Reliability and validity of the hidden hunger assessment scale in China-revised for high school students

Objective:Hidden hunger remains a severe public health problem that affects millions of people worldwide.In China,challenges related to dietary imbalance and hidden hunger persist.Micronutrient inadequacy deserves more attention among adolescents,given its vital role in their growth and development;however,this problem appears to have been largely ignored.High school students,in particular,are often at a high risk of hidden hunger but have limited assessment tools available.Therefore,this study aims to revise the hidden hunger assessment scale for high school students(HHAS-HSS)in China and assess its reliability and validity.Methods:Based on a literature review,expert consultation,pre-experiment,and formal survey,a hidden hunger assessment scale was revised for high school students.The formal survey involved 9336 high school students in 11 of the 16 cities in Anhui Province,China,and 9038 valid questionnaires were collected and included in the analysis.The item analysis,internal consistency reliability,test-retest reliability,content validity,exploratory factor analysis,and confirmatory factor analysis of the HHAS-HSS were examined.Results:The HHAS-HSS included a total of 4 dimensions and 12 items:"vegetables and food diversity"(three items),"fruits and dairy products"(three items),"micronutrient-dense foods"(four items),and"health condition and eating habits"(two items).The results showed a Cronbach's alpha of 0.758,a split-half reliability of 0.829,and a test-retest reliability of o.793,indicating good internal consistency.Using the Bartlett's test and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test(KMO)to test the exploratory factor analysis presented a four-factor model of the HHAS-HSS,the KMO0 value was 0.820(P<0.001),which indicated the possibility for factor confirmatory factor analysis.Using the maximum variance rotation method,four factors were obtained,and the cumulative variance explained rate was 57.974%.Confirmatory factor analysis also supported the division of the scale into four dimensions,and the fitting indices were x^(2)=1417.656,x^(2)/df=29.534,goodness-of-fit index=0.974,adjusted goodnessof-fit index=0.958,parsimonious goodness-of-fit index=0.600,normed fit index=0.938,incremental fit index=0.940,Tucker-Lewis index=0.917,comparative fit index=0.939,and root mean square error of approximation=0.056.Except for x^(2)/df,all the indices reached the fitting standard,and the above results showed that the construct validity of the scale reached an acceptable level.Conclusions:The HHAS-HSS has good validity and reliability for Chinese high school students.It is a convenient self-report measure of hidden hunger risk.

Eating Habits of High School Students in the District of Bamako in the Context of Nutritional Transition

Introduction: Eating habits are consolidated in early childhood and continue throughout life. Adolescence is a stage of rapid growth linked to puberty affected by the nutritional transition. This study aimed to evaluate the eating habits of high school students in the district of Bamako. Methodology: The cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted from June 15 to July 4, 2023. The sample size was calculated with the StatCalc program of the Epi 7.2 software. Data was collected using a questionnaire on KoboCollect. Analyses were performed using SPSS 26 software. Results: A total of 2400 high school students were surveyed. The average age of high school students was 16.9 years ± 1.4. The median age was 17, with extremes of 14 and 19. Of the high school students, 53.3% were boys. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1.14. About 89.4% of high school students had a Smartphone. Among high school students, 51.1% did not engage in physical activity outside of high school. Rice was the cereal most consumed by high school students (99.2%). Consumption of fish and seafood was very low (25.5%). Soft drinks were consumed on average 4.2 days/week. In addition, 60.8% of high school students consumed energy drinks. Certain eating behaviors were found in this study, such as nibbling (38.5%), eating in front of screens (79.0%), and skipping meals (46.1%). Conclusion: The most consumed cereal by high school students was rice. The consumption of ultra-processed products and sedentary leisure are habits to be monitored in the context of the prevention of food-related non-communicable diseases among high school students in the district of Bamako.

Effects of sports on school adaptability, resilience and cell phone addiction tendency of high school students

