High speed steel (HSS) rolls can replace traditional rolls such as alloyed cast iron rolls and powder metallurgical (PM) hard alloy rolls. The main reasons for the replacement are that the wear resistance of low-cost ...High speed steel (HSS) rolls can replace traditional rolls such as alloyed cast iron rolls and powder metallurgical (PM) hard alloy rolls. The main reasons for the replacement are that the wear resistance of low-cost alloyed cast iron rolls is poor and the cost of high-quality PM hard alloy rolls is very high. By means of centrifugal casting, HSS rolls having excellent wear resistance have been manufactured. The hardness of the HSS roll is 6.5~67 HRC, the range of variation is smaller than 2 HRC and its impact toughness is 15 J/cm^2. The wear rate of HSS rolls used in the pre-finishing stands of high-speed hot wire-rod rolling mill reaches 2.5×10^(-4)mm per ton steel. Furthermore, the manufacturing cost of HSS rolls is significantly lower than that of PM hard alloy rolls; it is only 30 percent of that of PM hard alloy rolls.展开更多
The present study aims at developing the high speed steel (HSS) as rollmaterials to replace the traditional roll materials such as the alloy cast iron and powdermetallurgical (PM) hard alloy. The HSS roll billet was f...The present study aims at developing the high speed steel (HSS) as rollmaterials to replace the traditional roll materials such as the alloy cast iron and powdermetallurgical (PM) hard alloy. The HSS roll billet was formed by centrifugal casting, and the billetwas rough machined alter soften annealing heat treatment, then it was quenched and tempered to getsuitable hardness and toughness. After that the HSS roll was finish machined to the final dimensionof phi 285 mm in the outer diameter, phi 160 mm in the inner diameter and 120 mm in width and itssurface hardness was tested. Finally the HSS roll was used in high speed wire rod mill. The testresults show that a high and homogeneous hardness can obtain on the work surface of HSS rolls, thesurface hardness is 63-65HRC and its variation is smaller than 2HRC. The impact toughness of thiskind of HSS is about 16 J/cm^2. The results of on-line service investigation in high speed wire rodmill indicate that the HSS rolls have excellent wear resistance, the steel rolling quantity per mmof HSS rolls is 3120 t, the service life-span of HSS rolls is 4 times longer than that of highchromium cast iron rolls and it is close to that of the PM hard alloy rolls. The manufacturingburden of HSS rolls is obviously lower than that of the PM hard alloy rolls, it is only 25 percentof that of the PM hard alloy rolls.展开更多
The as-cast microstructures of high carbon high speed steels (HC-HSS) made by sand casting, centrifugal casting and electromagnetic centrifugal casting, respectively, were studied by using of optical microscopy (OM...The as-cast microstructures of high carbon high speed steels (HC-HSS) made by sand casting, centrifugal casting and electromagnetic centrifugal casting, respectively, were studied by using of optical microscopy (OM) and D/max2200pc X-ray diffraction. The results show that the microstructure of as-cast HC- HSS is dominated by alloy carbides (W2C, VC, Cr7C3), martensite and austenite. The centrifugal casting and electromagnetic centrifugal casting apparently improve the solidification structure of HCoHSS. With the increase of magnetic intensity (B), the volume fraction of austenite in the HC-HSS solidification structure increases significantly while the eutectic ledeburite decreases. Moreover, the secondary carbides precipitated from the austenite are finer with more homogeneous distribution in the electromagnetic centrifugal castings. It has also been found that the lath of eutectic carbide in ledeburite becomes finer and carbide phase spacing in eutectic ledeburite increases along with the higher magnetic field strength.展开更多
The centrifugal casting of compound HSS/nodular cast iron roll collar was studied,and the factors affecting transition zone quality were analyzed.The pouring temperature and interval in pouring are the main factors af...The centrifugal casting of compound HSS/nodular cast iron roll collar was studied,and the factors affecting transition zone quality were analyzed.The pouring temperature and interval in pouring are the main factors affecting transition zone quality.By controlling process parameter and flux adding during casting,high quality roll collar was obtained.The cause,why in the casting of HSS part,segregation appears easily,was analyzed and the countermeasure eliminating segregation was put forward,the measure eliminating heat treatment crackling was also put forward.展开更多
