Spatial pattern recognition for near-surface high temperature increases in mountain areas using MODIS and SRTM DEM

Abrupt near-surface temperature changes in mountainous areas are a special component of the mountain climate system.Fast and accurate measurements of the locations,intensity,and width of the near-surface changes are necessary but highly difficult due to the complicated environmental conditions and instrumental issues.This paper develops a spatial pattern recognition method to measure the near-surface high temperature increase(NSHTI),one of the lesser-attended changes.First,raster window measurement was proposed to calculate the temperature lapse rate using MODIS land surface temperature and SRTM DEM data.It fully considers the terrain heights of two neighboring cells on opposite or adjacent slopes with a moving window of 3×3 cell size.Second,a threshold selection was performed to identify the NSHTI cells using a threshold of-0.65℃/100 m.Then,the NSHTI strips were parameterized through raster vectorization and spatial analysis.Taking Yunnan,a mountainous province in southwestern China,as the study area,the results indicate that the NSHTI cells concentrate in a strip-like pattern along the mountains and valleys,and the strips are almost parallel to the altitude contours with a slight northward uplift.Also,they are located mostly at a 3/5 height of high mountains or within 400 m from the valley floors,where the controlling topographic index is the altitude of the terrain trend surface but not the absolute elevation and the topographic uplift height and cutting depth.Additionally,the NSHTI intensity varies with the geographic locations and the proportions increase with an exponential trend,and the horizontal width has a mean of about 1000 m and a maximum of over 5000 m.The result demonstrates that the proposed method can effectively recognize NSHTI boundaries over mountains,providing support for the modeling of weather and climate systems and the development of mountain resources.

Performance evaluation of CLM5.0 in simulating liquid soil water in high mountainous area,Northwest China

The model performance in simulating soil water content(SWC) is crucial for successfully modeling earth’s system,especially in high mountainous areas.In this study,the performance of Community Land Model 5.0(CLM5.0) in simulating liquid SWC was evaluated against observations from nine in-situ sites in the upper reach of the Heihe River Watershed(HRW),Northwest China.The CLM5.0 shows reliable performance in the study area with correlation coefficients(R) ranging between 0.79–0.93,root mean standard errors(RMSE)ranging between 0.044–0.097 m^(3)/m^(3),and the mean bias(BIAS) ranging between-0.084–0.061 m^(3)/m^(3).The slightly worse performance of CLM5.0 than CLM4.5 on alpine meadow and grassland is mainly caused by the revised canopy interception parameterization.The CLM5.0 overestimates interception and underestimates evapotranspiration(ET) on both alpine meadow and grassland during the growth period.The systematical overestimations at all the grassland sites indicate that the underestimation of ET is much larger than the overestimation of interception on grassland during growth period,while the errors of simulated interception and ET are partially canceled out on alpine meadow.Moreover,the underestimation of ET is more responsible for the overestimation of SWC than the overestimation of interception in the high mountainous area.It is necessary to estimate reasonable empirical parameter α(proportion of leaf water collection area) in interception parameterization scheme and further improve the dry surface layerbased soil evaporation resistance parameterization introduced in CLM5.0 in future researches.The performance of CLM5.0 is better under completely frozen stage than thawing stage and freezing stage,because of low variations of liquid SWC caused by extremely low hydraulic conductivity of soils.The underestimation of liquid SWC under frozen state is caused by underestimation of soil temperature,which leads to more ice mass and less liquid water in total water content.

A STUDY ON THE ECOLOGICAL CLIMATES OF SOME FAMOUS TEA GROWING AREAS IN HIGH MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS OF CHINA

The tea tree [Camellia sinensis (L) Kuntze] is one of the world’s economic crops. It is an especially important crop for southern China. Environmental factors related to the tea yield and quality in some high mountain areas of China are identified in this paper. These factors are: geology, topography, climate, hydrology, soil and vegetation. Climatological factors are the most important. Using data collected from meteorological stations which are situated at the summit and the base of high mountains, this paper discusses ecological climatic problems in growing tea in China. The ecological climatic characteristics of the famous tea areas mainly included are as follows: more . amounts of clouds and fog, less percentage of sunshine, abundant rainfall and high relative humidity in the air, temperatures that rise and fall slowly, daily and annual temperature ranges that are smaller, more days that are suitable for tea growing and low wind speeds in the lee-sides and valleys of mountains. All of these