BACKGROUND Sport help promote healthy physical and mental development of high school students.To date,there have been few studies on the effect of sport on school adaptability,resilience and cell phone addiction tendency of high school students.AIM To explore the effects of sports on school adaptability,resilience and cell phone addiction of high school students.METHODS A stratified random sampling method was used to select 600 students from two high schools in Lhasa,and Physical Activity Rating Scale,School Adjustment Scale for High School Students,Chinese Adolescents Resilience Scale,and Mobile Phone Addiction Index were used for field questionnaire survey.RESULTS Sport was positively correlated with school adaptability and resilience(P<0.01),school adaptability was positively correlated with resilience(P<0.01)and cell phone addiction was negatively correlated with sports,school adaptability and resilience(P<0.01).The direct effect of sport on cell phone addiction was significant(P<0.001),accounting for 20.51%of the total effect.The mediating effect of school adaptability on sport and cell phone addiction was significant(P<0.001),accounting for 17.38%and 35.36%of the total effect value,respectively.School adjustment and resilience had a significant chain-mediated effect on sport and cell phone addiction(P<0.001),accounting for 26.75%of the total effect.CONCLUSION Sport affected the cell phone addiction tendency of senior high school students through the mediating effect of school adaptability and resilience,and through the chain mediation effect of both.

A Literature Review of Fertility Education for High School Students

Purpose: Fertility education for high school students leads them to be able to decide when to get pregnant and give birth, and to think about their desired life plan. However, knowledge of fertility in Japan is low compared to other countries. This study aims to understand the state of fertility knowledge among high school students in Japan and to clarify issues in fertility education. Method: Ten articles published from 2013 to July 2023 were selected for review from ICHUSHI Web Ver. 5 and CiNii with the keywords “high school students,” “fertility,” and “education.” The review was limited to Japanese-language literature due to differences in fertility education and knowledge between Japan and other countries. Results/Conclusion: 60% - 90% of the high school students indicated that their source of information on fertility was school lessons. Half of the students understood egg aging and the effects of smoking and drinking on fertility, but their knowledge of menstruation, male reproductive physiology/function, and infertility was insufficient. 50% - 80% of students wanted to marry by the age of 30, and 70% - 80% wanted to have children. 80% of students who attended a lecture on preconception care considered the lesson an opportunity to think about their future life plans. 90% of school nurse teachers reported that fertility should be taught in schools, and half said that egg aging, causes of infertility, and other topics should be covered in high school. Educational caution points included the consideration of developmental stages and the relatedness of the content to what had already been taught, among other things. High school is the best time for fertility education because it gives students the opportunity to accept their own sexuality and think about their future. In addition, since many students plan to marry and have children by the age of 30, the acquisition of fertility knowledge can be an effective means of future life design.

Relationship between Contraceptive Knowledge,Cognition and Behaviors among Vocational High School Students

Objective To study the relationship between contraceptive knowledge, cognition and behaviors among vocational high school students. Methods A cross-sectional survey was anonymously self-administrated by way of computer to all the 1st graders＇ among three vocational high schools in a district of Shanghai. Four cognition indicators, including perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived risks and self eJficacy were applied according to Health Belief Model. Results The percentage of respondents who reported ever sexual practices and contraceptives use at first sex was 7.01% and 56.64% respectively. Condom （58. 70%） and oral contraceptive pills （27.78%） were used by the majority. Main reasons for non-use were ＂shy to buy it＂ （26.53%） and ＂partner don＇t want to use any＂ （18.37%）. Proportion of respondents who ever had sex regarded withdrawal and rhythm as effective were 68.35% and 68.42% respectively. Proportion of respondents having sex knew ＂If a person was infected with STDs, he/she might not have noticeable symptoms＂ were 22.86%. Proportion of respondents who reported non-use of contraceptives at first sex considered that ＂infrequent intercourse could not cause a girl pregnant even she had experienced her menstruation＂ were 40.63%. Proportion of respondents who had ever used condom got full score of knowledge on ＂how to correctly use condom＂ were 23,26%. Perceived risks were poorest among four cognition indicators. High level of contraceptive knowledge was connected with high rate of contraceptives use at first sex, whereas high level contraceptive cognition was connected with high rate of contraceptive use both at first and recent sex. Conclusions It is important to provide youth-friendly services as well as message on contraceptives among vocational school students.

The Correlation between Explicit Grammatical Knowledge,Implicit Grammatical Knowledge and Reading Comprehension Ability of Senior High School Students

The role of grammar in language teaching has always been the question that researchers debate.In recent years,grammar knowledge has been distinguished in the foreign language acquisition research,namely the implicit knowledge and the explicit knowledge(Dai Manchun 2005;Gu Qiyi 2005).As to the reaserch of implicit and explicit grammar knowledge as well as their measurement,it is easy to find that many scholars have studied the role of two different kinds of grammar knowledge in second language development.But the research on the role of implicit and explicit grammar knowledge in second language reading comprehension is too few,not to mention the research on the role of implicit and explicit grammar knowledge in English reading comprehension in the senior high school.The purpose of this study is to find the relationship between implicit and explicit grammatical knowledge and English reading comprehension ability of senior high school students.In addition,since the vocabulary is important to reading comprehension,this factor will also be considered in the study.