The present work investigated the solidification microstructure of AISI M2 high speed steel manufactured by different casting technologies, namely iron mould casting and continuous casting. The results revealed that t...The present work investigated the solidification microstructure of AISI M2 high speed steel manufactured by different casting technologies, namely iron mould casting and continuous casting. The results revealed that the as-cast structure of the steel was composed of the iron matrix and the M2C eutectic carbide networks, which were greatly refined in the ingot made by continuous casting process, compared with that by the iron mould casting process. M2C eutectic carbides presented variation in their morphologies and growth characteristics in the ingots by both casting methods. In the ingot by iron mould casting, they have a plate-like morphology and grow anisotropically. However, in the ingot made by continuous casting, the carbides evolved into the fiber-like shape that exhibited little characteristics of anisotropic growth. It was noticed that the fiber-like M2C was much easier to decompose and spheroidize after heated, as a result, the carbides refined remarkably, compared with the case of plate-like carbides in the iron mould casting ingot.展开更多
The M2 high-speed steel strip was produced by using the laboratory scale twin roll strip caster. The microstructure and eutectic carbide morphology of thus produced products were observed and analyzed, and the compari...The M2 high-speed steel strip was produced by using the laboratory scale twin roll strip caster. The microstructure and eutectic carbide morphology of thus produced products were observed and analyzed, and the comparison of those with conventional products was carried out. The effects of the processing parameters such as the melting temperature, the pouring temperature, rolling speed and separating force on the microstructure and eutectic carbide morphology and their distribution were analyzed. The spheroidizing process of the strips in the annealing process was investigated. The relations between the growth and spheroidizing of the eutectic carbide and the annealing technology were obtained, and the mechanism of the twin roll strip casting process improving the eutectic carbide spheroidizing was discussed. The theoretical instruction for determining the subsequent treatment process was provided.展开更多
Due to its high hardness,good red hardness and excellent wear resistance at high temperature,high speed steel(HSS)is fit for the roll manufacture.In order to overcome the segregation of centrifugal casting of HSS roll...Due to its high hardness,good red hardness and excellent wear resistance at high temperature,high speed steel(HSS)is fit for the roll manufacture.In order to overcome the segregation of centrifugal casting of HSS roll,die-cast processes were developed and its effects on the properties of the HSS roll were investigated.It was found that pressure,pressing time and speed are three important factors affecting shrinkage cavity.For pouring temperature of 1 400-1 450 ℃,pressure of 150-160 MPa,pressing time of 120-150 sand pressing speed of 14-16mm/s,a compact HSS roll was obtained,which has no segregation and small working allowance.In the high speed wire rod rolling mill,service life of the HSS roll is 5to 8times longer than that of high nickel chromium infinite chilled cast iron roll.展开更多
The present study aims at developing high speed steel (HSS) as roll materialsto replace traditional roll materials such as the alloy cast iron and powder metallurgical (PM)hard alloy, because low-cost alloy cast iron ...The present study aims at developing high speed steel (HSS) as roll materialsto replace traditional roll materials such as the alloy cast iron and powder metallurgical (PM)hard alloy, because low-cost alloy cast iron rolls have poor wear resistance and the cost ofhigh-quality PM hard alloy rolls is too high to be accepted by some users. By means of a centrifugalcasting method, HSS rolls with excellent wear resistance have been developed. Its hardness is 65-67 HRC, and its variation is smaller than 2HRC; its impact toughness excels 15J/cm^2. Usingpre-finishing stands of a high-speed hot wire-rod rolling mill, the wear rate of HSS rolls per onethousand ton of steel is 0. 25mm. However, the manufacturing burden of HSS rolls is obviously lowerthan that of PM hard alloy rolls; it is only 30% of that of PM hard alloy rolls.展开更多
