of pregnant women infected with hepatitis B virus (VHB) and their newborns in the urban dist...Few studies have been conducted on the epidemiology in pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to improve the care of pregnant women infected with hepatitis B virus (VHB) and their newborns in the urban district health. Method: This study was conducted from 01/09/2014 to 01/09/2015. Study involved three types of data collection: a collection of data from health facilities involved in the project;repeated cross-sectional survey among health personnel;a pros- pective study of pregnant women identified positive for HBsAg and followed at the University Hospital Yalgado Ouédraogo (CHU-YO). Knowledge assessment was made among health staff and pregnant women using a knowledge score. Construction of the score came after a factorial analysis of multiple correspondences on population health workers surveyed in the first round (N = 119) on one hand and all pregnant women (N = 266) on the other hand. This had identified among the 79/19 questions, those that discriminated best knowledge of paramedics and pregnant women. For pregnant women, this score was then dichotomized from the center and logistic regression was performed to determine the sociodemographic, medical and obstetric characteristics that influenced it (p value < 005). Results: Health staff had been surveyed twice (N = 119/100). In general, the level of knowledge was good on targeted knowledge, both before and after training. No health worker routinely offered screening for hepatitis B among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics. Altogether 266 pregnant women HBsAg-positive were referred and followed CHU-YO. Half of the patients had a score lower than 2/17. Univariate analysis showed that variables such as education level influenced significantly the level of knowledge. Women with higher levels of education had a higher level of knowledge about the disease, compared to those of primary level [OR = 1.63;[1.34 to 1.99], p value < 0,001]. Newborns during the study period numbered 128 and the vaccine was made in the first 24 hours of life for 83.6% of them. Conclusion: routine screening for infection with VHB during pregnancy and improved knowledge of mothers is strongly reco- mmended in Burkina Faso.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the effects of different delivery modes on perinatal pelvic floor muscle strength, PG, ACTH and CRP of high-risk pregnant women. Methods: 380 high-risk pregnant women who gave birth in our ho...Objective: To investigate the effects of different delivery modes on perinatal pelvic floor muscle strength, PG, ACTH and CRP of high-risk pregnant women. Methods: 380 high-risk pregnant women who gave birth in our hospital from March 2021 to February 2022 were selected as subjects, including 100 vaginal natural delivery, 156 forceps assisted delivery and 124 cesarean section. Pelvic floor pressure, PG, ACTH, CRP, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-4, IL-10 levels were evaluated and compared. The perinatal occurrence of pelvic floor functional disease (PFD) in high-risk pregnant women in each group was analyzed and evaluated. Results: There were statistical differences in the amount of postpartum blood loss (P 0.0001, F = 99.01), postpartum blood loss 24 h (P = 0.0004, F = 19.54) and hospital stay (P 0.0001, F = 70.81) among the three groups of high-risk women in natural vaginal delivery, forceps delivery and cesarean section. In addition, there were 72, 134 and 70 cases of abnormal pelvic floor fatigue in natural vaginal delivery, forceps assisted delivery and cesarean section (P 0.0001, χ<sup>2</sup> = 30.16). There were 36, 79 and 21 cases of muscle injury, respectively (P 0.0001, χ<sup>2</sup> = 34.16). There were 49, 98 and 43 cases of dysmuscular contraction, respectively (P 0.0001, χ<sup>2</sup> = 21.94). There were 65, 120 and 41 cases with vaginal dynamic pressure 80 cm H<sub>2</sub>O (P 0.0001, χ<sup>2</sup> = 56.86), respectively. The.展开更多
基金Supported by University Research Publication Committee(URPC),Fiji National University,No.ACT339Hepatitis B Free(HBF)Ltd,Australia,No.25 167 817 389
文摘AIMTo determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Honiara, Solomon Islands. METHODSThis descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in seven area health centers in Honiara. From March to June 2015, identification of eligible pregnant women in each site was conducted using systematic random sampling technique. A total of 243 pregnant women who gave written informed consent were enrolled. Standardized tool was used to record demographics, obstetric history and serology results. HBsAg and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) were tested using point-of-care rapid diagnostic test. All HBsAg positive samples were verified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTSThe mean age of participants was 26 ± 6 years. The overall hepatitis HBsAg prevalence was 13.8% with higher rate (22%) reported in women between 30-34 years of age. Majority of HBsAg positive participants were Melanesians (29 out for 33). None of the pregnant women in the 15-19 years and ≥ 40 years tested positive for HBsAg. There was no statistically significant difference in HBsAg prevalence by age, ethnicity, education and residential location. The overall HBeAg seroprevalence was 36.7%. Women between 20-24 years of age had the highest rate of 54.5%. Low level of knowledge about hepatitis B vaccination was reputed. Overall, 54.6% of participants were not aware of their hepatitis B vaccination status and only 65.2% of mothers reported their child had been vaccinated. CONCLUSIONHepatitis B is a disease of public health importance in Solomon Islands and emphasize the need for integrated preventative interventions for its control.