The Cross Sectional Study on the Association between Sexual Awareness and Cognitive Social Capital among High School Students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Purpose: We aimed to reveal the association between cognitive social capital and sexual awareness among high school students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, where adolescent premarital sex is considered to be wide-spreading as consequence of socioeconomic changes, in comparison to our previous study in Hanoi, 2012. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire-based survey and a cross sectional study in late 2014, with 2051 eleventh graders at three high schools in Ho Chi Minh City. Complete data was received from 1935 respondents (94.3%). We assessed basic attributes, sexual knowledge, sexual awareness, sexual experience of peers, cognitive social capital such as a sense of community belonging, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem score. After the independent t-test and multiple logistic regression analyses on sexual awareness were performed assigning trivalent Rosenberg Self-Esteem score, sexual knowledge, and sexual experience of peers as independent variables (model 1), followed by analysis adjusted for cognitive social capital (model 2). This study was approved by Japanese Red Cross Akita College of Nursing (No. 24-003). Results: Of 1935 respondents, 99.9% were 16 or 17 years old and mostly from nuclear families (71.1%). Of all participants, 45.8% in males and 49.4% in females correctly answered on sexual knowledge, 47.6% of males and 28.3% of females accepted premarital sex, 60.0% of male and 65.0% of females knew peers with sexual intercourse experience, and 78.1% of males and 79.1% of females agreed with a sense of community belonging. When multiple logistic regression analyses performed, in model 1, sexual awareness was significantly associated with Rosenberg Self-Esteem score in female. In model 2, above association disappeared but significant association was found between sexual awareness and cognitive social capital in both sexes OR (95% CI), male 1.39 (1.05 - 1.84), female 1.99 (1.49 - 2.65). Discussion: The conservative traditional culture in both Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City seems to be similar to the concept of cognitive social capital and it is considered to have influenced sexual awareness of high school students in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Conclusion: Cognitive social capital is significantly associated with sexual awareness among high school students in urban areas of Vietnam.

Influence of Parental Rearing Patterns on School Bullying Behavior of Junior High School Students

Bullying,as an aggressive behavior,has become a common phenomenon among junior high school students.The occurrence of bullying behavior can have a serious negative impact on the mental health of junior high school students.Some students even suffer from psychological problems such as depression and anxiety.Many research results at home and abroad show that personality is an important factor affecting bullying behavior.In this case,this study explores the impact of parental rearing patterns on school bullying behavior.Improving the parenting styles of junior high school students and their parenting level has become an practicable practical approach to prevent the problem of school bullying.

The Relationship between Academic Performance, Achievement Motivation and Career Adaptability of Chinese High School Students

Given the importance of career adaptability to personal career and success,there is growing interest in how to cultivate youth's career adaptability in schools.This study explores the predictors of career adaptability and examines the mediating role of academic performance in the relationship between achievement motivation and career adaptability.Using the survey data of 147 Chinese high school students,a series of regression models find that academic motivation and academic performance have significant effects on career adaptability,as well as its four dimensions namely career concern,career control,career curiosity,and career confidence.Structural equation modeling further shows that achievement motivation can not only directly affect career adaptability,but also indirectly affect career adaptability through academic performance after controlling for the effects of gender,location,parent education,and family social and economic status.Research limitations and practical implications are finally discussed.

Evaluation of Impact of Life-planning Skills Training among Senior High School Students in Shangcai County

Objective To evaluate the impact of sex and reproductive health education using lifeplanning skills training among senior high school students in a rural county. Methods The study was conducted in three senior high schools of Shangcai County with comparable socio-cultural, economic, and demographic characteristics, two as intervention sites and one as the control. A three-month life-planning skills training course was conducted among all grade one students in the intervention schools. The baseline survey was conducted prior to the intervention, once again three months after the intervention was initiated. Data were collected through questionnaires, FGDs and 1Dis to evaluate the effect of the intervention program. Results After the intervention, the median score of reproductive health knowledge was higher in the intervention group （55.66） than that in control group （38.68）. Students from the intervention group were also more comfortable with their developmental changes which were going through, In the end line survey, 92.70% of the students in the intervention group suggested that reproductive health education should be carried out among all middle school students in Shangcai County. Multivariate analysis also indicated that peers and family had a significant effect on students＇ sex-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. Conclusion Sex and reproductive health education via provision of life-planning skills training can significantly increase students＇ sex and reproductive health knowl- edge and was welcomed by students, teachers and parents.

