High-resolution colonic manometry and its clinical application in patients with colonic dysmotility: A review

The detailed process and mechanism of colonic motility are still unclear, and colonic motility disorders are associated with numerous clinical diseases. Colonic manometry is considered to the most direct means of evaluating colonic peristalsis. Colonic manometry has been studied for more than 30 years;however, the long duration of the examination, high risk of catheterization, huge amount of real-time data, strict catheter sterilization, and high cost of disposable equipment restrict its wide application in clinical practice. Recently, highresolution colonic manometry (HRCM) has rapidly developed into a major technique for obtaining more effective information involved in the physiology and/or pathophysiology of colonic contractile activity in colonic dysmotility patients. This review focuses on colonic motility, manometry, operation, and motor patterns, and the clinical application of HRCM. Furthermore, the limitations, future directions, and potential usefulness of HRCM in the evaluation of clinical treatment effects are also discussed.

Preoperative physiological esophageal assessment for anti-reflux surgery:A guide for surgeons on high-resolution manometry and pH testing

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most commonlyencountered digestive diseases in the world, with the prevalence continuing toincrease. Many patients are successfully treated with lifestyle modifications andproton pump inhibitor therapy, but a subset of patients require more aggressiveintervention for control of their symptoms. Surgical treatment with fundoplicationis a viable option for patients with GERD, as it attempts to improve the integrityof the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). While surgery can be as effective asmedical treatment, it can also be associated with side effects such as dysphagia,bloating, and abdominal pain. Therefore, a thorough pre-operative assessment iscrucial to select appropriate surgical candidates. Newer technologies arebecoming increasingly available to help clinicians identify patients with true LESdysfunction, such as pH-impedance studies and high-resolution manometry(HRM). Pre-operative evaluation should be aimed at confirming the diagnosis ofGERD, ruling out any major motility disorders, and selecting appropriate surgicalcandidates. HRM and pH testing are key tests to consider for patients with GERDlike symptoms, and the addition of provocative measures such as straight legraises and multiple rapid swallows to HRM protocol can assess the presence ofunderlying hiatal hernias and to test a patient’s peristaltic reserve prior tosurgery.

Distal esophageal spasm:Update on diagnosis and management in the era of high-resolution manometry

Distal esophageal spasm (DES) is a rare major motility disorder in the Chicago dassification of esophageal motility disorders (CC).DES is diagnosed by finding of≥20%premature contractions,with normal lower esophageal sphincter (LES)relaxation on high-resolution manometry (HRM) in the latest version of CCv3.0.This feature differentiates it from achalasia type 3,which has an elevated LES relaxation pressure.Like other spastic esophageal disorders,DES has been linked to conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease,psychiatric conditions,and narcotic use.In addition to HRM,ancillary tests such as endoscopy and barium esophagram can provide supplemental information to differentiate DES from other conditions.Functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP),a new cutting-edge diagnostic tool,is able to recognize abnormal LES dysfunction that can be missed by HRM and can further guide LES targeted treatment when esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction is diagnosed on FLIP.Medical treatment in DES mostly targets symptomatic relief and often fails.Botulinum toxin injection during endoscopy may provide a temporary therapy that wears off over time.Myotomy through peroral endoscopic myotomy or via surgical Heller myotomy can provide long term relief in cases with persistent symptoms.

High resolution manometric findings in patients with Chagas' disease esophagopathy

Objective:To describe high resolution manometry features of a population of symptomatic- patients with Chagas’ disease esophagopathy(CDE).Methods:Sixteen symptomatic dysphagic patients with CDE[mean age(54.81±13.43) years,10 women]were included in this study.All patients underwent a high resolution manometry.Results:Mean lower esophageal sphincter(LES) extension was(3.02±1.17) cm with a mean basal pressure of(15.25±7.00) mmHg.Residual pressure was(14.31±9.19) mmHg.Aperistalsis was found in all 16 patients.Achalasia with minimal esophageal pressurization(type I) was present in 25%of patients and achalasia with esophageal compression(type 2) in 75%,according to the Chicago Classification.Upper esophageal sphincter(UES) mean basal pressure was(97.96±54.22) mmHg with a residual pressure of(12.95±6.42) mmHg.Conclusions:Our results show that LES was hypotensive or normotensive in the majority of the patients.Impaired relaxation was found in a minority of our patients.Aperistalsis was seen in 100%of patients.UES had impaired relaxation in a significant number of patients. Further clinical study is needed to investigate whether manometric features can predict outcomes following the studies of idiopathic achalasia..