Industrial Poverty Alleviation Model in Southwestern High-altitude Mountainous Areas of China——A Case Study of Industrial Poverty Alleviation of Xueshan Township in Luquan County of Yunnan Province through Planting Codonopsis pilosula

Due to the severe restrictions of natural conditions and ecological environment,high-altitude mountainous areas usually become the " hard bones" in the battle against poverty. Xueshan Township,Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County of Yunnan Province,located in the alpine valley of Jinsha River,is a major township with wide and deep poverty,and the incidence of poverty is up to 45. 00%. In recent years,Xueshan Township has insisted on the battle against poverty,made effort to develop the Codonopsis pilosula industry,and successfully developed a road to poverty alleviation through C. pilosula industry,and formed a unique industrial poverty alleviation model by the end of 2018,the incidence of poverty dropped to 0. 74%. Based on field survey and interview,this paper analyzes and summarizes the specific practices,main results,practical experience and promotion and application measures of the poverty alleviation model of C. pilosula planting industry in Xueshan Township,in the hope of providing certain reference for the targeted poverty alleviation in similar areas in Yunnan Province and other provinces of China.

Settlement Control Technology of High Filled Soil-Rock Embankment in Alpine and High-Altitude Areas

China's infrastructure has gradually achieved large-scale development,and transportation construction has also shifted from east to west,transitioning from plains to mountainous areas.High-fill embankments of different sizes in mountainous areas are unavoidable,and the settlement of high-fill embankments is usually the most concerned issue in high-fill projects.According to the current research of highway projects,most of the high embankments in mountainous areas are soil-rock mixed embankments or rock-filled embankments,and their post-construction settlements are directly related to construction technology and the type of filler used.In this paper,the problems in the settlement control of earth-filled embankment and related factors are analyzed in detail.The settlement control technology of high-fill embankment in high-cold and high-altitude areas is also discussed,so as to ensure the overall quality of high-fill embankment.

An analysis of oasis stability in arid areas:a case study in the northern slope areas of the Tianshan Mountains

This paper discusses oasis stability at regional scale with a case study in the northern slope areas of the Tianshan Mountains (NSTM). The results showed certain significant aspects. (1) As long as water resources in the oasis keep stable and their utilization efficiency can be maintained or gradually increased, the primary productivity could be continuously increased and the natural primary productivity keeped relatively stable. In this case, it is considered that the oasis is stable and its sustainable development can be achieved at regional scale. (2) Considering the availability of water resources in the oases, the oases on the alluvial-diluvial fans are highly stable. In the alluvial plain downstream of the groundwater overflowing zones the oases are moderately stable and in the lacustrine deltas or dry lacustrine deltas the oases are lowly stable. (3) Enlargement of oases and the increase of water resources and vegetation coverage in the oasis will certainly enhance the 'cold-island effect' of the oasis and increase the stability of oases.

沂蒙山区既有农房附加阳光间设计优化策略与效益分析

农房中建造的附加阳光间以其建造方便、经济实用、效果明显而深受农民喜爱,尤其是寒冷地区,附加阳光间后可显著提升农房冬季室内热环境,降低冬季采暖能耗,减少冬季燃煤量;同时,夏季附加阳光间后的农房室内温度也会有所提升,造成夏季室内过热、舒适度降低、制冷能耗增加。针对此问题,通过DesignBuilder能耗模拟软件对沂蒙山区典型既有改造后农房附加阳光间的主屋进行能耗及自然室温模拟,结果显示其在冬季能显著提高室内温度并降低采暖能耗,但也存在明显的问题,即夏季室内过热且能耗较高,对此,提出针对性的附加阳光间优化策略并进行模拟验证,分析其经济及环境效益。

