Scientific Advances and Weather Services of the China Meteorological Administration’s National Forecasting Systems during the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics

Since the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics was the first Winter Olympics in history held in continental winter monsoon climate conditions across complex terrain areas,there is a deficiency of relevant research,operational techniques,and experience.This made providing meteorological services for this event particularly challenging.The China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre,achieved breakthroughs in research on short-and medium-term deterministic and ensemble numerical predictions.Several key technologies crucial for precise winter weather services during the Winter Olympics were developed.A comprehensive framework,known as the Operational System for High-Precision Weather Forecasting for the Winter Olympics,was established.Some of these advancements represent the highest level of capabilities currently available in China.The meteorological service provided to the Beijing 2022 Games also exceeded previous Winter Olympic Games in both variety and quality.This included achievements such as the“100-meter level,minute level”downscaled spatiotemporal resolution and forecasts spanning 1 to 15 days.Around 30 new technologies and over 60 kinds of products that align with the requirements of the Winter Olympics Organizing Committee were developed,and many of these techniques have since been integrated into the CMA’s operational national forecasting systems.These accomplishments were facilitated by a dedicated weather forecasting and research initiative,in conjunction with the preexisting real-time operational forecasting systems of the CMA.This program represents one of the five subprograms of the WMO’s high-impact weather forecasting demonstration project(SMART2022),and continues to play an important role in their Regional Association(RA)II Research Development Project(Hangzhou RDP).Therefore,the research accomplishments and meteorological service experiences from this program will be carried forward into forthcoming highimpact weather forecasting activities.This article provides an overview and assessment of this program and the operational national forecasting systems.

National Image Construction from the Perspective of Multimodal Metaphor-A Case Study of the Opening Ceremony of the Beijing Winter Olympics

The national image is a comprehensive concept with a distinct political feature,including the international image presented to the outside world,and also encompassing the national identity of the people.With the development of globalization,international cultural communication has become a crucial part of shaping the national image,and the opening ceremony of the Beijing Winter Olympics has become an important opportunity for China to showcase its national image to the world in the post-pandemic era.Based on Forceville’s multimodal metaphor theory,this paper examines the metaphorical phenomena contained in the performance and their functions,effects,and purposes in the construction of the national image.It is found that there are many scenes,images,and narratives in the opening ceremony,including war metaphor,competition metaphor,personification metaphor,and other conceptual metaphors.The focus of this paper is on multimodal metaphor in a broad sense,mainly encompassing auditory and visual modes.Through the use of these multimodal metaphors,the opening ceremony of the Winter Olympics builds an image of a vibrant,peace-loving,and responsible country,which not only demonstrates China’s cultural self-confidence,but also expresses the Chinese people’s beautiful vision for the early reunification of the motherland.

Assessing vegetation community distribution characteristics and succession stages in mountainous areas hosting coming Winter Olympics Games

Alpine mountain ecosystem shows strong interactions between abiotic and biotic parameters.They also receive high attention from human activities(natural tourism,trekking,skiing,etc.).However,as the potential disturbance risk areas in alpine mountains are increasing,it is necessary to understand the relationship between environmental factors and plant communities.This is also the key consideration for the coming international events such as the Winter Olympic Games,which could generate uncontrolled ecosystem issues not previously studied.The Yin Mountains in Chongli district,Zhangjiakou City,Hebei Province,China will be the core area of the 2022 Winter Olympic Games.We hypothesize that disturbances will be caused,therefore,the previous relationships between the habitat factors and plant community and the main environmental limiting factors before hosting them must be assessed to design future restoration plans.Therefore,we used the two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN)and market basket analysis(MBA)for vegetation classification in 91 sampling plots.Plant community and relationships among environmental variables(altitude,slope position,aspect,direction,inclination,soil porosity,soil bulk density,organic matter content and soil pH)were investigated through the trend correspondence(DCA)and canonical correspondence analyses(CCA).Also,the TWINSPAN was used to classify the vegetation into 6 different groups.CCA analysis showed that i)the spatial variation of soil moisture and the content of soil organic matter are the main factors limiting the development of shrub and herb communities;ii)the distribution of different forest communities was mainly affected by terrain factors(altitude,aspect and slope position);iii)the dynamic changes of vegetation communities in different altitudes were affected by the fluctuation of environmental factors and human disturbance,and the shrubs and herbaceous plants in mid-to-high altitude areas(above 1400 m)generally show the process of transformation from the pioneer community to transitional community in the competition.We concluded that under the strong interference of human activities in the core construction area of the Olympic venues,higher damage intensity and lower resilience in the low altitude area is observed compared with the pioneer community.Whereas in the low altitude area(below 1400m)with a fragile ecological environment,although the plant diversity and coverage are poor,the potential impact and damage degree of the Olympic Games are greatly reduced due to the distance from the construction area of the core venues and good resilience.This information can help land managers and policymakers to anticipate human disturbances on plant communities and support guiding the most efficient ecological restoration after the Winter Olympic Games in 2022.