Can high resolution manometry parameters for achalasia be obtained by conventional manometry?

High resolution manometry(HRM) is a new technology that made important contributions to the field of gastrointestinal physiology. HRM showed clear advan-tages over conventional manometry and it allowed the creation of different manometric parameters. On the other side, conventional manometry is still wild available. It must be better studied if the new technology made possible the creation and study of these parameters or if they were always there but the colorful intuitive panoramic view of the peristalsis from the pharynx to the stomach HRM allowed the human eyes to distinguish subtle parameters unknown or uncomprehend so far and if HRM parameters can be reliably obtained by conventional manometry and data from conventional manometry still can be accepted in achalasia studies. Conventional manometry relied solely on the residual pressure to evaluate lower esophageal sphincter(LES) relaxation while HRM can obtain the Integrated Relaxation Pressure. Esophageal body HRM parameters defines achalasia subtypes, the Chicago classification, based on esophageal pressurization after swallows. The characterization of each subtype is very intuitive by HRM but also easy by conventional manometry since only wave amplitudes need to be measured. In conclusion, conventional manometry is still valuable to classify achalasia according to the Chicago classification. HRM permits a better study of the LES.

High resolution impedance manometric findings in dysphagia of Huntington's disease

Conventional manometry presents significant challenges,especially in assessment of pharyngeal swallowing,because of the asymmetry and deglutitive movements of oropharyngeal structures.It only provides information about intraluminal pressure and thus it is difficult to study functional details of esophageal motility disorders.New technology of solid high resolution impedance manometry(HRIM),with 32 pressure sensors and 6 impedance sensors,is likely to provide better assessment of pharyngeal swallowing as well as more information about esophageal motility disorders.However,the clinical usefulness of application of HRIM in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia or esophageal dysphagia is not known.We experienced a case of Huntington's disease presenting with both oropharyngeal and esophageal dysphagia,in which HRIM revealed the mechanism of oropharyngeal dysphagia and provided comprehensive information about esophageal dysphagia.

Transmitted cardiovascular pulsations on high resolution esophageal impedance manometry, and their significance in dysphagia

AIM To investigate the behavior of pulsatile pressure zones(PPZ's) as noted on high resolution esophageal impedance manometry(HREIM), and determine their association with dysphagia.METHODS Retrospective, single center case control design scr-eening HREIM studies for cases(dysphagia) and controls(no dysphagia). Thoracic radiology studies were reviewed further in cases for(thoracic cardiovascular) thoracic cardiovascular(TCV) structures in esophageal proximity to compare with HREIM findings. Manometric data was collected for number, location, axial length, PPZ pressure and esophageal clearance function(impedance). RESULTS Among 317 screened patients, 56% cases and 64% controls had PPZ's. Fifty cases had an available thoracic radiology comparison. The distribution of PPZ's in these 50 cases and 59 controls was similar(average 1.4 PPZ/patient). Controls(mean 31.2 ± SD 12 years) were a significantly younger population than cases(mean 67.3 ± SD 14.9 years) with P < 0.0001. The upright posture PPZ pressure was higher in controls(15.7 ± 10.0 mm Hg) than cases(10.8 ± 9.7 mm Hg). Although statistically significant(P = 0.005), it was a weak predictor using logistic regression and ROC model(AUC = 0.65). Three dysphagia patients had partial compression from external TCV on radiology(1 aberrant subclavian artery, 2 dilated left atrium). The posture(supine vs upright) with more prominent PPZ's impaired bolus clearance in 9 additional cases by > 20%. CONCLUSION Transmitted TCV pulsations observed in HREIM bear no significant impact on swallowing. However, in older adults with dysphagia, evidence of impaired bolus clearance on impedance should be evaluated for external TCV compression. These associations have never been explored previously in literature, and are novel.