The effect of external magnetic field on the solidification structure and impact toughness of high-speed steel(HSS)produced by electromagnetic centrifugal casting(EMCC)have been investigated.It was found that the soli...The effect of external magnetic field on the solidification structure and impact toughness of high-speed steel(HSS)produced by electromagnetic centrifugal casting(EMCC)have been investigated.It was found that the solidification structure could be improved effectively by electromagnetic stirring,which was characterized by elimination of the inclined columnar dendrites and refinement of the grain size.The results may be related to the changes of the fluid layers of liquid-solid phase interface.Moreover,the impact toughness of the test steel increased with the exciting current increasing from 12 to 18 A,but decreased when the current was above 18 A.SEM analysis showed that impact fracture surface was dimple fracture due to effect of the refined equiaxed grains when the current was 18 A,which was considered an important reason for the improvement of impact toughness.展开更多
A high speed steel composite roll billet was fabricated, which is regular in shape, smooth in surface, slight in trace, compact in internal structure, free of slag inclusion, shrinkage cavity, cracks and other flaws, ...A high speed steel composite roll billet was fabricated, which is regular in shape, smooth in surface, slight in trace, compact in internal structure, free of slag inclusion, shrinkage cavity, cracks and other flaws, and good in macro quality of junction surface using a vertical continuous casting machine. The interface zone microstructure of bimetallic in billet of high speed steel composite roll was analyzed by metallurgical microscope(OM), X-ray diffractmeter(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis(EDS). The results indicate that the microstructure of roll billet is composed of chilled solidified layer, dendrite zone, interfacial zone of bimetal and core material zone. The microstructure of outer shell material is composed of martensite + bainite + residual austenite + some small labyrinth-shape, small-short lath-shape, or dollop-shape eutectic carbides. The microstructure of core material is slice-shape pearlite and a little ferrite along boundary of cells. The interface region microstructure of bimetallic composite roll consists of diffusion region, chilled solidified layer and columnar grain region.展开更多
High speed steel has been widely used in various fields due to their excellent red hardness and good wear resistance. However, the influence of mischmetal (Ce-La) on the as-cast microstructures and mechanical proper...High speed steel has been widely used in various fields due to their excellent red hardness and good wear resistance. However, the influence of mischmetal (Ce-La) on the as-cast microstructures and mechanical properties of high speed steel has rarely been reported. Thus, the microstructure and mechanical properties of M2 high speed steel with addition of mischmetal (Ce-La) were investigated. The morphology and distribution of the eutectic carbides of the steel were observed by using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the impact toughness and bending strength were tested. The results show that adding mischmetal has an obvious effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of M2 high speed steel. The coarse eutectic structure is refined, the weak connection of the carbide networks is broken and the flake carbides become short and fine. More networks of eutectic carbides dissolve into the matrix. When a suitable adding content of mischmetal is selected, for example, 0.3 mass%, the impact strength and bending strength can increase by 27% and 10.76% compared with that without misehmetal, respectively.展开更多
The centrifugal casting of compound HSS/nodular cast iron roll collar was studied, and the factors affecting transition zone quality were analyzed. The pouring temperature and interval in pouring are the main factors ...The centrifugal casting of compound HSS/nodular cast iron roll collar was studied, and the factors affecting transition zone quality were analyzed. The pouring temperature and interval in pouring are the main factors affecting transition zone quality. By controlling process parameter and flux adding during casting, high quality roll collar was obtained. The cause, why in the casting of HSS part, segregation appears easily, was analyzed and the countermeasure eliminating segregation was put forward, the measure eliminating heat treatment crackling was also put forward.展开更多