Influence of 2022 Winter Olympics on Tourism Development of Zhangjiakou City and the Countermeasures

Mega-event is an important driving force for the development of urban tourism industry. As a co-host city of 2022 Winter Olympics, Zhangjiakou will encounter new opportunities in tourism development. This paper build a dynamic model about the influence of Olympics on urban tourism industry, and put forward specific strategies for the city promoting its tourism development by taking the opportunity of hosting the Winter Olympics.

Study on the Impact of Bid for Winter Olympics on the Development of Chinese Winter Sports

The 128th plenary session of International Olympic Committee declared on July 31, 2015 after vote that Beijing and Zhan^iakou will be the bidding cities of 2022 Winter Olympics. It was the second time for China to successfully bid Olympic Games since 2008 Summer Olympics, which will encourage China to continue to develop sports career in the process of sports power construction and will have long-term construction meanings. Chinese winter sports industry and sports culture will enter into the fast booming development period in the future 7 years. The paper begins with Beijing and Zhangjiakou Winter Olympics bid and the future Chinese winter sports industry construction to illustrate the impact of bid for Winter Olympics on the future winter sports career development.

Quality Improvement of Slow Traffic Space in Shijingshan District under the Background of Winter Olympics: A Case Study of Lugu Street of Shijingshan District

In the context of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, the quality improvement of slow traffic space in Shijingshan District faces many challenges. Through the exploration of “slow traffic space” and its design concept and strategy theory, the problem of slow traffic space is sorted out from the aspects of policy background, spatial form and cultural construction, with Lugu Street as an example. Based on the unique cultural resources in the district, the optimization strategies are proposed from the aspects of spatial form improvement, unsupervised technology utilization, enhancement of residents’ willingness to slowly traffic and Winter Olympics culture shaping. In addition, a slow traffic space improvement scheme with easy implementation, convenient access and rich connotation is formed, in order to provide new methods and ideas for improving the quality of slow traffic space.

Beijing: Forging Ahead in the Post-Winter Olympics Era

With the successful hosting of the 2022 Winter Olympics,Beijing has become the world's first"Dual Olympic City",with the global attention more focused on Beiing and its post-Winter Olympics era.Attaching Great Importance to the Post-Olympic Games Uiization of Olympic Venues.

Inheritance and Innovation:Development of Beijing Shadow Play from the Perspective of Beijing Winter Olympics

This paper is aimed to figure out the dilemma of sustainable development of Beijing shadow play.Through a brand-new perspective of the Winter Olympic Games,this paper not only demonstrates the opportunities and challenges faced by Beijing shadow play in the current era,but also expounds the inheritance and innovation of it to show the value of change and sustainable development.It could be found that these methods are capable of breaking the limitations of time and space,so that this extraordinary art form can go worldwide and be found and loved by more people.It is concluded that more efforts should be put into the field of Beijing shadow play and that Beijing shadow play can be revived by virtue of inheritance and innovation.

2022 Winter Olympics stamps launched

People buy commemorative stamps for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games and Paralympic Games after the launch of the stamps in Beijing on Sunday.Beijing offered a special New Year gift for philatelists and sports fans on Sunday with the launch of the first set of commemorative stamps for the 2022Beijing Winter Olympics.The inaugural set of the stamps comprises two pieces featuring the emblems of the 2022

Medical services for sports injuries and illnesses in the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games

