High-Energy Atmospheric Physics: Ball Lightning

This article proposes an explanation for High-Energy Atmospheric phenomena through the frames of Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM). In WUM, Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes (TGFs) are, in fact, Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). The spectra of TGFs at very high energies are explained by Dark Matter particles annihilation in Geocorona. Lightning initiation problem is solved by GRBs that slam into thunderclouds and carve a conductive path through a thunderstorm. We introduce Multiworld consisting of Macro-World, Large-World, Small-World, and Micro-World, characterized by suggested Gravitational, Extremely-Weak, Super-Weak, and Weak interaction respectively. We propose a new model of Ball Lightning formation based on the Dark Matter Core surrounded by electron-positron plasma in the Small-World.

Investigating the Creation of Cultural Atmospheres in Physical Bookstores Within the Context of Scene-Based Consumption:A Perspective Based on the Ways of Seeing

In an era of scene-based consumption,the essence of operating a bookstore lies in accepting and enabling the bookstore to play its role as a cultural medium for browsing and appreciating books,which in turn fosters the development of a distinctive bookstore culture.This new type of consumption context has led to an evolution in the book-reading culture in physical bookstores that is characterized by a shift from a paradigm of passive reading to one where the emphasis is on interactive viewing.This transition has laid the foundation for the creation of cultural atmospheres in bookstores,and it highlights the visual interactions that now exist between readers and books as well as with other related cultural industries.The dominant and fundamental logic behind this process is symbiosis,experience,aesthetics,immersion,and creativity.However,when a form of culture that focuses on consumption-oriented browsing begins to overshadow knowledge acquisition during the process of book reading,the cultural essence of bookstores is likely to be diminished.Therefore,the cultural essence within the scene-based consumption context should be enhanced by creating innovative viewing activities that showcase the cultural and emotional implications inherent in the scene itself,and thus help to align the identity of the bookstore with its in-situ cultural space.

Progress in polar upper atmospheric physics research in China

The Chinese Antarctic Great Wall, Zhongshan, Kunlun and Arctic Yellow River stations have unique geographical locations, well suited to carry out polar upper atmospheric observations. This paper reviews the tremendous history of nearly 30 years of Chinese polar expeditions and major progress in polar upper atmospheric physics research. This includes the polar upper atmospheric physics conjugate observation system at Zhongshan Station in the Antarctic and Yellow River Station in the Arctic, and original research achievements in polar ionospheric fields, aurora and particle precipitation, the polar current system, polar plasma convection, geomagnetic pulsations and space plasma waves, inter-hemispheric comparisons of the space environment, space weather in polar regions, power spectrum of the incoherent scatter radar, ionospheric heating experiments and polar meso- spheric summer echoes, polar ionosphere-magnetosphere numerical simulation and others. Finally, prospects for Chinese polar upper atmospheric physics research are outlined.

Recent progress in Chinese polar upper-atmospheric physics research: review of research advances supported by the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic expeditions

It has been more than 30 years since the first Chinese Antarctic Expedition took place. Polar upper atmospheric observations started at this time. First began at Great Wall Station and then at Zhongshan Station in Antarctica, and later in the Arctic at Yellow River Station, Kjell Henriksen Observatory on Svalbard, and at the China-Iceland Joint Aurora Observatory in Iceland. In this paper, we reviewed the advances in polar upper atmosphere physics （UAP） based on the Chinese national Arctic and Antarctic research over the last five years. These included newly deployed observatories and research instruments in the Arctic and Antarctic; and new research findings, from grotmd-based observations, about polar ionosphere dynamics, aurora and particle precipitation, polar plasma convection, geomagnetic pulsations and space plasma waves, space weather in the polar regions, simulations of the polar ionosphere-magnetosphere. In conclusion, suggestions were made for future polar upper atmosphere physics research in China.

A Review of Atmospheric Electricity Research in China from 2019 to 2022

Atmospheric electricity is composed of a series of electric phenomena in the atmosphere.Significant advances in atmospheric electricity research conducted in China have been achieved in recent years.In this paper,the research progress on atmospheric electricity achieved in China during 2019-22 is reviewed focusing on the following aspects:(1)lightning detection and location techniques,(2)thunderstorm electricity,(3)lightning forecasting methods and techniques,(4)physical processes of lightning discharge,(5)high energy emissions and effects of thunderstorms on the upper atmosphere,and(6)the effect of aerosol on lightning.