Translational research in early neuroscience careers of high school students

Essentially, the knowledge of science alone offers little utility. With-out the ability to investigate, apply and communicate, science serves no purpose. That is not to undermine the importance of scientific knowledge, but there currently exists a major flaw in our high school educational system that inhibits meaningful learning experiences for most students. Application of science in local high schools is largely directed at improving performance on multiple-choice exams. Standardized tests taken by high school students are slowly progressing,

A Literature Review regarding Cervical Cancer Prevention Targeting Junior and Senior High School Students

Objective: To understand the state of education for the prevention of cervical cancer and trends in research. The subject of cervical cancer prevention will be examined. Method: Articles from the ICHUSHI Web version 5, CiNii, and PubMed databases for the period from 2009-2019 were used. Search terms used were cervical cancer, HPV/human papillomavirus, prevention, public awareness, and education. Results: 17 articles (9 Japanese and 8 English) were analyzed. The majority of students had heard of cervical cancer but did not know of the link between it and HPV. Vaccinated individuals were significantly more likely to have deeper knowledge regarding cervical cancer and HPV. Various factors affect the vaccination rate. These include knowledge of HPV and cervical cancer, age, ethnicity, the organization or location which administers the vaccine, how to breach the subject, finances, and the opinions of friends and family. In particular, consultations with parents lead to mothers recognizing the importance of the vaccine. By way of educational intervention, opinions have grown more positive about advancing awareness, being vaccinated, and having cervical cancer screenings for the future. Conclusion: The prevention of cervical cancer requires support and fostering the judgement based on sufficient awareness and adequate education. What we need is educational intervention rooted firmly in the current societal climate aimed not only at students, but at their parents as well.

The Influence of Internet Economy on High School Students’ Consumption Concept

With the rapid development of Internet technology,the Internet economy has gradually penetrated into every aspect of people’s life.The group of high school students has increasingly become an important part of the Internet consumption market,and its consumption concept is also deeply influenced by the Internet economy.Based on the analysis of the development status of the Internet economy and the characteristics of high school students’consumption concepts,this article analyzes the double impact of the Internet economy on high school students’consumption concepts.On this basis,it expounds how to guide high school students to form the correct consumption concepts under the Internet economy from the three dimensions of school,family and individual.

A Study on English Vocabulary Learning Strategies for High School Students——A Case Study of a High School in Chaozhou

For the language learners,especially the high school students in China with heavy learning pressure,learning some useful vo-cabulary strategies would be helpful for them to master the basic elements.The study aims to do a questionnaire on the English vocabulary learning strategies for high school students in Chaozhou and figure outwhat the general conditions of using vocabulary strategies for high school students in a high school are.The study showed most students did not use mechanical memory strategy in a high frequency in learning vocabulary.Secondly,it was anunexpected result that high school students used cognitive strategies more than metacognitive strategies,which was totally different fromprevious research by other scholars.In light of the results,some practical suggestions on teachers and students are proposed.

Benefit to Chinese High School Students' Academic Learning Outcome and Evaluation by Comparing Two Different Assessment Systems

More and more researchers are becoming involved through a variety of actions and programs, which divides assessment into different branches(such as formative, summative, normative assessment, etc). In the present paper, I will try to emphasis that collaborative assessment is positive to high school students' learning outcome, and cooperative and competitive assessment should be mixture implemented in Chinese education process rather than only using competitive assessment to evaluate students' achievement. I hope that Chinese students and teachers could teach or test in the less pressure by reforming the educational evaluation system.

An Analysis on English Listening and Speaking Difficulties and Influential Factors for Senior High School Students

Nowadays English is more regarded as a"practical tool of communication"than the"knowledge to be tested".In this way,the ability of English listening and speaking will be more and more valued.But many people claim that Chinese students are learning"mute's English",which means that the average level of English listening and speaking abilities of Chinese students is still a bit low.So it is necessary to study the difficulties of high school students'listening and speaking in English and the influen-tial factors of it.This study is on the base of a research about the difficulties in English listening and speaking in a class of a key se-nior high school in Beijing.And there is a further study about the factors about the difficulties and the influential factors.This study aims to make students'needs for English in new situation be seen and to give a direction to English education.Through the study,findings can be drawn.For the difficulties for senior high school students in improving their abilities of English listening and speaking,the main difficulties are vocabulary,grammar,pronunciation,fears and culture.For the factors influencing their ability of English listening and speaking,the main factors are individual interest and effort and language environment.

