In this study, we consider the heat-induced withdrawal reflex caused by exposure to an electromagnetic beam. We propose a concise dose-response relation for predicting the occurrence of withdrawal reflex from a given ...In this study, we consider the heat-induced withdrawal reflex caused by exposure to an electromagnetic beam. We propose a concise dose-response relation for predicting the occurrence of withdrawal reflex from a given spatial temperature profile. Our model is distilled from sub-step components in the ADT CHEETEH-E model developed at the Institute for Defense Analyses. Our model has only two parameters: the activation temperature of nociceptors and the critical threshold on the activated volume. When the spatial temperature profile is measurable, the two parameters can be determined from test data. We connect this dose-response relation to a temperature evolution model for electromagnetic heating. The resulting composite model governs the process from the electromagnetic beam deposited on the skin to the binary outcome of subject’s reflex response. We carry out non-dimensionalization in the time evolution model. The temperature solution of the non-dimensional system is the product of the applied power density and a parameter-free function. The effects of physical parameters are contained in non-dimensional time and depth. Scaling the physical temperature distribution into a parameter-free function greatly simplifies the analytical solution, and helps to pinpoint the effects of beam spot area and applied power density. With this formulation, we study the theoretical behaviors of the system, including the time of reflex, effect of heat conduction, biological latency in observed reflex, energy consumption by the time of reflex, and the strategy of selecting test conditions in experiments for the purpose of inferring model parameters from test data.展开更多
The cell-type continuous electromagnetic radiation system is a demonstration device capable of generating high-power millimeter electromagnetic waves of a specific wavelength and observing their effects on living orga...The cell-type continuous electromagnetic radiation system is a demonstration device capable of generating high-power millimeter electromagnetic waves of a specific wavelength and observing their effects on living organisms.It irradiates a biological sample placed in a 30×30×50 cm^(3)cell with electromagnetic waves in the 3.15-mm-wavelength region(with an output of≥1 W)and analyzes the temperature change of the sample.A vacuum electronic device-based coupled-cavity backward-wave oscillator converts the electron energy of the electron beam into radiofrequency(RF)energy and radiates it to the target through an antenna,increasing the temperature through the absorption of RF energy in the skin.The system causes pain and ultimately reduces combat power.A cell-type continuous electromagnetic radiation system consisting of four parts—an electromagnetic-wave generator,a highvoltage power supply,a test cell,and a system controller—generates an RF signal of≥1 W in a continuous waveform at a 95-GHz center frequency,as well as a chemical solution with a dielectric constant similar to that of the skin of a living organism.An increase of 5°C lasting approximately 10 s was confirmed through an experiment.展开更多
讨论了毫米波微带天线的工作原理、结构及其与射频前端的集成。介绍了基于CST STUDIO SUITE 2014软件设计中心频率为27 GHz微带天线的整个设计流程。设计了以Rogers 5880有机基板为介质材料的27 GHz毫米波微带天线,相对于以LTCC为介质...讨论了毫米波微带天线的工作原理、结构及其与射频前端的集成。介绍了基于CST STUDIO SUITE 2014软件设计中心频率为27 GHz微带天线的整个设计流程。设计了以Rogers 5880有机基板为介质材料的27 GHz毫米波微带天线,相对于以LTCC为介质的天线拥有低成本、低剖面的优点。提出一种毫米波微带天线与射频前端的集成方案,建立了天线与帯通滤波器仿真模型并提取S参数。论证毫米波微带天线与射频前端集成的可行性。所设计的微带天线尺寸只有3.8 mm×3.5 mm,天线的增益达到了7.62 d Bi,辐射效率高达93%,相对带宽为2.3%,且实测值与仿真值吻合得很好,验证了设计的正确性。展开更多
目的观察高功率密度（high power density,HPD)毫米波穴位辐射对癌性疼痛的治疗效果。方法100例癌性疼痛患者采用HPD毫米波穴位辐射治疗，1次/d，每次30min,辐射头置于阿是穴配以循经取穴；同期未用毫米波治疗的40例癌性疼痛患者采用镇...目的观察高功率密度（high power density,HPD)毫米波穴位辐射对癌性疼痛的治疗效果。方法100例癌性疼痛患者采用HPD毫米波穴位辐射治疗，1次/d，每次30min,辐射头置于阿是穴配以循经取穴；同期未用毫米波治疗的40例癌性疼痛患者采用镇痛剂治疗为对照。停止治疗后1周进行疗效评价。结果毫米波组显效27例（27％），有效40例（40％），止痛总有效率67％（67／100），对照组仅4例（10％）有效，组间有非常显著差异（P< 0．001）。结论HPD毫米波穴位照射治疗简便安全无副作用，止痛迅速且有效率高。展开更多