A 5.12-GHz LC-based phase-locked loop for silicon pixel readouts of high-energy physics

There is an urgent need for high-quality and high-frequency clock generators for high-energy physics experiments.The transmission data rate exceeds 10 Gbps for a single channel in future readout electronics of silicon pixel detectors.Others,such as time measurement detectors,require a high time resolution based on the time-to-digital readout architecture.A phase-locked loop(PLL)is an essential and broadly used circuit in these applications.This study presents an application-specific integrated circuit of a low-jitter,low-power LC-tank that is PLL fabricated using 55-nm CMOS technology.It includes a 3rd-order frequency synthesis loop with a programmable bandwidth,a divide-by-2 pre-scaler,standard low-voltage differential signaling interfaces,and a current mode logic(CML)driver for clock transmissions.All the d-flip-flop dividers and phase-frequency detectors are protected from single-event upsets using the triple modular redundancy technique.The proposed VCO uses low-pass filters to suppress the noise from bias circuits.The tested LC-PLL covers a frequency locking range between 4.74 GHz and 5.92 GHz with two sub-bands.The jitter measurements of the frequency-halved clock(2.56 GHz)are less than 460 fs and 0.8 ps for the random and deterministic jitters,respectively,and a total of 7.5 ps peak-to-peak with a bit error rate of 10^(-12).The random and total jitter values for frequencies of 426 MHz and 20 MHz are less than 1.8 ps and 65 ps,respectively.The LC-PLL consumed 27 mW for the core and 73.8 mW in total.The measured results nearly coincided with the simulations and validated the analyses and tests.

CAS to Re-orient Its Research on High-energy Physics & Advanced Accelerator Facilities

After a two-year-long investigation and considerable research, CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences) recently defined its long-term and medium strategic targets for the development of high-energy physics and advanced accelerator facilities: ·Making a major renovation on the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider (BEPC) so that it is capable of accomplishing top-ranking research results in charmphysics;

Atmospheric Profile Retrieval with AIRS Data and Validation at the ARM CART Site

The physical retrieval algorithm of atmospheric temperature and moisture distribution from the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder （AIRS） radiances is presented. The retrieval algorithm is applied to AIRS clear-sky radiance measurements. The algorithm employs a statistical retrieval followed by a subsequent nonlinear physical retrieval. The regression coefficients for the statistical retrieval are derived from a dataset of global radiosonde observations （RAOBs） comprising atmospheric temperature, moisture, and ozone profiles. Evaluation of the retrieved profiles is performed by a comparison with RAOBs from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement （ARM） Program Cloud And Radiation Testbed （CART） in Oklahoma, U. S. A.. Comparisons show that the physically-based AIRS retrievals agree with the RAOBs from the ARM CART site with a Root Mean Square Error （RMSE） of 1K on average for temperature profiles above 850 hPa, and approximately 10% on average for relative humidity profiles. With its improved spectral resolution, AIRS depicts more detailed structure than the current Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite （GOES） sounder when comparing AIRS sounding retrievals with the operational GOES sounding products.

Enhancement of High Energy Electron Fluxes and Variation of Atmospheric Electric Field in the Antarctic Region

High-energy electron precipitation in the high latitude regions enhances the ionization of the atmosphere,and subsequently increases the atmospheric conductivities and the vertical electric field of the atmosphere near the ground as well.The High-Energy Electron Flux(HEEF) data measured by the Fengyun-3 meteorological satellite are analyzed together with the data of nearsurface atmospheric vertical electric field measured at the Russian Vostok Station.Three HEEF enhancements are identified and it is shown that when the HEEF increases to a certain level,the local atmospheric vertical electric field near the ground can increase substantially than usual.The response time of the electric field to HEEF enhancement is about 3.7 to 4 days.

Scrutinizing the atmospheric greenhouse effect and its climatic impact

In this paper, we scrutinize two completely different explanations of the so-called atmospheric greenhouse effect: First, the explanation of the American Meteorological Society (AMS) and the World Meteorological Organization (W?MO) quan- tifying this effect by two characteristic temperatures, secondly, the explanation of Ramanathan et al. [1] that is mainly based on an energy-flux budget for the Earth-atmosphere system. Both explanations are related to the global scale. In addition, we debate the meaning of climate, climate change, climate variability and climate variation to outline in which way the atmospheric greenhouse effect might be responsible for climate change and climate variability, respectively. In doing so, we distinguish between two different branches of climatology, namely 1) physical climatology in which the boundary conditions of the Earth-atmosphere system play the dominant role and 2) statistical climatology that is dealing with the statistical description of fortuitous weather events which had been happening in climate periods;each of them usually comprises 30 years. Based on our findings, we argue that 1) the so-called atmospheric greenhouse effect cannot be proved by the statistical description of fortuitous weather events that took place in a climate period, 2) the description by AMS and W?MO has to be discarded because of physical reasons, 3) energy-flux budgets for the Earth-atmosphere system do not provide tangible evidence that the atmospheric greenhouse effect does exist. Because of this lack of tangible evidence it is time to acknowledge that the atmospheric greenhouse effect and especially its climatic impact are based on meritless conjectures.

