The retinal structure and visual acuity in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus at different stages of development were examined by light microscopy. The resolving power of the retina, the visual axis and the best...The retinal structure and visual acuity in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus at different stages of development were examined by light microscopy. The resolving power of the retina, the visual axis and the best visual field were estimated based on the distribution of cone cells in the retina. The visual system of the larvae appears poorly developed at hatching. The larvae with total length (TL) of less than 10 mm, have single cones only and the eyes were well pigmented. At 10-11 mm TL, most single cones fused to form double cones, with the single and double cones forming a mosaic pattern. From larvae to early juvenile the retina stretches, the cones increase in diameter and rods increase in number. Based on the highest density of the cones in the ventro temporal region, the visual axis was orientated up forward. The resolving power of the retina in 40-530 mm TL Japanese flounder was found to range from 25.1 to 11.5 min. The results indicated continual improvements in the visual system of the growing fish towards higher resolving power, visual acuity and sensitivity.展开更多
AIMTo compare the safety and efficacy of phacoemulsification and small incision cataract surgery (SICS) in patients with uveitic cataract.METHODSIn a prospective, randomized multi-centric study, consecutive patients w...AIMTo compare the safety and efficacy of phacoemulsification and small incision cataract surgery (SICS) in patients with uveitic cataract.METHODSIn a prospective, randomized multi-centric study, consecutive patients with uveitic cataract were randomized to receive phacoemulsification or manual SICS by either of two surgeons well versed with both the techniques. A minimum inflammation free period of 3mo (defined as less than 5 cells per high power field in anterior chamber) was a pre-requisite for eligibility for surgery. Superior scleral tunnel incisions were used for both techniques. Improvement in visual acuity post-operatively was the primary outcome measure and the rate of post-operative complications and surgical time were secondary outcome measures, respectively. Means of groups were compared using t-tests. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used when there were more than two groups. Chi-square tests were used for proportions. Kaplan Meyer survival analysis was done and means for survival time was estimated at 95% confidence interval (CI). A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTSOne hundred and twenty-six of 139 patients (90.6%) completed the 6-month follow-up. Seven patients were lost in follow up and another six excluded due to either follow-up less than six months (n=1) or inability implant an intraocular lens (IOL) because of insufficient capsular support following posterior capsule rupture (n=5). There was significant improvement in vision after both the procedures (paired t-test; P<0.001). On first postoperative day, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was 20/63 or better in 31 (47%) patients in Phaco group and 26 (43.3%) patients in SICS group (P=0.384). The mean surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) was 0.86±0.34 dioptres (D) in the phacoemulsification group and 1.16±0.28 D in SICS group. The difference between the groups was significant (t-test, P=0.002). At 6mo, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 20/60 or better in 60 (90.9%) patients in Phaco group and 53 (88.3%) in the manual SICS group (P=0.478). The mean surgical time was significantly shorter in the manual SICS group (10.8±2.9 versus 13.2±2.6min) (P<0.001). Oral prednisolone, 1 mg/kg body weight was given 7d prior to surgery, continued post-operatively and tapered according to the inflammatory response over 4-6wk in patients with previously documented macular edema, recurrent uveitis, chronic anterior uveitis and intermediate uveitis. Rate of complications like macular edema (Chi-square, P=0.459), persistent uveitis (Chi-square, P=0.289) and posterior capsule opacification (Chi-square, P=0.474) were comparable between both the groups.CONCLUSIONManual SICS and phacoemulsification do not differ significantly in complication rates and final CDVA outcomes. However, manual SICS is significantly faster. It may be the preferred technique in settings where surgical volume is high and access to phacoemulsification is limited, such as in eye camps. It may also be the appropriate technique for uveitic cataract under such circumstances.展开更多