High-Resolution Esophageal Manometry in Teenagers with Esophageal Atresia

Introduction: Children with surgically repaired esophageal atresia (EA) show esophageal dysmotility. Due to the performance of high-resolution manometry (HRM), three motility alteration patterns have been described, which allowed to know the segmental alterations. Objective: To describe the esophageal motility patterns found through HRM in teenagers with EA and to relate these with the associated esophageal pathology and its severity. Materials and Method: Ten teenagers were included with no history of esophageal blockage or dilations in the last six months, who were orally fed and asymptomatic. Through performance of HRM, we found surgical and endoscopic history, as well as of esophageal biopsies and pH monitoring. Results: We found the following patterns: aperistalsis, pressurization and distal contraction. 70% showed distal contraction, and 100% of esophageal endoscopies and biopsies were normal. 57% of the esophageal pH monitoring analyzed was pathologic. In the pressurization and aperistalsis groups, we observed severe esophagitis and requirement of Nissen antireflux procedure in 100% of the cases. Esophageal pH monitoring analyzed was 100% pathologic. Conclusion: We described the esophageal segmental alterations in teenagers with atresia by means of HRM. The distal contraction group showed better development, without severe esophagitis or requirement of antireflux procedure. Therefore, by performing an HRM in teenagers with EA, we could predict the future esophageal behavior, according to the peristaltic pattern, since there are significant differences among the groups in study.

Semi-Solid and Solid Bolus Swallows in High-Resolution Oesophageal Manometry for the Detection of Motility Disorders

Background/Aims: High-resolution oesophageal manometry utilises water swallows to evaluate oesophageal function. However, small volumes of water are not representative of normal eating and as a result often produce normal manometry studies in patients with dysphagia. This study sets out to establish optimal diagnostic thresholds for semi-solid solid swallows and evaluate their ability to uncover motility abnormalities in patients with motility disorders. Method: Manometry was performed using ten 5-mL single water swallows followed by two semi-solid and two solid swallows in the upright position. Normative values for the adjunctive tests were obtained from patient controls while patients with major motility disorders were used to establish the optimal diagnostic thresholds. Diagnostic thresholds identified were prospectively tested in patients with normal water swallows but oesophagus related symptoms and in those with minor and major motility disorders. Results: Normal values for semi-solid and solid were determined in patient controls (n = 100). Development of diagnostic thresholds included 120 patients with major motility disorders. Optimal diagnostic thresholds identified for oesophagogastric junction dysfunction in semi-solid and solid swallows (IRP > 15.5 mmHg). Hypercontractilty and spasm used existing thresholds (>8000 mmHg-s-cm and < 4.5 s, respectively) but modified frequency of ≥50% of adjunctive swallows. Diagnostic thresholds were applied to symptomatic patients with normal water swallows (n = 70) identifying 12/70 (17%) to have abnormal adjunctive swallows. One of 30 patients (3%) with ineffective motility had abnormal adjunctive swallow and 12 patients with oesophageal spasm, oesophagogastric junction obstruction, and hypercontractility had abnormal adjunctive swallows that moved them up the motility disorder hierarchy. Conclusions: Semi-solid and solid challenge increase diagnostic yield of motility disorders.

Upper esophageal sphincter abnormalities on high-resolution esophageal manometry and treatment response of type Ⅱ achalasia

BACKGROUND Little is known about the clinical significance of upper esophageal sphincter(UES)motility disorders and their association with the treatment response of typeⅡachalasia.None of the three versions of the Chicago Classification of Esophageal Motility Disorders has defined UES abnormality metrics or their function.UES abnormalities exist in some patients and indicate a clinically significant problem in patients with achalasia.AIM To demonstrate the manometric differentiation on high-resolution esophageal manometry between subjects with abnormal UES and normal UES,and the association between UES type and the treatment response of typeⅡachalasia.METHODS In total,498 consecutive patients referred for high-resolution esophageal manometry were analyzed retrospectively.The patients were divided into two groups,those with normal and abnormal UES function.UES parameters were analyzed after determining lower esophageal sphincter(LES)function.Patients with typeⅡachalasia underwent pneumatic dilation for treatment.Using mixed model analyses,correlations between abnormal UES and treatment response were calculated among subjects with typeⅡachalasia.RESULTS Of the 498 consecutive patients,246(49.40%)were found to have UES abnormalities.Impaired relaxation alone was the most common UES abnormality(52.85%,n=130).The incidence rate of typeⅡachalasia was significantly higher in subjects with abnormal UES than those with normal UES(9.77%vs 2.58%,P=0.01).After pneumatic dilation,LES resting pressure,LES integrated relaxation pressure,and UES residual pressure were significantly decreased(41.91±9.20 vs 26.18±13.08,38.94±10.28 vs 16.71±5.65,and 11.18±7.93 vs 5.35±4.77,respectively,P<0.05).According to the Eckardt score,subjects with typeⅡachalasia and abnormal UES presented a significantly poorer treatment response than those with normal UES(83.33%vs 0.00%,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Impaired relaxation alone is the most common UES abnormality.The incidence of typeⅡachalasia is associated with abnormal UES.TypeⅡachalasia with abnormal UES has a poorer treatment response,which is a potentially prognostic indicator of treatment for this disease.