The influence of mischmetal (Ce-La) addition on phase transformation and as-cast microstructure characteristics of M2 high-speed steel (HSS) was investigated using Thermo-Calc software, differential scanning calor...The influence of mischmetal (Ce-La) addition on phase transformation and as-cast microstructure characteristics of M2 high-speed steel (HSS) was investigated using Thermo-Calc software, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry. The results showed that the measured phase transition points of M2 HSS were broadly consistent with the theoretical results. After mischmetal addition, the liquidus peak temperature, the peak temperature of the eutectic precipitation of M6C and MC were all increased, especially for the M6C which was affected significantly and increased about 31 °C. The contents of Mo and V in the eutectic carbide decreased and that of Fe increased, while in the matrix, the Mo, V and Cr contents all increased slightly. Furthermore, the microstructure of as-cast dendrite and ledeburite were refined, the total eutectic carbide content decreased and distributed into a discontinuous network, the lamellar spacing of M2C was reduced and the lamellae became thinner.展开更多
文摘High speed steel (HSS) rolls can replace traditional rolls such as alloyed cast iron rolls and powder metallurgical (PM) hard alloy rolls. The main reasons for the replacement are that the wear resistance of low-cost alloyed cast iron rolls is poor and the cost of high-quality PM hard alloy rolls is very high. By means of centrifugal casting, HSS rolls having excellent wear resistance have been manufactured. The hardness of the HSS roll is 6.5~67 HRC, the range of variation is smaller than 2 HRC and its impact toughness is 15 J/cm^2. The wear rate of HSS rolls used in the pre-finishing stands of high-speed hot wire-rod rolling mill reaches 2.5×10^(-4)mm per ton steel. Furthermore, the manufacturing cost of HSS rolls is significantly lower than that of PM hard alloy rolls; it is only 30 percent of that of PM hard alloy rolls.
文摘The present study aims at developing the high speed steel (HSS) as rollmaterials to replace the traditional roll materials such as the alloy cast iron and powdermetallurgical (PM) hard alloy. The HSS roll billet was formed by centrifugal casting, and the billetwas rough machined alter soften annealing heat treatment, then it was quenched and tempered to getsuitable hardness and toughness. After that the HSS roll was finish machined to the final dimensionof phi 285 mm in the outer diameter, phi 160 mm in the inner diameter and 120 mm in width and itssurface hardness was tested. Finally the HSS roll was used in high speed wire rod mill. The testresults show that a high and homogeneous hardness can obtain on the work surface of HSS rolls, thesurface hardness is 63-65HRC and its variation is smaller than 2HRC. The impact toughness of thiskind of HSS is about 16 J/cm^2. The results of on-line service investigation in high speed wire rodmill indicate that the HSS rolls have excellent wear resistance, the steel rolling quantity per mmof HSS rolls is 3120 t, the service life-span of HSS rolls is 4 times longer than that of highchromium cast iron rolls and it is close to that of the PM hard alloy rolls. The manufacturingburden of HSS rolls is obviously lower than that of the PM hard alloy rolls, it is only 25 percentof that of the PM hard alloy rolls.
基金supported by the special fund for basic scientifi c research of central colleges,Chang’an University (CHD2010JC015)the innovation fund of small and medium-sized enterprise of Science & Technology Ministry of China under grant no. 10C26213201139Beijing Education Committee patent outcome conversion item
文摘The as-cast microstructures of high carbon high speed steels (HC-HSS) made by sand casting, centrifugal casting and electromagnetic centrifugal casting, respectively, were studied by using of optical microscopy (OM) and D/max2200pc X-ray diffraction. The results show that the microstructure of as-cast HC- HSS is dominated by alloy carbides (W2C, VC, Cr7C3), martensite and austenite. The centrifugal casting and electromagnetic centrifugal casting apparently improve the solidification structure of HCoHSS. With the increase of magnetic intensity (B), the volume fraction of austenite in the HC-HSS solidification structure increases significantly while the eutectic ledeburite decreases. Moreover, the secondary carbides precipitated from the austenite are finer with more homogeneous distribution in the electromagnetic centrifugal castings. It has also been found that the lath of eutectic carbide in ledeburite becomes finer and carbide phase spacing in eutectic ledeburite increases along with the higher magnetic field strength.