高海拔多山地区架空输电线路高密点云数据获取方法研究及应用

为解决高海拔多山地区有人直升机、复合翼无人机作业相对航高较高、易受侧风影响、点云稀疏的痛点,本文提出了一种“仿塔飞行”架空输电线路三维激光扫描点云数据获取方法,优化了传统的“仿地飞行”方式,对西藏藏中联网某500 kV超高压架空输电线路进行了点云数据获取,经数据处理及分析,点云数据体素密度大,空间位置精度高。试验结果表明,大载重多旋翼无人机在高海拔多山地区进行“仿塔飞行”作业,在降低作业风险的同时,所获取的点云数据密度高、噪声小,且金具和导线微部特征明显;同时,该方法具有机动性高、稳定性强、作业风险低的优势,为架空输电线路精细化自主巡检及国家电网智慧化应用提供了支撑。

东昆仑库木库里盆地典型湖泊水量蒸发损失估算

湖泊水量蒸发损失估算对于应对干旱区水资源短缺及湖泊生态环境保护具有重要意义。计算分析了过去20 a东昆仑库木库里盆地典型湖泊实际蒸散发(ET)的时空变化特征,并基于经验公式估算了湖泊蒸发损失水量,同时利用随机森林模型,识别了影响湖泊水量蒸发损失变化的潜在因子。研究发现:(1)2001-2020年东昆仑库木库里盆地的阿牙克库木湖、阿其克库勒湖和鲸鱼湖的年ET整体呈现先增加后减少又缓慢增加的波动下降趋势,波峰和波谷均分别出现在2004年和2012年左右,空间上表现为ET整体下降而湖泊边缘呈上升趋势。(2)3个典型湖泊的ET在年内呈倒U形变化,其中阿牙克库木湖的ET在6月达到峰值,其他2个湖泊的ET均在7月达到峰值。(3)2001-2020年3个典型湖泊的蒸发水量均呈不显著的增加趋势,其中阿牙克库木湖的蒸发水量最高,平均约为10.33×10^(8)m^(3)·a^(-1),阿其克库勒湖的蒸发水量次之(4.54×10^(8)m^(3)·a^(-1)),鲸鱼湖的蒸发水量最低(3.33×10^(8)m^(3)·a^(-1))。(4)结合随机森林模型分析显示,湖泊面积是影响湖泊蒸发水量的重要因素,经向风速、最高气温和降水的增加等因素也是驱动蒸发变化的重要原因,累计贡献率超过45%。

甘肃中部旱台田地10个饲用玉米品种生产性能及营养品质研究

试验为选出甘肃中部旱台田地适应性强的饲用玉米品种,2022年在甘肃中部旱台田地代表的榆中县引进了10个饲用玉米品种进行筛选试验。试验以主栽品种陇单4号为对照(CK),对引进的9个饲用玉米品种进行了比较试验,对饲用玉米农艺性状、草产量和营养物质进行了测定分析。结果显示,10个饲用玉米品种在甘中部旱台田地春播,均能够适期收获。2022年浩育2号和陇单4号(CK)全年折合鲜草产量较高,分别为40305.36和36638.33 kg/hm^(2),折合干草产量分别为13432.48和11652.11 kg/hm^(2)。10个饲用玉米供试品种中,先玉1483的酸性洗涤纤维含量最低,达到了国家一级青贮玉米标准,但产量过低。研究表明,浩育2号在甘中部旱台田地适应能力最强,产量最高,营养品质较好,达到国家二级青贮玉米标准,是具有推广潜力的饲用玉米品种。

“两个先行”目标下浙江农业机械化发展对策研究

农业机械化是推进“两个先行”建设的重要支撑。浙江省作为典型丘陵山区,低缓丘陵山区占比70%以上,地理位置和资源制约以及老龄化加深的影响下,决定浙江省“机器换人”高质量发展的必然趋势。以浙江省农业机械化综合评价指标体系统计分析数据为基础,结合浙江省农业机械化发展现状调研,深入分析浙江省农业机械化区域间产业间发展不均衡、产业发展环节装备应用瓶颈、科技装备强农基础、农业机械化效益支撑等方面存在的问题及原因,并提出从开展顶层设计、完善推广体系、健全服务体系、着力推进创新、强化人才建设、加强行业引导等方面提高农业机械化发展水平、促进浙江省“两个先行”建设的对策建议。