系统性硬化症患者食管动力与临床特征的研究

目的探讨系统性硬化症(SSc)患者累及食管功能的临床特征及影响因素。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2022年12月南京医科大学第一附属医院胃肠动力中心接受HREM检查的SSc患者的临床资料。分析其食管动力特征、临床特征与食管动力的相关性。结果29例SSc患者中存在食管症状者18例,吞咽困难为最常见症状(44.8%)。食管体部动力障碍最多见,尤其是失蠕动及蠕动异常。反酸与食管体部无效蠕动百分比(APR)呈正相关(r s=0.497,P<0.05)。消化道外受累系统数量与平均远端收缩积分(DCI)呈负相关,与APR呈正相关(r s=-0.466、0.408,P<0.05)。血沉与上食管括约肌残余压及DCI呈负相关(P<0.05),补体C3、C4含量与APR呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论SSc患者易出现食管动力异常,伴有食管症状,且食管功能障碍可发生在无食管症状时。SSc累及系统越多、病情越重、疾病活动更易伴有食管功能异常。

嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎伴吞咽困难1例

本文报道一例因吞咽困难而就诊的嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎病例。该患者为54岁女性,超声胃镜可见食管弥漫性增厚,病理示食管鳞状上皮内散在嗜酸性粒细胞浸润伴嗜酸性粒细胞微脓肿形成,嗜酸性粒细胞计数密度约为30个/HPF,符合嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎的诊断标准(中度活动性)。口服醋酸泼尼松30 mg/d并逐步减量后,患者临床症状明显减轻,且影像学证实病变具有明显改善。本文总结该患者的诊疗经过并结合文献进行深入剖析,以期提升临床医生对该病的认知。

高分辨率食管测压联合24h食管阻抗-pH监测对胃食管反流病病情程度的诊断价值

目的:分析高分辨率食管测压(HRM)联合24 h食管阻抗-pH监测对胃食管反流病(GERD)病情程度的诊断价值。方法:选取2020年8月至2023年7月我院确诊GERD的182例患者为研究对象,依据DeMeester积分分为轻度组(≤50分)、中度组(51~100分)、重度组(>100分),比较HRM指标与24h阻抗-pH监测指标,分析这些指标与GERD病情程度的相关性及其诊断价值。结果:3组腹段食管下括约肌(LES)长度比较,轻度组>中度组>重度组(P<0.05);3组气体反流次数、平均酸清除时间、酸反流次数比较,轻度组<中度组<重度组(P<0.05);GERD病情程度与腹部LES长度呈负相关,与气体反流次数、平均酸清除时间、酸反流次数呈正相关(P<0.05)。气体反流次数、平均酸清除时间、酸反流次数、腹部LES长度单独诊断GERD的ROC曲线下面积均小于HRM与24h阻抗-pH监测联合诊断(P<0.05)。结论:HRM联合24h阻抗-pH监测GERD,可有效判断GERD病情程度,有助于临床制定针对性治疗方案。

高分辨率食管测压在经口内镜下肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症中应用的研究进展

贲门失弛缓症(achalasia,AC)是一种原发性食管动力障碍性疾病,目前的治疗方法只能缓解症状,但不能治愈疾病。经口内镜下肌切开术(peroral endoscopic myotomy,POEM)是治疗AC最为有效的治疗方法。对于AC的诊治及POEM术式的选择尚存争议,因此,本文对高分辨率食管测压(high resolution esophageal manometry,HREM)在AC的诊断、POEM手术策略的制定、术后疗效的预测及评估中的临床价值作一概述,以提高临床医生在AC诊治中常规行HREM检测这一重要性理念的认识,提高POEM治疗AC的临床疗效,并对未来优化POEM对AC的诊治进行展望。