文摘The centrifugal casting of compound HSS/nodular cast iron roll collar was studied,and the factors affecting transition zone quality were analyzed.The pouring temperature and interval in pouring are the main factors affecting transition zone quality.By controlling process parameter and flux adding during casting,high quality roll collar was obtained.The cause,why in the casting of HSS part,segregation appears easily,was analyzed and the countermeasure eliminating segregation was put forward,the measure eliminating heat treatment crackling was also put forward.
基金supported by the Fund Project for Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BA2010139)
文摘The present work investigated the solidification microstructure of AISI M2 high speed steel manufactured by different casting technologies, namely iron mould casting and continuous casting. The results revealed that the as-cast structure of the steel was composed of the iron matrix and the M2C eutectic carbide networks, which were greatly refined in the ingot made by continuous casting process, compared with that by the iron mould casting process. M2C eutectic carbides presented variation in their morphologies and growth characteristics in the ingots by both casting methods. In the ingot by iron mould casting, they have a plate-like morphology and grow anisotropically. However, in the ingot made by continuous casting, the carbides evolved into the fiber-like shape that exhibited little characteristics of anisotropic growth. It was noticed that the fiber-like M2C was much easier to decompose and spheroidize after heated, as a result, the carbides refined remarkably, compared with the case of plate-like carbides in the iron mould casting ingot.
基金supported by both the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the contract No.59995440the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province under the contract No.2001101021
文摘The M2 high-speed steel strip was produced by using the laboratory scale twin roll strip caster. The microstructure and eutectic carbide morphology of thus produced products were observed and analyzed, and the comparison of those with conventional products was carried out. The effects of the processing parameters such as the melting temperature, the pouring temperature, rolling speed and separating force on the microstructure and eutectic carbide morphology and their distribution were analyzed. The spheroidizing process of the strips in the annealing process was investigated. The relations between the growth and spheroidizing of the eutectic carbide and the annealing technology were obtained, and the mechanism of the twin roll strip casting process improving the eutectic carbide spheroidizing was discussed. The theoretical instruction for determining the subsequent treatment process was provided.
基金Item Sponsored by Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Henan of China(2003460001)University Young Backbone Teacher Fund of Henan ProvinceTackle-Key-Program of Science and Technology Committee of Henan Province(0424260002)
文摘Due to its high hardness,good red hardness and excellent wear resistance at high temperature,high speed steel(HSS)is fit for the roll manufacture.In order to overcome the segregation of centrifugal casting of HSS roll,die-cast processes were developed and its effects on the properties of the HSS roll were investigated.It was found that pressure,pressing time and speed are three important factors affecting shrinkage cavity.For pouring temperature of 1 400-1 450 ℃,pressure of 150-160 MPa,pressing time of 120-150 sand pressing speed of 14-16mm/s,a compact HSS roll was obtained,which has no segregation and small working allowance.In the high speed wire rod rolling mill,service life of the HSS roll is 5to 8times longer than that of high nickel chromium infinite chilled cast iron roll.
文摘The present study aims at developing high speed steel (HSS) as roll materialsto replace traditional roll materials such as the alloy cast iron and powder metallurgical (PM)hard alloy, because low-cost alloy cast iron rolls have poor wear resistance and the cost ofhigh-quality PM hard alloy rolls is too high to be accepted by some users. By means of a centrifugalcasting method, HSS rolls with excellent wear resistance have been developed. Its hardness is 65-67 HRC, and its variation is smaller than 2HRC; its impact toughness excels 15J/cm^2. Usingpre-finishing stands of a high-speed hot wire-rod rolling mill, the wear rate of HSS rolls per onethousand ton of steel is 0. 25mm. However, the manufacturing burden of HSS rolls is obviously lowerthan that of PM hard alloy rolls; it is only 30% of that of PM hard alloy rolls.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51071136)
文摘The effect of external magnetic field on the solidification structure and impact toughness of high-speed steel(HSS)produced by electromagnetic centrifugal casting(EMCC)have been investigated.It was found that the solidification structure could be improved effectively by electromagnetic stirring,which was characterized by elimination of the inclined columnar dendrites and refinement of the grain size.The results may be related to the changes of the fluid layers of liquid-solid phase interface.Moreover,the impact toughness of the test steel increased with the exciting current increasing from 12 to 18 A,but decreased when the current was above 18 A.SEM analysis showed that impact fracture surface was dimple fracture due to effect of the refined equiaxed grains when the current was 18 A,which was considered an important reason for the improvement of impact toughness.