目的通过观察行飞秒激光辅助白内障手术联合Restor+2.5 D和Restor+3.0 D多焦点人工晶状体(MIOL)双眼植入术后3个月患者的双眼全程视力、对比敏感度、视觉干扰现象及主观满意度等指标,综合评价其术后视觉质量及老视矫正的效果。方法连续...目的通过观察行飞秒激光辅助白内障手术联合Restor+2.5 D和Restor+3.0 D多焦点人工晶状体(MIOL)双眼植入术后3个月患者的双眼全程视力、对比敏感度、视觉干扰现象及主观满意度等指标,综合评价其术后视觉质量及老视矫正的效果。方法连续选择自2015年3月至2017年3月就诊于重庆爱尔麦格眼科医院的双眼白内障合并老视患者105例(210只眼),采用信封法随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组行飞秒激光辅助白内障超声乳化吸出联合双眼先后植入Restor+2.5 D和Restor+3.0 D MIOL,对照组行飞秒激光辅助白内障超声乳化吸出联合双眼植入Restor+3.0 D MIOL。术后早期观察患者的并发症情况。术后3个月检查两组患者单眼与双眼的离焦曲线及对比敏感度,并填写MIOL植入术后的满意度调查问卷。裸眼远视力、对比敏感度及满意度评分采用均数±标准差(x±s)进行描述。治疗前后的组内比较采用配对t检验,观察组与对照组的组间比较采用独立样本t检验,两组间术后并发症、视觉干扰及满意度调查的比较采用卡方检验。结果观察组与对照组术后角膜水肿、高眼压及黄斑囊样水肿等并发症发生率的比较,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0,0.10,0.84;P>0.05)。所有患者术后裸眼远视力较术前均有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(t=1.97,P<0.05)。观察组与对照组患者术后均获得了满意的双眼远视力,二者差异无统计学意义(t=1.02,P>0.05)。对两组患者进行33 cm的近距离视力测试,对照组的裸眼视力较好,但组间差异无统计学意义(t=1.89,P>0.05)。对两组患者进行67 cm的中距离视力测试,观察组视力明显好于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.35,P<0.05)。将观察组与对照组患者术后产生眩光、光晕及色差等视觉干扰现象的情况进行比较,差异均无统计学意义(χ~2=0.43,0.46,0.06;P>0.05)。在暗视状态下,观察组患者6c.d-1和12c.d-1空间频率的对比敏感度要高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.35,2.19;P<0.05)。观察组与对照组患者在看电视、阅读及使用手机时的眼镜依赖度及总体眼镜依赖度差异均无统计学意义(χ~2=0.04,0.04,0.43;P>0.05)。将使用电脑时的眼镜依赖度进行比较,观察组明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.38,P<0.05)。观察组和对照组患者的满意度评分分别为9.31±0.12和8.78±0.20,观察组术后满意度更高,差异有统计学意义(t=2.19,P<0.05)。结论飞秒激光辅助白内障手术联合Restor+2.5 D和Restor+3.0 D MIOL双眼植入术后可获得更令人满意的全程视力,减少光学干扰现象,术后中距离用眼脱镜率更高,长期稳定性好,整体满意度高。展开更多
Purpose:The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize and appraise the evidence of the benefits of presbyopic correction on the cornea for visual function.Summary:Comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE us...Purpose:The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize and appraise the evidence of the benefits of presbyopic correction on the cornea for visual function.Summary:Comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE using keywords like“presbylasik”,“presbyopic refractive surgery”,“corneal pseudoaccommodation”and“corneal multifocality”.We reviewed corrected and uncorrected visual acuities for distance and near(uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA),uncorrected near visual acuity(UNVA),corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA),distance corrected near visual acuity(DCNVA),corrected near visual acuity(CNVA)),along with the refractive outcomes in spherical equivalent(SE)and astigmatism comparing the differences observed between preoperative myopic and hyperopic patients,as well as among techniques.Thirty-one studies met the inclusion and quality criteria.Monovision provides excellent distance and near uncorrected acuities,but with a 17%retreatment and a 5%reversal rate.Initial multifocal ablations result in 12%loss of 2 or more lines of CDVA,and a 21%retreatment rate.Laser Blended Vision provides excellent UDVA,but with a 19%retreatment rate.Initial experiences with Supracor show moderate predictability and a 22%retreatment rate.Intracor results in 9%loss of 2 or more lines of CDVA.KAMRA provides excellent UDVA,with only a 1%retreatment rate,but a 6%reversal rate.Initial experiences with PresbyMAX provided excellent UNVA and DCNVA,showing excellent predictability and a 1%reversal rate.Conclusions:The findings have implications for clinicians and policymakers in the health-care industry and emphasize the need for additional trials examining this important and widely performed clinical procedure.展开更多
基金Project 39970578 supported by the NSFCsupported by the Ministry of Education Foundation for University Key Teachers.