文摘Introduction: Viral hepatitis B (HBV) in pregnancy is a risk for childhood transmission where the majority become chronically infected. In Uganda, HBV is not tested for during antenatal, therefore the number of infected, infectious, immune and none-immune pregnant women is unknown curtailing efforts to prevent mother to child transmission. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 254 pregnant women from four health centers in Mbarara Municipality. HBV status was assessed using an immunochromatographic (COMBO) kit, the type of infection;based on demonstration of anti hepB core IgM (acute infection) and total core IgG antibodies (chronic infection) and infectiousness;based on the presence of HBeAg and/or a quantitative HBV viral load ≥ 20,000 IU/mL. Immunity was determined using the COMBO kit and HBsAb quantification ELISA. One was deemed immune to HBV if HBsAb titers were ≥10 mIU/mL. Results: The prevalence of HBV infection was 1.2%;33% and 67% with acute and chronic HBV respectively. 33% were infectious based on a high viral load, none had detectable HBeAg. 14% were immune;amongst whom 72% had natural exposure and 18% after vaccination. There was insufficient immunity in 11% with a majority (75%) having acquired immunity following vaccination. Conclusion: The prevalence of HBV is low and most of those are chronically infected. HBeAg and Hepatitis B viral load should be performed when evaluating infectiousness. Further, there is a high transmission of HBV among adults and a low uptake of the HBV vaccine in Mbarara Municipality.
文摘Background: Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B and C viruses are endemic in sub- Saharan African countries including Nigeria. Researchers have studied the burden of co-infection of HIV with hepatitis B and hepatitis C but the risk factors and clinical presentation have not been much addressed especially in children. Methodology: This was a prospective cross sectional study that determined the prevalence, risk factors, clinical features, baseline CD4<sup>+</sup> count, CD4<sup>+</sup> percentage, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of newly diagnosed, HAART na?ve HIV co-infection among children who were managed at a Tertiary Hospital in Ilorin, Nigeria. Result: Of the 60 HIV- infected children recruited, 11.7% had HIV co-infection with HBV or HCV. Children with co-infec- tions (mean age 8.43 ± 2.37 years) were significantly older than their HIV mono-infected counterparts (mean age 5.25 ± 3.96 years) (p = 0.011). There was no significant difference between HIV monoinfection and HIV co-infection with respect to gender (p = 0.758), ethnicity (p = 0.707), religion of parents (p = 0.436), family type (p = 0.184), social class (p = 0.535), previous transfusion (p = 0.053), scarification (p = 0.612), female genital mutilation (p = 0.778), and sharing of clippers (p = 0.806). The mean BMI, immunological staging (p = 0.535), baseline ALT (p = 0.940), and mean baseline CD4<sup>+</sup> count (p = 0.928) were comparable. However, the body mass index of HIV co-infec- ted children decreased with age up till age 10 years. Conclusion: There were no risk factors, nor clinical features predictive of co-infection identified in this study. Co-infection did not negatively impact baseline, CD4<sup>+</sup> count and ALT.