文摘In this study, we consider the heat-induced withdrawal reflex caused by exposure to an electromagnetic beam. We propose a concise dose-response relation for predicting the occurrence of withdrawal reflex from a given spatial temperature profile. Our model is distilled from sub-step components in the ADT CHEETEH-E model developed at the Institute for Defense Analyses. Our model has only two parameters: the activation temperature of nociceptors and the critical threshold on the activated volume. When the spatial temperature profile is measurable, the two parameters can be determined from test data. We connect this dose-response relation to a temperature evolution model for electromagnetic heating. The resulting composite model governs the process from the electromagnetic beam deposited on the skin to the binary outcome of subject’s reflex response. We carry out non-dimensionalization in the time evolution model. The temperature solution of the non-dimensional system is the product of the applied power density and a parameter-free function. The effects of physical parameters are contained in non-dimensional time and depth. Scaling the physical temperature distribution into a parameter-free function greatly simplifies the analytical solution, and helps to pinpoint the effects of beam spot area and applied power density. With this formulation, we study the theoretical behaviors of the system, including the time of reflex, effect of heat conduction, biological latency in observed reflex, energy consumption by the time of reflex, and the strategy of selecting test conditions in experiments for the purpose of inferring model parameters from test data.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.NRF-2021M2E8A1038938,No.NRF-2021R1F1A1048374,and No.NRF-2016R1A3B1908336)supported by a grant of the Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences(KIRAMS),funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT),Republic of Korea(No.50051—2021,No.50623—2021)。
文摘The cell-type continuous electromagnetic radiation system is a demonstration device capable of generating high-power millimeter electromagnetic waves of a specific wavelength and observing their effects on living organisms.It irradiates a biological sample placed in a 30×30×50 cm^(3)cell with electromagnetic waves in the 3.15-mm-wavelength region(with an output of≥1 W)and analyzes the temperature change of the sample.A vacuum electronic device-based coupled-cavity backward-wave oscillator converts the electron energy of the electron beam into radiofrequency(RF)energy and radiates it to the target through an antenna,increasing the temperature through the absorption of RF energy in the skin.The system causes pain and ultimately reduces combat power.A cell-type continuous electromagnetic radiation system consisting of four parts—an electromagnetic-wave generator,a highvoltage power supply,a test cell,and a system controller—generates an RF signal of≥1 W in a continuous waveform at a 95-GHz center frequency,as well as a chemical solution with a dielectric constant similar to that of the skin of a living organism.An increase of 5°C lasting approximately 10 s was confirmed through an experiment.
文摘讨论了毫米波微带天线的工作原理、结构及其与射频前端的集成。介绍了基于CST STUDIO SUITE 2014软件设计中心频率为27 GHz微带天线的整个设计流程。设计了以Rogers 5880有机基板为介质材料的27 GHz毫米波微带天线,相对于以LTCC为介质的天线拥有低成本、低剖面的优点。提出一种毫米波微带天线与射频前端的集成方案,建立了天线与帯通滤波器仿真模型并提取S参数。论证毫米波微带天线与射频前端集成的可行性。所设计的微带天线尺寸只有3.8 mm×3.5 mm,天线的增益达到了7.62 d Bi,辐射效率高达93%,相对带宽为2.3%,且实测值与仿真值吻合得很好,验证了设计的正确性。
文摘目的观察高功率密度（high power density,HPD)毫米波穴位辐射对癌性疼痛的治疗效果。方法100例癌性疼痛患者采用HPD毫米波穴位辐射治疗，1次/d，每次30min,辐射头置于阿是穴配以循经取穴；同期未用毫米波治疗的40例癌性疼痛患者采用镇痛剂治疗为对照。停止治疗后1周进行疗效评价。结果毫米波组显效27例（27％），有效40例（40％），止痛总有效率67％（67／100），对照组仅4例（10％）有效，组间有非常显著差异（P< 0．001）。结论HPD毫米波穴位照射治疗简便安全无副作用，止痛迅速且有效率高。