文摘The retinal structure and visual acuity in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus at different stages of development were examined by light microscopy. The resolving power of the retina, the visual axis and the best visual field were estimated based on the distribution of cone cells in the retina. The visual system of the larvae appears poorly developed at hatching. The larvae with total length (TL) of less than 10 mm, have single cones only and the eyes were well pigmented. At 10-11 mm TL, most single cones fused to form double cones, with the single and double cones forming a mosaic pattern. From larvae to early juvenile the retina stretches, the cones increase in diameter and rods increase in number. Based on the highest density of the cones in the ventro temporal region, the visual axis was orientated up forward. The resolving power of the retina in 40-530 mm TL Japanese flounder was found to range from 25.1 to 11.5 min. The results indicated continual improvements in the visual system of the growing fish towards higher resolving power, visual acuity and sensitivity.
文摘AIMTo compare the safety and efficacy of phacoemulsification and small incision cataract surgery (SICS) in patients with uveitic cataract.METHODSIn a prospective, randomized multi-centric study, consecutive patients with uveitic cataract were randomized to receive phacoemulsification or manual SICS by either of two surgeons well versed with both the techniques. A minimum inflammation free period of 3mo (defined as less than 5 cells per high power field in anterior chamber) was a pre-requisite for eligibility for surgery. Superior scleral tunnel incisions were used for both techniques. Improvement in visual acuity post-operatively was the primary outcome measure and the rate of post-operative complications and surgical time were secondary outcome measures, respectively. Means of groups were compared using t-tests. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used when there were more than two groups. Chi-square tests were used for proportions. Kaplan Meyer survival analysis was done and means for survival time was estimated at 95% confidence interval (CI). A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTSOne hundred and twenty-six of 139 patients (90.6%) completed the 6-month follow-up. Seven patients were lost in follow up and another six excluded due to either follow-up less than six months (n=1) or inability implant an intraocular lens (IOL) because of insufficient capsular support following posterior capsule rupture (n=5). There was significant improvement in vision after both the procedures (paired t-test; P<0.001). On first postoperative day, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was 20/63 or better in 31 (47%) patients in Phaco group and 26 (43.3%) patients in SICS group (P=0.384). The mean surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) was 0.86±0.34 dioptres (D) in the phacoemulsification group and 1.16±0.28 D in SICS group. The difference between the groups was significant (t-test, P=0.002). At 6mo, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 20/60 or better in 60 (90.9%) patients in Phaco group and 53 (88.3%) in the manual SICS group (P=0.478). The mean surgical time was significantly shorter in the manual SICS group (10.8±2.9 versus 13.2±2.6min) (P<0.001). Oral prednisolone, 1 mg/kg body weight was given 7d prior to surgery, continued post-operatively and tapered according to the inflammatory response over 4-6wk in patients with previously documented macular edema, recurrent uveitis, chronic anterior uveitis and intermediate uveitis. Rate of complications like macular edema (Chi-square, P=0.459), persistent uveitis (Chi-square, P=0.289) and posterior capsule opacification (Chi-square, P=0.474) were comparable between both the groups.CONCLUSIONManual SICS and phacoemulsification do not differ significantly in complication rates and final CDVA outcomes. However, manual SICS is significantly faster. It may be the preferred technique in settings where surgical volume is high and access to phacoemulsification is limited, such as in eye camps. It may also be the appropriate technique for uveitic cataract under such circumstances.
