Visual impairment with possible macular changes after a high dose of sildenafil in a healthy young woman

Dear Editor,Sildenafil citrate（Viagra;Pfizer Pharmaceuticals,New York,NY,USA）,a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5（PDE-5）,is widely used for erectile dysfunction.Its clinical recommended dosage is 25 to 100 mg per day.

CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTIFOCAL ELECTRORETINOGRAM IN THE FELLOW EYES OF PATIENTS WITH HIGH MYOPIA WITH RETINAL DETACHMENT

Objective To observe the changes on multifocal electroretinography （MfERG） in the fellow eyes of patients with high myopia without fundus lesions and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment （RRD）. Methods MfERG was performed in 66 patients （ 66 eyes） which were grouped into ： emmetropes （ n = 22 ） as the control eye ; high myopes without fundus lesions （ corrected visual acuity ≥ 1. 0, n = 15 ） ; and fellow eyes of high myopics with RRD （n = 29 ）. The first-order kernels N1, P1, N2 response density and latency were analyzed. Results When compared with the emmetropes group, the high myopes group had significantly reduced N1 , PI , and N2 wave response densities in rings 1 to 6 （ P 〈 0. 05 ）, delayed N1 wave latency in rings 3 to 6, and P1 wave latency in rings 3 to 5 （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The fellow eyes group had significantly reduced N1, P1, and N2 wave response densities in rings 1 to 6 and significantly delayed N1 and P1 wave latencies in rings 3 to 6 （ P 〈0. 05） compared with the emmetropes group. Compared with the high myopes group, P1 wave response densities in rings 1 to 6, N1 wave response densities in rings 1,3, 4, and 6, and N2 wave response density in ring 1 were significantly decreased in the fellow eyes group （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; whereas there were no significant differences in latencies between the two groups （P 〉0.05）. Conclusion MfERG can sensitively assess the early changes in visual function in fellow eyes in patients with RRD.

Experimental Observations of Cavitating Flows Around a Hydrofoil

The cavitation around a hydrofoil is studied experimentally to shed light on the muhiphase fluid dynamics. Different cavitation regimes are studied by using high speed visualization and particle image veloeimetry（PIV）. As decreasing the cavitation number, four cavitating flow regimes are observed： incipient cavitation, sheet cavitation, cloud cavitation, and supercavitation. From the incipient cavitation to the cloud cavitation, bubbles become more and more. Phenomena with large-scale vortex structure and rear re-entrant jet associated with the cloud cavitation, and subsequent development in the supercavitation are described. The velocity in the cavitation regions in the different cavitation conditions is low compared to that of the free stream. The large velocity gradient is also observed in the cavitating flow region near the surface of the hydrofoil.

Educational Assistance Through Modeling in Tsukuba University of Technology-Professional Education for the Hearing or Visually Impaired

The National University Corporation Tsukuba University of Technology（NTUT） is the only institute of higher education for the hearing and the visually impaired in Japan. In our university, hearing or visually impaired students are studying to be technicians after they graduate, toward social independence. From previous experience of higher education for students with disabilities, effects are increased when modeling is used by the teachers involved in professional education. In the Mechanical Engineering Course, we are using modeling, to match the drawing and shape for beginning students. It includes support for enhancing one＇s view, and how to draw out the ability of mechanical engineering students for the basics. For students to study Mechanical Design and Drawing, Modeling of Gear Pump, Jack and Globe Valve are easily shown through drawings and the operation of each mechanism through sample drawings in the textbook. It is possible to make an opportunity to think about the machine mechanism. It will be shown by students＇ works. The assembling of the model triggers the need for form accuracy by making a function, and improves the quality of learning. It is possible that a three-dimensional molding machine can be produced through experiential learning by the model, and modeling with the dimension numerical data. Moreover, it is also embodied in a three-dimensional modeling which results in the image processing programming created. Confirming the improvement of the program through the shape with the quality. In the Department of Synthetic Design, students have chances to realize and self-evaluate from the design of the lamp shade with a complicated shape. In the Faculty of Health Science from Department of Health, high quality teaching of visually-impaired students through the use of bone model teaching materials has become possible in the medical-related courses.

Identifying the skeptics and the undecided through visual cluster analysis of local network geometry

By skeptics and undecided we refer to nodes in clustered social networks that cannot be assigned easily to any of the clusters.Such nodes are typically found either at the interface between clusters(the undecided)or at their boundaries(the skeptics).Identifying these nodes is relevant in marketing applications like voter targeting,because the persons represented by such nodes are often more likely to be affected in marketing campaigns than nodes deeply within clusters.So far this identification task is not as well studied as other network analysis tasks like clustering,identifying central nodes,and detecting motifs.We approach this task by deriving novel geometric features from the network structure that naturally lend themselves to an interactive visual approach for identifying interface and boundary nodes.

Geo-Coordinated Parallel Coordinates (GCPC): Field trial studies of environmental data analysis

The large number of environmental problems faced by society in recent years has driven researchers to collect and study massive amounts of data in order to understand the complex relations that exist between people and the environment in which we live.Such datasets are often high dimensional and heterogeneous in nature,with complex geospatial relations.Analysing such data can be challenging,especially when there is a need to maintain spatial awareness as the non-spatial attributes are studied.Geo-Coordinated Parallel Coordinates(GCPC)is a geovisual analytics approach designed to support exploration and analysis within complex geospatial environmental data.Parallel coordinates are tightly coupled with a geospatial representation and an investigative scatterplot,all of which can be used to show,reorganize,filter,and highlight the high dimensional,heterogeneous,and geospatial aspects of the data.Two sets of field trials were conducted with expert data analysts to validate the real-world benefits of the approach for studying environmental data.The results of these evaluations were positive,providing real-world evidence and new insights regarding the value of using GCPC to explore among environmental datasets when there is a need to remain aware of the geospatial aspects of the data as the non-spatial elements are studied.