BACKGROUND:Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games was the second Games held amid the COVID-19 pandemic.To a certain extent,it has altered the way sporting activities operate.There is a lack of knowledge on injury risk and illness occurrence in elite winter sport athletes amid the COVID-19 pandemic.This study aimed to describe the incidence of injuries and illnesses sustained during the XXIV Olympic Winter Games in Beijing from February 4 to 20,2022.METHODS:We recorded the daily number of injuries and illnesses among athletes reported by Beijing 2022 medical staff in the polyclinic,medical venues,and ambulance.We calculated injury and illness incidence as the number of injuries or illnesses occurring during competition or training,respectively,with incidence presented as injuries/illnesses per 100 athlete-days.RESULTS:In total,2,897 athletes from 91 nations experienced injury or illness.Beijing 2022 medical staff reported 326 injuries and 80 illnesses,equaling 11.3 injuries and 2.8 illnesses per 100 athletes over the 17-day period.Altogether,11%of the athletes incurred at least one injury and nearly 3%incurred at least one illness.The number of injured athletes was highest in the skating sports(n=104),followed by alpine skiing(n=53),ice track(n=37),freestyle skiing(n=36),and ice hockey(n=35),and was the lowest in the Nordic skiing disciplines(n=20).Of the 326 injuries,14(4.3%)led to an estimated absence from training or competition of more than 1 week.A total of 52 injured athletes were transferred to hospitals for further care.The number of athletes with illness(n=80)was the highest for skating(n=33)and Nordic skiing(n=22).A total of 50 illnesses(62.5%)were admitted to the department of dentistry/ophthalmology/otolaryngology,and the most common cause of illness was other causes,including preexisting illness and medicine(n=52,65%).CONCLUSION:Overall,11%of athletes incurred at least one injury during the Games,which is similar to the findings during the Olympic Winter Games in 2014 and 2018.Regarding illness,2%of athletes were affected,which is approximately one-third of the number affected in the 2018 Olympic Winter Games.

Transport Patterns and Potential Sources of Atmospheric Pollution during the ⅩⅩⅣ Olympic Winter Games Period

The attainment of suitable ambient air quality standards is a matter of great concern for successfully hosting the ⅩⅩⅣ Olympic Winter Games(OWG). Transport patterns and potential sources of pollutants in Zhangjiakou(ZJK) were investigated using pollutant monitoring datasets and a dispersion model. The PM_(2.5) concentration during February in ZJK has increased slightly(28%) from 2018 to 2021, mostly owing to the shift of main potential source regions of west-central Inner Mongolia and Mongolian areas(2015–18) to the North China Plain and northern Shanxi Province(NCPS) after 2018.Using CO as an indicator, the relative contributions of the different regions to the receptor site(ZJK) were evaluated based on the source-receptor-relationship method(SRR) and an emission inventory. We found that the relative contribution of pollutants from NCPS increased from 33% to 68% during 2019–21. Central Inner Mongolia(CIM) also has an important impact on ZJK under unfavorable weather conditions. This study demonstrated that the effect of pollution control measures in the NCPS and CIM should be strengthened to ensure that the air quality meets the standard during the ⅩⅩⅣ OWG.

Effects of a closed-loop system against SARS-CoV-2 at the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games:a descriptive and modeling study

BACKGROUND:To assess the efficacy of the epidemic prevention measures of the“closed-loop”system adopted by the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games(BOWG).METHODS:We retrospectively collected and analyzed information,including age,sex,nationality,vaccination status,date of diagnosis,and date of entry,from 280 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals identified during the BOWG.A susceptibility-exposed-infectious-remove model was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of epidemic prevention strategies on controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 under different scenarios during the BOWG.RESULTS:Regarding SARS-CoV-2-positive cases,97.9%were imported,and 96.4%were asymptomatic.The median age was 37 years(range:29–47 years),and 73.9%were male,with the majority of cases being broadcasters and European attendees.Regarding vaccination status,93.5%were fully vaccinated,and six cases were considered to have been infected in the closed-loop system during the BOWG.Assuming that the BOWG adopted a semi-closed-loop management system,the cumulative number of confirmed cases would be 1,137 for quick quarantine measures(3 d later)implemented and 5,530 for delayed quarantine measures(9 d later)implemented.This modeling revealed that stringent pandemic prevention measures and closed-loop management effectively controlled the spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the BOWG.CONCLUSION:Imported cases are considered the main risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 transmission during mass gatherings,but a comprehensive closed-loop system could minimize transmission among attendees and general personnel.

Comparison and Analysis of Data at Traffic Meteorological Observation Station during Beijing Winter Olympic Games Period

This paper presents a comparison and analysis method of data at traffic meteorological observation station during Beijing Winter Olympic Games period based on Grubbs criterion. By comparing the data of a set of standard multi-element observation stations with the data of multiple measured traffic stations, the outliers of each element data at each station were analyzed. It could provide data support for the maintenance of Zhangjiakou traffic meteorological observation station and a guarantee for the accuracy of forest service during Beijing Winter Olympic Games period.