Study on the stress level and coping channels of Chinese urban and rural senior high school students learning on-campus after their return to school during the post-COVID-19 pandemic period

Objective:The study aims to understand the level of perceived stress and related influencing factors among the urban and rural senior high school students in China and their channels of coping with the stress,when they shifted from home-based online learning to on-campus learning after their return to school during the post-Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic period.Methods:From January to March 2021,the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale(SSCPs-14)and a self-designed questionnaire were used for the online survey among the senior high school students from six secondary schools(three from cities and three from counties)in three provinces of China(Shandong,Shanghai and Sichuan)who were selected by convenient sampling.Descriptive analysis,t-test,χ^(2)test and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the data.Results:A total of 1,462 respondents were enrolled in the study,of which 41.66%were urban students and 58.34%were rural ones.Their overall average score of CPSS-14 was 21.69±7.65.The respondents reported the following influencing factors of perceived stress,including"Change of their learning and sleep schedule(OR=1.426,95%CI:1.056~1.927,P=0.021),"Communication with their family members(OR=2.820,95%CI:1.971~4.034,P<0.001)and"The family’s financial status"(OR=1.675,95%CI:1.181~2.376,P=0.004).Their coping strategies when facing with the stress were ranked from high to low frequency as follows:"Talk to friends(34.63%)","Talk to parents(26.88%)","Seek help from teachers(14.53%)","Deal with it on my own(13.21%)","Seek help from a psychological counsellor(7.95%),"Others(1.42%)"and"Ignore the problem(1.39%)".Rural students with three and more than three coping channels(44%)were more than urban students(36%),with a statistically significant difference between the two(χ^(2)=10.878,P=0.012).A higher proportion of respondents(49.4%)with fewer coping channels reported high level of perceived stress,compared with those with multiple coping channels(33.4%).The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(χ^(2)=55.956,P<0.001).Conclusion:Senior high school students were faced with the stress brought about by the shift from the on-line learning to on-campus learning after their return to school during the post-COVID-19 pandemic period.The change of their learning and sleeping schedule,communication with family and their family’s financial status were the main influencing factors of senior high school students'stress after their return to school.Senior high school students with more coping channels had lower level of stress.Therefore,it is suggested that stress relief measures should be taken to promote the mental health of senior high school students in the post-COVID-19 pandemic period.

A Study of Senior High School Students’Use of English Articles

Articles are very frequently used in written and oral English expressions.However,many English learners neglect the study of articles.This paper attempts to analyze the causes of errors in the use of English articles by investigating senior high school students’mastery of English articles,and analyze the reasons to help students better grasp the usage of articles.

A brief introduction to a book for high school students

This brief book is aimed at high school students,but speaks to anyone learning at any stage of life.Its formal,serious style closely matches its content,a school-masterly book on schooling.The author,W.H.Armstrong,starts with the basics:reading and writing.In his opinion,reading doesn’t just mean recognizing each word on the page;it means taking in the information,digesting it and incorporating it into oneself just as one digests a sandwich and makes it a

Sources of Sexual Knowledge among Vietnamese High School Students

This study determined the sources from which Vietnamese high school students currently acquire sexual knowledge as well as the sources from which they believe they should acquire it. Participants were eleventh-grade students at three public high schools in Hanoi, Vietnam. We conducted a questionnaire-based survey from September to October 2012, with 1672 students participating. Responses were received from all 1672 students, a response rate of 100%. Complete data were received from 1653 respondents (98.9%), including 896 males (54.2%) and 757 females (45.8%). The survey was a self-administrated questionnaire. Although many participants believed that they were knowledgeable about sex, only a small number of them actually possessed accurate sexual knowledge. Few participants in this study, targeted to a specific age (eleventh grade), had used the Internet as a major source for obtaining sexual knowledge, in contrast to results from previous studies which covered a wider age demographic. Future research should include comparative studies between eleventh and twelfth graders as well as between those of the same age who are and who are not enrolled in high school. Additionally, it might be beneficial to consider the relationship between adolescent age and Internet use to study the influence of the Internet on sexual knowledge. Our results suggest that parents and schoolteachers should shoulder more responsibility in providing sexual education, particularly by improving their own knowledge and ability to provide such education, because many participants indicated that sexual knowledge should be acquired from parents and schools.