90例功能性便秘患者高分辨肛门直肠测压的临床特点分析

目的:探讨不同性别、年龄、症状功能性便秘(FC)患者高分辨肛门直肠测压的差异。方法:选取芜湖市第二人民医院消化内科胃肠动力室90例FC患者,用高分辨肛门直肠测压(简称高分辨测压)技术,分析不同组别之间检测的参数特点。结果:高分辨测压显示男性FC患病年龄大于女性FC患者;男性在肛管最大收缩压和直肠排便压上高于女性,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。60岁及以上组肛管长度低于35岁及以下组(P<0.05);36~59岁组和60岁及以上组初始感觉阈值、排便阈值和最大耐受容量均高于35岁及以下组(P<0.05);60岁及以上组初始感觉阈值和排便阈值高于36~59岁组(P<0.05)。出口梗阻型便秘(OOC)组直肠排便压高于非OOC组(P<0.05),而排便时肛门松弛率低于非OOC组(P<0.001)。结论:高分辨肛门直肠测压在FC患者的诊治中具有一定指导意义,可在临床中推广运用。

功能MRI成像对低位前切除综合征的研究价值

目的探究功能MRI成像技术在评估低位直肠癌保肛术后低位前切除综合征中的应用价值。方法收集低位直肠癌保肛术后的患者38例,所有患者于术后第3个月内行盆腔功能MRI成像,并采用LARS评分表进行评分。将无LARS症状的患者纳入阴性组,轻度和重度LARS症状的患者纳入阳性组,阳性组患者均于盆腔功能MRI检查的1周内行3D HR-ARM检查。比较LARS阳性组和阴性组功能MRI检查间的差异,分析LARS阳性组功能MRI检查和3D HR-ARM检查间的相关性。结果LARS阳性组各时相的PR厚度和EAS厚度均小于阴性组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。功能MRI成像与3D HR-ARM检查相关性分析显示:静息相的H线长度与RAPD呈正相关,静息相的EAS厚度与MSP呈正相关,力排相的H线长度与IRP呈正相关,三时相的PR厚度与HPZ呈正相关,提肛相的IAS厚度与IRP和RAPD呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论低位直肠癌患者PR和EAS受损、功能减退是影响术后出现LARS的重要因素,功能MRI成像可清晰显示盆底解剖结构变化,与3D HR-ARM检查相结合,可对LARS患者进行全面评估和疗效监测。

高分辨率肛门直肠测压在先天性肛门直肠畸形术后患儿排便功能评估中的应用

目的分析先天性肛门直肠畸形术后患儿高分辨率肛门直肠测压数据,总结相关特征,探讨其作为先天性肛门直肠畸形患儿术后排便功能评估的依据。方法选取2014-2017年在重庆医科大学附属儿童医院胃肠新生儿外科治疗的先天性肛门直肠畸形患儿77例,女性13例,男性64例,其中直肠盲端距肛隐窝的距离<1.5 cm(低位)32例,≥1.5 cm(中高位)45例;术后6个月至1年排便功能Kelly评分:3～6分(功能优良)的72例,0～2分(功能差)的5例。72例排便功能优良的患儿分为低位组(32例)与中高位组(40例);45例中高位患儿又分为排便功能优良组(40例)和功能差组(5例)。分析各组患儿高分辨率肛门直肠测压检查结果(平均静息压、最大静息压、肛管有效长度、直肠肛门抑制反射)。三维图像分析患儿肛门直肠压力。结果 72例排便功能优良的低位组与中高位组患儿的平均静息压(38.00±12.33 vs 32.27±11.86 mmHg)、最大静息压(42.65±14.23 vs 36.67±12.10 mmHg)、肛管有效长度(2.43±0.30 vs 2.18±0.33 cm)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组直肠肛门抑制反射的恢复率分别为90.63%及17.50%,差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05);45例中高位患儿中,与排便功能优良组比较,排便功能差组平均静息压(26.08±2.36 mmHg)、最大静息压(29.96±2.55 mmHg)更低,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);通过三维图像分析,功能差组在三维图像上存在低压带或压力缺失带,其中4例低压带在后壁,1例低压带在前壁。结论低位肛门直肠畸形患儿平均静息压、最大静息压、肛管有效长度及直肠肛门抑制反射恢复率较中高位肛门直肠畸形高,可通过三维图像判断肛门括约肌功能,高分辨率肛门直肠测压可作为先天性肛门直肠畸形术后评估患儿排便功能的依据之一。