Study on the Influence of Winter Olympic Games on Sports Information Work in China

The holding of winter Olympic Games in China indicates that China＇s sports has achieved a great degree of progress. At the same time, it also has a great impact on the sports information work. It will promote a great improvement in sports information access, information services and other aspects, as well as greatly stimulate the progress of sports information work. Therefore, this paper will emphatically analyze the impact on sports information work for holding the winter Olympic Games in China.

联合国可持续发展理念下北京冬奥遗产可持续发展研究

运用文献资料法与逻辑分析法,探讨联合国可持续发展理念及其在北京冬奥遗产可持续发展中的理论意义,并在此基础上探索北京冬奥遗产可持续发展内涵和赛后发展原则。研究认为:联合国可持续发展理念为北京冬奥遗产的可持续发展提供有益借鉴,对北京冬奥遗产明晰自身经济、社会与环境三者系统的发展本质、平衡的发展向度、统一的发展愿景和关联的发展效应具有一定的参考意义。基于此,研究将北京冬奥遗产可持续发展内涵总结为“冬奥遗产与生态环境共容”“冬奥遗产与社会发展共融”以及“冬奥遗产与经济发展共荣”,同时提出以人为本、协调共治、共建、共享和循序渐进4项赛后可持续发展原则,以期为北京冬奥遗产的赛后传承与可持续发展提供理论参考。

The Olympic Gemes

The first Olympic Games were held in 766 B. C. atOlympia, in ancient Greece. After that, the games wereheld at intervals until 393 A. D., when they werestopped by the Roman conquerors after Greece lost herindependence. The first game lasted only one day and there

冬奥会促进就业:国际镜鉴与中国方略

承办冬奥会是张家口市千载难逢的发展契机,在经济下行压力增大的背景下,如何借助冬奥会综合效益推动城市经济增长、缓解就业压力亟需破题。基于此,文章聚焦冬奥会促进举办城市就业这一议题,在劳动经济学、区域经济学理论指导下,利用文献资料法、数理统计法及对比研究法,研究了冬奥会促进举办城市就业的特殊价值与历史经验,并以此为关照,在测算2022年冬奥会对张家口市直接就业带动贡献的基础上,尝试提出后冬奥时代张家口市就业促进的优化策略。

大型体育赛事语言景观的呈现特征、建构经验与提升策略——以北京2022年冬奥会为例

基于语言景观理论,通过录像观察对北京冬奥会语言景观的呈现特征进行考察并总结建构经验,进一步提出未来打造具有中国特色的赛事语言景观的提升策略。研究认为:首先,官方景观主导、载体类型多样、模态组合多元、语码布局规范是北京冬奥会语言景观的呈现特征。其次,自信规范的语言使用、特色文化的深度结合、丰富多样的呈现形式是北京冬奥会语言景观的建构经验。最后,未来应建立健全各类赛事语言景观的标准规范,促进文化交流的理解与认同;充分挖掘办赛所在地的优秀文化,打造具有本土特色的语言景观;应用现代高科技手段,拓宽语言景观呈现的渠道与形式。

后冬奥时代我国冰雪产业高质量发展的动力变革与实现路径

运用文献资料法和逻辑分析法对后冬奥时代我国冰雪产业高质量发展的基础能力、发展机遇、动力变革进行了研究。研究发现:冰雪产业自身变革发展模式、拓展地理空间、服务乡村振兴、区域协同等自身优势为高质量发展奠定了基础;北京冬奥会为我国冰雪产业的高质量发展提供了发展机遇,加快构建了冰雪产业高质量发展的新格局,促进了产品体系完善和多链融合;产业变革的动力来自供需平衡、市场主体支撑、要素驱动转化、制度环境、科技创新。因此笔者提出要加强顶层设计,构建中国特色现代化的高质量冰雪产业发展体系;提高效率,规范职能,建设协同高效的一流营商环境;加强健康引领,丰富供给类型,建设服务人民的冰雪体育公共服务体系;夯实开放理念,增强科技助力,建设创新融合低碳发展的冰雪产业市场机制;建立支撑冰雪产业高质量发展的人才培养体系;以更高水平的对外开放,深度融入全球冰雪产业格局等路径促进后冬奥会时代我国冰雪产业的高质量发展。