文摘AIM： To assess the prevalence and socio-demographic distribution of hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection in Albania. METHODS： Blood samples from 410 unselected schoolboys, 666 students, 500 military personnel, 1286 casual blood donors, 378 voluntary blood donors and 640 pregnant women （total 3880 non-vaccinated residents of rural and metropolitan areas from all over Albania; 2354 （60.7%） male and 1526 （39.3%） female; mean age of 26.3 years） were tested during 2004-2006 for hepatitis B surface antigen （HBsAg） and antibodies to hepatitis B virus （anti-HBs） by ELISA. RESULTS： The HBsAg and anti-HBs prevalence were 9.5% and 28.7%, respectively. The highest HI3sAg prevalence was evident in the younger age group, such as in schoolchildren （11.8%） and the military （10.6%）. Consequently, the anti-HBs prevalence increased with age, from 21.2% in schoolchildren （mean age： 15.7 years）, to 36.3% in pregnant women （mean age： 26.3 years） and 29.7% in voluntary blood donors （mean age： 40.1 years）. There were no significant differences between males and females. CONCLUSION： Despite the estimated two-fold reduction of HBsAg prevalence in the general population from about 18%-19% to 9.5%, Albania remains a highly endemic country （i.e. over 8% of HBsAg prevalence rate）.
文摘Background: Viral hepatitis in pregnant women can be caused by multiple types of hepatitis viruses and can cause a wide range of symptoms and complications, ranging from asymptomatic infection to maternal and fetal deaths. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the sero-prevalence and the associated factors of viral hepatitis B (HBV), viral hepatitis C (HCV) and viral hepatitis E (HEV) among the Egyptian pregnant females. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the period from January to July 2017 in two selected antenatal clinics;El-shat by maternity university hospital at Alexandria city and El-Behera health insurance antenatal clinic at Damanhur city on 261 apparently healthy gravid women. Eligible women were evaluated by a questionnaire about socio-demographic data and viral serological tests were done at El-shat by maternity University Hospital Laboratory. Results: The overall HBs-Ag sero-prevalence in the pregnant women included in this study was 7 cases (2.7%) and HCV-RNA PCR was 4 cases (1.5%). Of the total study participants, none of them (0%) were anti-HEV IgM positive and 48 cases (18.4%) were anti-HEV IgG positive. According to our results, neither age of the woman, place of residence, past family history of hepatitis virus infection nor having a pet animal had any strong association to be considered as an associated factor for acquiring HEV infection. Conclusion: Although it seems that there are many improvements in the prevalence of different hepatitis viruses in the country, hepatitis viral infections are still high enough to continue their preventive programs and health education, to protect the mothers and their fetuses from the hazardous effects of these serious infections.