云桂铁路总体设计及技术创新

云桂铁路为中国“八纵八横”高速铁路主通道之一“广昆通道”的组成部分,路网地位突出。根据该项目的功能定位及项目特点,结合地形地质条件、城市规划、环境敏感点、工程安全以及投资合理性等方面,分析确定合理的枢纽引入、线路走向以及重点桥梁、隧道工程方案。项目设计过程中以“系统最优、风险可控”为核心思想,开展了科技攻关和工程实践工作,取得了系列技术创新成果,具有针对性、实用性和理论性,对复杂艰险山区高速铁路建设具有重要指导意义。

山地农村如何发展高质量休闲农业经济?——基于系统工程思想的贵州M村案例分析

发展高质量休闲农业经济能够持续推进山地农村一二三产业融合,是全面推进乡村振兴与调整农业结构的有效途径之一。本文运用案例研究方法,基于系统工程思想,遵循“要素—结构—功能”的脉络,对山地农村发展高质量休闲农业经济进行了系统分析。研究发现:一是以顶层设计要素为基础支撑,合理布局休闲农业经济空间结构,实现休闲农业经济有效供给增长;二是以科学管理要素为发展手段,平衡充分休闲农业经济组织结构,促进休闲农业经济持续稳定发展;三是以自主创新要素为重要抓手,优化升级休闲农业经济产业结构,推动休闲农业经济绿色转型提升。基于此,建议从制定科学发展规划、构建网络管理平台、转变产业发展方式、培育新型职业农民和加强基层组织建设等方面着手,加快建设现代化休闲农业经济发展体系,纵向延伸产业链条,横向拓展产业功能,多向提升乡村价值。

大兴安岭寒温带森林演替过程中土壤碳氮磷含量及生态化学计量特征

通过研究森林演替过程中土壤碳氮磷含量的变化特征及其化学计量比,分析在0~200 cm土层中,不同演替阶段土壤有机碳氮磷含量的变化情况。选择黑龙江漠河森林生态系统国家级定位观测研究站森林演替过程中3个典型阶段的代表群落,即兴安落叶松林、落叶松-白桦混交林和白桦林为研究对象,分别对其碳氮磷含量分析。结果表明,在演替前期(白桦林)的土壤中,C含量范围为5.78~28.29 g/kg,N含量为0.243~1.232 g/kg,P含量为0.243~1.232 g/kg。演替中期(落叶松-白桦混交林)C含量为6.39~29.41g/kg,N含量为0.077~1.472 g/kg,P含量为0.41~1.374 g/kg。而在演替后期(兴安落叶松林)的土壤中,C含量范围为6.36~34.61g/kg,N含量范围为0.353~1.463 g/kg,P含量范围为0.353~1.463 g/kg。不同林型的土壤C、N、P化学计量比也存在差异。在0~90 cm土层中,前期的C∶N范围为4.15~11.13,后期为5.92~21.85,中期为5.58~23.24。在90~200 cm土层中,前期的C∶N范围为7.46~19.8,后期为4.56~13.09,中期为5.88~18.07。在50~200 cm土层中,前期的C∶P为4.02~9.11,后期为2.24~10.51,中期为3.32~10.76。在0~200 cm土层中,前期的N∶P范围为0.51~2.95,后期为0.28~1.61,中期为0.36~2.13。通过分析显示,森林演替过程中土壤碳氮磷含量及其化学计量比存在一定的变化规律,了解这些变化规律有助于更好地评估森林生态系统营养循环和土壤质量的变化,为森林管理和保护提供科学依据。

高地应力蚀变花岗岩隧道大变形特征及成因分析

西部山区某蚀变花岗岩隧道施工过程中,围岩大变形不同程度地造成喷射混凝土剥落、钢架扭曲变形、钢拱架断裂、初支变形侵限以及隧道内坍塌等。为揭示蚀变花岗岩隧道围岩大变形的孕育机理,通过岩石试验、监控量测、数值计算分析和地质综合分析等多种方法,对蚀变花岗岩隧道高地应力及大变形特征、影响因素进行探讨分析。蚀变花岗岩隧道工程区受构造影响强烈,蚀变特征显著,岩体结构疏松,蚀变花岗岩地层为大变形提供充足的物源条件。隧道现场监控量测显示发生大变形的蚀变花岗岩区段与地下水紧密相关,蚀变花岗岩中的伊蒙混石、绿泥石等亲水性矿物成分含量较高,遇水极易崩解,使得岩体抵抗变形的能力大幅降低。结合隧道地质条件和地应力测试,反演分析了隧道初始地应力场,发现蚀变花岗岩隧道以水平构造应力为主,隧道沿线多处于高地应力状态,为大变形的发生提供内动力地质条件。根据隧道开挖过程中发生的支护变形及监控量测分析,复杂地质条件对隧道设计的影响以及施工工艺与支护结构的质量是引起围岩大变形的重要主观因素。