基金Project(200809123) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A high speed steel composite roll billet was fabricated, which is regular in shape, smooth in surface, slight in trace, compact in internal structure, free of slag inclusion, shrinkage cavity, cracks and other flaws, and good in macro quality of junction surface using a vertical continuous casting machine. The interface zone microstructure of bimetallic in billet of high speed steel composite roll was analyzed by metallurgical microscope(OM), X-ray diffractmeter(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis(EDS). The results indicate that the microstructure of roll billet is composed of chilled solidified layer, dendrite zone, interfacial zone of bimetal and core material zone. The microstructure of outer shell material is composed of martensite + bainite + residual austenite + some small labyrinth-shape, small-short lath-shape, or dollop-shape eutectic carbides. The microstructure of core material is slice-shape pearlite and a little ferrite along boundary of cells. The interface region microstructure of bimetallic composite roll consists of diffusion region, chilled solidified layer and columnar grain region.
基金Item Sponsored by Key Project of National Research Program of China(2011BAC10B04)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51201075)
文摘High speed steel has been widely used in various fields due to their excellent red hardness and good wear resistance. However, the influence of mischmetal (Ce-La) on the as-cast microstructures and mechanical properties of high speed steel has rarely been reported. Thus, the microstructure and mechanical properties of M2 high speed steel with addition of mischmetal (Ce-La) were investigated. The morphology and distribution of the eutectic carbides of the steel were observed by using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the impact toughness and bending strength were tested. The results show that adding mischmetal has an obvious effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of M2 high speed steel. The coarse eutectic structure is refined, the weak connection of the carbide networks is broken and the flake carbides become short and fine. More networks of eutectic carbides dissolve into the matrix. When a suitable adding content of mischmetal is selected, for example, 0.3 mass%, the impact strength and bending strength can increase by 27% and 10.76% compared with that without misehmetal, respectively.
基金Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation(59874024)
文摘The centrifugal casting of compound HSS/nodular cast iron roll collar was studied, and the factors affecting transition zone quality were analyzed. The pouring temperature and interval in pouring are the main factors affecting transition zone quality. By controlling process parameter and flux adding during casting, high quality roll collar was obtained. The cause, why in the casting of HSS part, segregation appears easily, was analyzed and the countermeasure eliminating segregation was put forward, the measure eliminating heat treatment crackling was also put forward.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51171161,51101137)the Major Projects of the State Nuclear Power(2011ZX06004-016)Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars in Hebei Province(E2011203131)
文摘The influence of mischmetal (Ce-La) addition on phase transformation and as-cast microstructure characteristics of M2 high-speed steel (HSS) was investigated using Thermo-Calc software, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry. The results showed that the measured phase transition points of M2 HSS were broadly consistent with the theoretical results. After mischmetal addition, the liquidus peak temperature, the peak temperature of the eutectic precipitation of M6C and MC were all increased, especially for the M6C which was affected significantly and increased about 31 °C. The contents of Mo and V in the eutectic carbide decreased and that of Fe increased, while in the matrix, the Mo, V and Cr contents all increased slightly. Furthermore, the microstructure of as-cast dendrite and ledeburite were refined, the total eutectic carbide content decreased and distributed into a discontinuous network, the lamellar spacing of M2C was reduced and the lamellae became thinner.