表面肌电生物反馈及神经肌肉电刺激对脑干损伤后吞咽障碍患者吞咽功能的即时效应

目的:使用高分辨率固态测压系统(HRM)评价表面肌电生物反馈(sEMGBF)及神经肌肉电刺激(NMES)对脑干损伤后神经源性吞咽障碍患者咽部及食管上括约肌(UES)功能的即时影响。方法:脑干损伤后吞咽障碍患者15例,分别在表面肌电生物反馈、神经肌肉电刺激及无干预措施下吞咽唾液(干吞咽)2次及吞咽3ml水2次。用高分辨率固态测压系统实时采集咽部及食管上括约肌的压力及时间参数。参数包括:咽部收缩峰值压,咽部收缩持续时间,咽部收缩速率,UES松弛残余压,UES松弛持续时间。使用重复测量的方差分析研究表面肌电生物反馈疗法及神经肌肉电刺激对这些参数的影响。结果:与无干预状态时相比,干咽时sEMG组吞咽时UES松弛持续时间延长(P=0.042),咽部收缩峰值增加(P=0.029),咽部收缩速率提高(P=0.016),咽部收缩持续时间延长(P=0.048)。NMES组咽部收缩持续时间延长(P=0.041)。吞咽3ml水时,sEMG组吞咽时UES松弛持续时间延长(P=0.033),咽部收缩速率提高(P=0.007),咽部收缩持续时间延长(P=0.044)。NMES组UES松弛残余压升高(P=0.020),咽部收缩速率有所降低(P=0.008),咽部收缩持续时间延长(P=0.039)。结论:表面肌电生物反馈可以显著延长食管上括约肌松弛持续时间和咽部收缩持续时间;神经肌肉电刺激会显著增加食管上括约肌松弛残余压,降低咽部收缩速率,但是可以显著增加咽部收缩持续时间。

肛管直肠压力测定在肛门功能评估中的价值及临床应用

目的观察肛管直肠压力测定在肛门功能评估中的临床应用价值。方法以术后橡皮筋脱落时间为分组依据将62例高位肛瘘病例分为3组,试验1组<10 d,试验2组10～16 d,试验3组>16 d。分别观察3组手术前后的肛管直肠压力测定(静息压、收缩压、排便压改变率)、痊愈后wexner评分。结果试验1组wexner评分与试验2组和试验3组比较均有显著性差异(P均<0.05)。痊愈后wexner评分与肛管直肠压力测定静息压下降率的Pearson的相关系数为0.579(P=0.00)。结论在高位肛瘘挂线术后的肛门功能评估中,肛管直肠压力测定和wexner评分具有一致性,且肛管直肠压力测定(静息压、收缩压、排便压改变率)较wexner评分评估更加精确。

高分辨率固态测压系统用于研究不同黏稠度食团对健康人咽部及食道上括约肌功能的影响

目的:使用高分辨率固态测压系统检查不同黏稠度的食团对咽部推动力及食管上括约肌(UES)松弛功能的影响。方法:24个健康志愿者分别给予三种不同黏稠度(水、浓流质、糊状)的食团。吞咽过程中的咽部及UES压力与收缩/松弛持续时间的测量均由高分辨率固态测压系统完成。测量的参数包括:咽部收缩峰值压,咽部收缩持续时间,UES松弛残余压,UES松弛持续时间。使用重复测量的方差分析研究食团黏稠度对这些参数的影响。结果:吞咽3ml食团时,随食物黏稠度的增加,UES的松弛残余压进一步降低,UES松弛持续时间不断延长,咽部峰值压不断升高,咽部收缩持续时间也逐渐延长。吞咽10ml食团时,UES的松弛残余压、松弛持续时间与吞咽3ml食团时类似,但咽部峰值压及收缩持续时间变化不大?结论:随着食团黏稠度的增加,UES的松弛时间延长及残余压下降。在吞咽容积较小的食团时,依靠咽部推动及UES松弛功能均增强,克服黏稠度增加产生的阻力。而在吞咽容积较大的食团时,主要依靠UES增加松弛程度,吸引食团向下运送,克服黏稠度增加产生的阻力。