高质量发展视角下黄河流域国土空间分区规划策略与实践——以济南市南部山区为例

从高质量发展视角切入,分析国土空间分区规划的发展历程及目标定位,针对国土空间要素多元化、空间协同化等特征,提出系统集成的规划理念,以及生态保护、文化复兴、产业提质、城乡友好“四位一体”的规划策略和切实可行的规划实施路径。以济南市南部山区国土空间分区规划为例,分析高质量发展背景下区域面临的瓶颈,指出编制南部山区国土空间分区规划的迫切性,并紧扣地域资源特征与存在问题,探索建立要素集成、融合高质量发展的规划策略,旨在对同类地区的规划工作有所启示。

西南山区高速铁路非正常情况下列车运行调整探讨

西南山区与平原地区的地域特点存在显著差异,高速铁路运输组织在装备上、组织上、要求上明显不同。通过分析西南山区高速铁路非正常情况下列车运行调整类型,按轻微事故及严重干扰事故类型进行模型构建。以成渝高速铁路列车运行调整为例,计算验证结果表明,该模型求解速度快,具有较高的求解质量,对西南山区高速铁路非正常情况下干扰列车运行的不同场景均有一定的适应性,为提高山区高速铁路运行的安全系数提供支撑。

大柴旦矿区生态环境影响要素变化特征

气象要素变化对矿区生态环境的影响极为重要,尤其是在我国青藏高原寒旱区,全面系统地了解历史气象要素变化特征对高寒矿区生态环境保护具有指导作用。本研究首先基于青藏高原大柴旦矿区1956-2022年的逐月降水、气温、蒸发数据,采用线性倾向估计法、集合经验模态分解(EEMD)、Morlet小波变换等方法对大柴旦地区的降水、气温、蒸发等气象要素的变化趋势进行了全面分析研究;然后选取三期空间分辨率为30 m的Landsat卫星数据,从卫星图像中计算了归一化差异植被指数(I_(NDV))。结果表明:大柴旦矿区气候呈现暖湿化态势,在此因素驱动下,降水量呈现轻微增加趋势,气温呈现明显增高趋势,蒸发量呈明显减小趋势;降水量和气温序列没有突变点,而蒸发量在1979年存在突变,在1956-1979年蒸发量缓慢增加,在1979-2022年缓慢减小;降水量在2000-2016年具有显著12个月的震荡周期,气温和蒸发量在整个时间尺度上都具有12个月的震荡周期;植被多集中分布在水体附近,研究区内整体呈现覆盖增加、生长活动增强趋势。预测大柴旦矿区未来几年降水量仍处于增加状态,温度处于增高阶段,年蒸发量将处于偏少期,植被生长活动整体呈增强趋势。

西安至十堰高速铁路环保选线研究

西安至十堰高速铁路西安至商洛段穿越秦岭高中山区,郧西至十堰段跨越汉江,具有沿线地形起伏大、地质条件复杂、环境敏感区域密集、生物多样性丰富、水环境保护要求严格等特点,保护秦岭及汉江流域的生态环境成为西十高铁建设中需要考虑的重要因素。通过采取GIS+BIM的技术手段,制作区域环境敏感区图层,搭建多维度区域生态保护目标空间分布及管控范围的环保选线平台,结合工程技术条件开展各方案的环境可行性及环境影响程度的综合比选,从而得出对环境影响最小的线路方案,为设计选线及控制工程方案决策提供有力支撑。研究结果表明,通过先期开展敏感区路段环境影响专题论证,可进一步优化工程选线及工程形式,保障项目依法合规。

云南高山辣椒高效栽培技术规程

辣椒产业是云南的优势农业产业,但云南大量高原山地土壤得不到有效利用,限制辣椒产业的发展。从品种选择、培育壮苗、定植、田间管理及病虫害防治等方面,制定出高山辣椒高效栽培技术规程,以供种植户参考。