A Review of Atmospheric Electricity Research in China

The importance of atmospheric electricity research has been increasingly recognized in recent decades. Research on atmospheric electricity has been actively conducted since the 1980 s in China. Lightning physics and its effects, as important branches of atmospheric electricity, have received more attention because of their significance both in scientific research and lightning protection applications. This paper reviews atmospheric electricity research based primarily on ground-based field experiments at different regions in China in the last decade. The results described in this review include physics and effects of lightning, rocket-triggered lightning and its physical processes of discharge, thunderstorm electricity on the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas, lightning activity associated with severe convective storms, the effect and response of lightning to climate change, numerical simulation of thunderstorm electrification and lightning discharge, lightning detection and location techniques, and transient luminous events above thunderstorms.

Atmospheric regimes and trends on exoplanets and brown dwarfs

A planetary atmosphere is the outer gas layer of a planet. Besides its scientific significance among the first and most accessible planetary layers observed from space, it is closely connected with planetary formation and evolution, surface and interior processes, and habitability of planets. Current theories of planetary atmospheres were primarily obtained through the studies of eight large planets, Pluto and three large moons(Io, Titan, and Triton) in the Solar System. Outside the Solar System, more than four thousand extrasolar planets(exoplanets) and two thousand brown dwarfs have been confirmed in our Galaxy, and their population is rapidly growing. The rich information from these exotic bodies offers a database to test, in a statistical sense, the fundamental theories of planetary climates. Here we review the current knowledge on atmospheres of exoplanets and brown dwarfs from recent observations and theories. This review highlights important regimes and statistical trends in an ensemble of atmospheres as an initial step towards fully characterizing diverse substellar atmospheres, that illustrates the underlying principles and critical problems.Insights are obtained through analysis of the dependence of atmospheric characteristics on basic planetary parameters. Dominant processes that influence atmospheric stability, energy transport, temperature, composition and flow pattern are discussed and elaborated with simple scaling laws. We dedicate this review to Dr. Adam P. Showman(1968–2020) in recognition of his fundamental contribution to the understanding of atmospheric dynamics on giant planets, exoplanets and brown dwarfs.

Dark Matter Cosmology and Astrophysics

Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM) envisions Matter carried from Universe into World from fourth spatial dimension by Dark Matter Particles (DMPs). Luminous Matter is byproduct of Dark Matter (DM) annihilation. WUM introduces Dark Epoch (spanning from Beginning of World for 0.4 billion years) when only DMPs existed, and Luminous Epoch (ever since for 13.8 billion years). Big Bang discussed in standard cosmological model is, in our view, transition from Dark Epoch to Luminous Epoch due to Rotational Fission of Overspinning DM Supercluster’s Cores and annihilation of DMPs. WUM solves a number of physical problems in contemporary Cosmology and Astrophysics through DMPs and their interactions: Angular Momentum problem in birth and subsequent evolution of Galaxies and Extrasolar systems—how do they obtain it;Fermi Bubbles—two large structures in gamma-rays and X-rays above and below Galactic center;Mysterious Star KIC 8462852 with irregular dimmings;Coronal Heating problem in solar physics—temperature of Sun’s corona exceeding that of photosphere by millions of degrees;Cores of Sun and Earth rotating faster than their surfaces;Diversity of Gravitationally-Rounded Objects in Solar system and their Internal Heat;Lightning Initiation problem—electric fields observed inside thunderstorms are not sufficient to initiate sparks;Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes—bursts of high energy X-rays and gamma rays emanating from Earth. Model makes predictions pertaining to Masses of DMPs, proposes New Types of their Interactions. WUM reveals Inter-Connectivity of Primary Cosmological Parameters and calculates their values, which are in good agreement with the latest results of their measurements.

Numerical Physical Mechanism and Model of Turbulent Cascades in a Barotropic Atmosphere

In a barotropic atmosphere, new Reynolds mean momentum equations including turbulent viscosity, dispersion, and instability are used not only to derive the KdV-Burgers-Kuramoto equation but also to analyze the physical mechanism of the cascades of energy and enstrophy. It shows that it is the effects of dispersion and instability that result in the inverse cascade. Then based on the conservation laws of the energy and enstrophy, a cascade model is put forward and the processes of the cascades are described.