文摘目的通过观察行飞秒激光辅助白内障手术联合Restor+2.5 D和Restor+3.0 D多焦点人工晶状体(MIOL)双眼植入术后3个月患者的双眼全程视力、对比敏感度、视觉干扰现象及主观满意度等指标,综合评价其术后视觉质量及老视矫正的效果。方法连续选择自2015年3月至2017年3月就诊于重庆爱尔麦格眼科医院的双眼白内障合并老视患者105例(210只眼),采用信封法随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组行飞秒激光辅助白内障超声乳化吸出联合双眼先后植入Restor+2.5 D和Restor+3.0 D MIOL,对照组行飞秒激光辅助白内障超声乳化吸出联合双眼植入Restor+3.0 D MIOL。术后早期观察患者的并发症情况。术后3个月检查两组患者单眼与双眼的离焦曲线及对比敏感度,并填写MIOL植入术后的满意度调查问卷。裸眼远视力、对比敏感度及满意度评分采用均数±标准差(x±s)进行描述。治疗前后的组内比较采用配对t检验,观察组与对照组的组间比较采用独立样本t检验,两组间术后并发症、视觉干扰及满意度调查的比较采用卡方检验。结果观察组与对照组术后角膜水肿、高眼压及黄斑囊样水肿等并发症发生率的比较,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0,0.10,0.84;P>0.05)。所有患者术后裸眼远视力较术前均有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(t=1.97,P<0.05)。观察组与对照组患者术后均获得了满意的双眼远视力,二者差异无统计学意义(t=1.02,P>0.05)。对两组患者进行33 cm的近距离视力测试,对照组的裸眼视力较好,但组间差异无统计学意义(t=1.89,P>0.05)。对两组患者进行67 cm的中距离视力测试,观察组视力明显好于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.35,P<0.05)。将观察组与对照组患者术后产生眩光、光晕及色差等视觉干扰现象的情况进行比较,差异均无统计学意义(χ~2=0.43,0.46,0.06;P>0.05)。在暗视状态下,观察组患者6c.d-1和12c.d-1空间频率的对比敏感度要高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.35,2.19;P<0.05)。观察组与对照组患者在看电视、阅读及使用手机时的眼镜依赖度及总体眼镜依赖度差异均无统计学意义(χ~2=0.04,0.04,0.43;P>0.05)。将使用电脑时的眼镜依赖度进行比较,观察组明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.38,P<0.05)。观察组和对照组患者的满意度评分分别为9.31±0.12和8.78±0.20,观察组术后满意度更高,差异有统计学意义(t=2.19,P<0.05)。结论飞秒激光辅助白内障手术联合Restor+2.5 D和Restor+3.0 D MIOL双眼植入术后可获得更令人满意的全程视力,减少光学干扰现象,术后中距离用眼脱镜率更高,长期稳定性好,整体满意度高。
文摘Purpose:The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize and appraise the evidence of the benefits of presbyopic correction on the cornea for visual function.Summary:Comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE using keywords like“presbylasik”,“presbyopic refractive surgery”,“corneal pseudoaccommodation”and“corneal multifocality”.We reviewed corrected and uncorrected visual acuities for distance and near(uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA),uncorrected near visual acuity(UNVA),corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA),distance corrected near visual acuity(DCNVA),corrected near visual acuity(CNVA)),along with the refractive outcomes in spherical equivalent(SE)and astigmatism comparing the differences observed between preoperative myopic and hyperopic patients,as well as among techniques.Thirty-one studies met the inclusion and quality criteria.Monovision provides excellent distance and near uncorrected acuities,but with a 17%retreatment and a 5%reversal rate.Initial multifocal ablations result in 12%loss of 2 or more lines of CDVA,and a 21%retreatment rate.Laser Blended Vision provides excellent UDVA,but with a 19%retreatment rate.Initial experiences with Supracor show moderate predictability and a 22%retreatment rate.Intracor results in 9%loss of 2 or more lines of CDVA.KAMRA provides excellent UDVA,with only a 1%retreatment rate,but a 6%reversal rate.Initial experiences with PresbyMAX provided excellent UNVA and DCNVA,showing excellent predictability and a 1%reversal rate.Conclusions:The findings have implications for clinicians and policymakers in the health-care industry and emphasize the need for additional trials examining this important and widely performed clinical procedure.