文摘目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎肝硬化患者aMAP评分与高危食管静脉曲张(HEV)发生风险之间的关联性。方法选取2017年1月1日至2023年1月1日于安徽医科大学第一附属医院确诊为慢性乙型肝炎肝硬化的患者为研究对象。收集所有研究对象的一般资料,同时收集入院24小时内的实验室检查指标并计算aMAP评分。所有研究对象均完成胃镜检查以评估食管静脉曲张(EV)程度。采用多元Logistic回归评估aMAP评分与HEV风险之间的相关性,采用趋势性检验(P for trend)评估两者之间的相关性是否存在剂量反应关系,最后采用平滑曲线拟合和阈值效应分析明确两者之间是否存在非线性关系。结果最终共纳入患者207例,其中HEV患者104例。与非HEV患者相比,HEV患者aMAP评分更高(P=0.002)。在多个模型中,aMAP评分与HEV之间存在明显的正向相关关系,全调整模型的结果为(OR=1.16,95%CI∶1.03-1.30)。随着aMAP评分的增加,HEV的发生风险也随之增加,趋势性检验具有显著的统计学差异(P for trend<0.01),平滑曲线拟合分析和阈值效应分析提示两者之间为直线效应关系。受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)下面积(AUC)为0.73(0.64-0.78),aMAP评分对HEV诊断的最佳截断值为63.57。结论在慢性乙型肝炎肝硬化患者中,aMAP评分与HEV发病风险之间存在直线性的正性相关关系,并且随着aMAP评分的升高这种正性相关关系更加明显。aMAP评分对HEV具有较好的诊断价值,最佳截断值为63.57。
文摘Few studies have been conducted on the epidemiology in pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to improve the care of pregnant women infected with hepatitis B virus (VHB) and their newborns in the urban district health. Method: This study was conducted from 01/09/2014 to 01/09/2015. Study involved three types of data collection: a collection of data from health facilities involved in the project;repeated cross-sectional survey among health personnel;a pros- pective study of pregnant women identified positive for HBsAg and followed at the University Hospital Yalgado Ouédraogo (CHU-YO). Knowledge assessment was made among health staff and pregnant women using a knowledge score. Construction of the score came after a factorial analysis of multiple correspondences on population health workers surveyed in the first round (N = 119) on one hand and all pregnant women (N = 266) on the other hand. This had identified among the 79/19 questions, those that discriminated best knowledge of paramedics and pregnant women. For pregnant women, this score was then dichotomized from the center and logistic regression was performed to determine the sociodemographic, medical and obstetric characteristics that influenced it (p value < 005). Results: Health staff had been surveyed twice (N = 119/100). In general, the level of knowledge was good on targeted knowledge, both before and after training. No health worker routinely offered screening for hepatitis B among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics. Altogether 266 pregnant women HBsAg-positive were referred and followed CHU-YO. Half of the patients had a score lower than 2/17. Univariate analysis showed that variables such as education level influenced significantly the level of knowledge. Women with higher levels of education had a higher level of knowledge about the disease, compared to those of primary level [OR = 1.63;[1.34 to 1.99], p value < 0,001]. Newborns during the study period numbered 128 and the vaccine was made in the first 24 hours of life for 83.6% of them. Conclusion: routine screening for infection with VHB during pregnancy and improved knowledge of mothers is strongly reco- mmended in Burkina Faso.
文摘Objective: To investigate the effects of different delivery modes on perinatal pelvic floor muscle strength, PG, ACTH and CRP of high-risk pregnant women. Methods: 380 high-risk pregnant women who gave birth in our hospital from March 2021 to February 2022 were selected as subjects, including 100 vaginal natural delivery, 156 forceps assisted delivery and 124 cesarean section. Pelvic floor pressure, PG, ACTH, CRP, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-4, IL-10 levels were evaluated and compared. The perinatal occurrence of pelvic floor functional disease (PFD) in high-risk pregnant women in each group was analyzed and evaluated. Results: There were statistical differences in the amount of postpartum blood loss (P 0.0001, F = 99.01), postpartum blood loss 24 h (P = 0.0004, F = 19.54) and hospital stay (P 0.0001, F = 70.81) among the three groups of high-risk women in natural vaginal delivery, forceps delivery and cesarean section. In addition, there were 72, 134 and 70 cases of abnormal pelvic floor fatigue in natural vaginal delivery, forceps assisted delivery and cesarean section (P 0.0001, χ<sup>2</sup> = 30.16). There were 36, 79 and 21 cases of muscle injury, respectively (P 0.0001, χ<sup>2</sup> = 34.16). There were 49, 98 and 43 cases of dysmuscular contraction, respectively (P 0.0001, χ<sup>2</sup> = 21.94). There were 65, 120 and 41 cases with vaginal dynamic pressure 80 cm H<sub>2</sub>O (P 0.0001, χ<sup>2</sup> = 56.86), respectively. The.