溶剂气氛调控制备TATB

为调控制备不同粒径TATB,提出了一种基于溶剂气氛诱导的试验方法,将纳米TATB暴露在溶剂二甲基亚砜(DMSO)气氛中,利用溶剂气氛诱导控制TATB粒子成长;利用场发射扫描电子显微镜观察了制备的TATB晶体形貌;利用拉曼光谱仪(Raman)和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪测量了TATB的特征峰变化;利用差示扫描量热-热重联用仪(TG-DSC)分析了TATB的热分解性能;研究了溶剂气氛、试验温度以及反应时间对TATB粒径形貌的影响。结果表明,溶剂气氛试验法可诱导纳米TATB生长,调控微观形貌,制备出粒径范围1~17μm的TATB;同时,溶剂气氛试验法制备TATB残余溶剂脱附量较小,仅为4.7mg/g,同溶剂重结晶法制备TATB相比,约为其残余溶剂脱附量的1/21;试验温度和溶剂溶解度是调控纳米TATB晶体生长的两个关键控制条件,通过调控试验温度和溶剂溶解度,可实现TATB粒径的控制生长;拉曼光谱结果显示TATB物相结构未发生变化;热分解结果表明随着TATB平均粒径从3μm增至17μm,其对应的热分解表观活化能E_(a)从208.366kJ/mol增至211.753kJ/mol。

回归感性:气氛美学视域下的媒介研究新议程

作为新美学流派的“气氛美学”,提出“回归感性”的诉求,与新闻传播领域的“情感转向”趋势不谋而合。对美学传统的复归,彰显了人类作为感性主体的重要面向。对理性实证的信息传播观念的反拨,则展现了媒介叙事的人文主义价值。这些变革显示了一度被遮蔽的感性及情感的积极潜能。在气氛美学的基本特质和观念中,可以分辨出身体感性、空间性、情感性与蕴藉性等若干关键维度,这为媒介研究开辟了新的论域。从空间性与身体性的维度看,气氛美学与媒介研究旨趣相近,都强调身体在场在情感互动中的重要作用。从审美角度看,彰显情感性与蕴藉性的媒介叙事能够生成诗性的意义空间,在媒介环境中塑造具有“气氛”意蕴的场域,促进了情感驱动的“叙事共同体”的建构。在“气氛”这一范畴的笼罩之下,从整体性视野观照新技术塑造的媒介生态,有助于催生新的媒介生产理念和实践模式,校正媒介与传播的发展路径,促进媒介环境中人类主体性的建构。在媒介空间与现实空间的交叠互渗中,人类获得了全新的感性体验,为气氛的生成提供了多样化的技术情境。这拓展了气氛美学的阐释场景,为气氛美学研究增添了重要的媒介维度,体现了当下深度媒介化时代的总体特征。

不同气调保鲜对平菇贮藏品质和理化性质的影响

为明确气调包装对采后平菇贮藏品质和理化性质的影响,采用聚乳酸(PLA)袋自发气调和高氧盒式气调(50%O_(2)、40%N_(2)、10%CO_(2))对采后平菇进行包装处理,测定贮藏期间平菇的失重率、褐变指数、感官评分、硬度、包装内气体含量、营养成分含量、褐变相关酶活性及丙二醛含量。结果表明,在4℃条件下,PLA袋自发气调包装和高氧盒式气调包装均可不同程度地提高平菇的采后贮藏品质,减少失水和褐变,维持较高营养物质含量,抑制褐变相关酶活性,降低丙二醛含量。其中,PLA袋自发气调包装对采后平菇的保鲜效果更好,贮藏10d时,平菇的感官评分高达7.4,较高氧盒式气调包装提高34.55%,且能保持较好的硬度和可溶性蛋白质含量,抑制过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛生成。研究结果可为平菇采后气调包装保鲜的应用提供理论依据和参考。

改性聚醚醚酮在气调包装膜领域的研究进展

简要介绍气调包装膜的透气机制及改性聚醚醚酮(PEEK)的基本结构和特性,详细综述了近年来可用于提高改性PEEK基气调包装膜热力学稳定性、透气透湿性和抗菌等特性所涉及的物理、化学改性技术及其改性机理,最后展望了改性PEEK在气调包装领域的未来研究方向,并提出了其可能存在的问题及挑战。

大气污染物质量浓度对黄土高原降水云物理影响研究

针对黄土高原实际降水展开研究,探究大气污染物质量浓度对黄土高原降水情况的影响程度。将黄土高原1990年-2019年共30年的气象数据资料作为实验数据,通过计算提取出黄土高原降水的分布特征,根据实际的大气污染物质量浓度,设定不同的大气污染物质量浓度环境,再计算大气污染物质量浓度与黄土高原降水情况的相关度,并对其进行分析。实验结果显示,大气污染物质量浓度越低,黄土高原的降水时间、降水强度和降水次数越高。黄土高原的降水情况会受到多种因素的影响,其中,大气污染物质量浓度对黄土高原降水情况的物理影响较大。