High-intensity focused ultrasound ablation:An effective bridging therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma patients

AIM:To analyze whether high-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU) ablation is an effective bridging therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:From January 2007 to December 2010,49 consecutive HCC patients were listed for liver transplantation(UCSF criteria).The median waiting time for transplantation was 9.5 mo.Twenty-nine patients received transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) as a bringing therapy and 16 patients received no treatment before transplantation.Five patients received HIFU ablation as a bridging therapy.Another five patients with the same tumor staging(within the UCSF criteria) who received HIFU ablation but not on the transplant list were included for comparison.Patients were comparable in terms of Child-Pugh and model for end-stage liver disease scores,tumor size and number,and cause of cirrhosis.RESULTS:The HIFU group and TACE group showed no difference in terms of tumor size and tumor number.One patient in the HIFU group and no patient in the TACE group had gross ascites.The median hospital stay was 1 d(range,1-21 d) in the TACE group and two days(range,1-9 d) in the HIFU group(P < 0.000).No HIFU-related complication occurred.In the HIFU group,nine patients(90%) had complete response and one patient(10%) had partial response to the treatment.In the TACE group,only one patient(3%) had response to the treatment while 14 patients(48%) had stable disease and 14 patients(48%) had progressive disease(P = 0.00).Seven patients in the TACE group and no patient in the HIFU group dropped out from the transplant waiting list(P = 0.559).CONCLUSION:HIFU ablation is safe and effective in the treatment of HCC for patients with advanced cirrhosis.It may reduce the drop-out rate of liver transplant candidate.

High intensity focused ultrasound in clinical tumor ablation

Recent advances in high intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU),which was developed in the 1940s as a viable thermal tissue ablation approach,have increased its popularity.In clinics,HIFU has been applied to treat a variety of solid malignant tumors in a well-defined volume,including the pancreas,liver,prostate,breast,uterine fibroids,and soft-tissue sarcomas.In comparison to conventional tumor/cancer treatment modalities,such as open surgery,radio-and chemo-therapy,HIFU has the advantages of non-invasion,non-ionization,and fewer complications after treatment.Over 100 000 cases have been treated throughout the world with great success.The fundamental principles of HIFU ablation are coagulative thermal necrosis due to the absorption of ultrasound energy during transmission in tissue and the induced cavitation damage.This paper reviews the clinical outcomes of HIFU ablation for applicable cancers,and then summarizes the recommendations for a satisfactory HIFU treatment according to clinical experience.In addition,the current challenges in HIFU for engineers and physicians are also included.More recent horizons have broadened the application of HIFU in tumor treatment,such as HIFU-mediated drug delivery,vessel occlusion,and soft tissue erosion(“histotripsy”).In summary,HIFU is likely to play a significant role in the future oncology practice.

Ventral hernia after high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation for uterine fibroids treatment:A case report

BACKGROUND High-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU) ablation is a minimally invasive approach in gynecology that is used to manage uterine fibroids.Although this procedure is safe and effective,adverse outcomes are becoming a major problem.CASE SUMMARY We present a case of ventral hernia that occurred as a rare and delayed complication of HIFU ablation for uterine fibroids treatment.The patient came to the hospital with abdominal bloating that occurred 6 mo after ultrasound-guided HIFU ablation for managing uterine fibroids.The ventral hernia,which occurred due to atrophied muscle layers following the procedure,was confirmed by imaging studies and intraoperative findings.She required a hernia repair with mesh and hysterectomy for definitive treatment of uterine fibroid.CONCLUSION High-intensity ultrasound ablation should be performed only on appropriate candidates.Patients should be educated about potential complications of the procedure and the possibility of subsequent treatment.Post-procedural long-term follow-up for detecting delayed adverse effects is important.

Renal ablation using magnetic resonance-guided high intensity focused ultrasound: Magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology assessment

AIM: To use magnetic resonance-guided high intensity focused ultrasound(MRg-HIFU), magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and histopathology for noninvasively ablating, quantifying and characterizing ablated renal tissue. METHODS: Six anesthetized/mechanically-ventilated pigs underwent single/double renal sonication(n = 24) using a 3T-MRg-HIFU(1.1 MHz frequency and 3000J-4400 J energies). T2-weighted fast spin echo(T2-W), perfusion saturation recovery gradient echo and contrast enhanced(CE) T1-weighted(T1-W) sequences were used for treatment planning, temperature monitoring, lesion visualization, characterization and quantification, respectively. Histopathology was conducted in excised kidneys to quantify and characterize cellular and vascular changes. Paired Student's t-test was used and a P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS: Ablated renal parenchyma could not be differentiated from normal parenchyma on T2-W or nonCE T1-W sequences. Ablated renal lesions were visible as hypoenhanced regions on perfusion and CE T1-W MRI sequences, suggesting perfusion deficits and necrosis. Volumes of ablated parenchyma on CE T1-W images invivo(0.12-0.36 cm3 for single sonication 3000 J, 0.50-0.84 cm3, for double 3000 J, 0.75-0.78 cm3 for single 4400 J and 0.12-2.65 cm3 for double 4400J) and at postmortem(0.23-0.52 cm3, 0.25-0.82 cm3, 0.45-0.68 cm3 and 0.29-1.80 cm3, respectively) were comparable. The ablated volumes on 3000 J and 4400 J double sonication were significantly larger than single(P < 0.01), thus, the volume and depth of ablated tissue depends on the applied energy and number of sonication. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations confirmed the locations and presence of coagulation necrosis, vascular damage and interstitial hemorrhage, respectively.CONCLUSION: Contrast enhanced MRI provides assessment of MRg-HIFU renal ablation. Histopathology demonstrated coagulation necrosis, vascular damage and confirmed the volume of damage seen on MRI.

Enhancement of antitumor vaccine in ablated hepatocellular carcinoma by high-intensity focused ultrasound

AIM:To investigate whether tumor debris created by high-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)could trigger antitumor immunity in a mouse hepatocellular carcinoma model. METHODS:Twenty C57BL/6J mice bearing H22 hepatocellular carcinoma were used to generate antitumor vaccines.Ten mice underwent HIFU ablation,and the remaining 10 mice received a sham-HIFU procedure with no ultrasound irradiation.Sixty normal mice were randomly divided into HIFU vaccine,tumor vaccine and control groups.These mice were immunized with HIFU-generated vaccine,tumor-generated vaccine,and saline,respectively.In addition,20 mice bearing H22 tumors were successfully treated with HIFU ablation. The protective immunity of the vaccinated mice was investigated before and after a subsequent H22 tumor challenge.Using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay,the cytotoxicity of splenic lymphocytes co-cultured with H22 cells wasdetermined in vitro before the tumor challenge,and tumor volume and survival were measured in vivo after the challenge in each group.The mechanism was also explored by loading the vaccines with bone marrowderived dendritic cells(DCs). RESULTS:Compared to the control,HIFU therapy, tumor-generated and HIFU-generated vaccines significantly increased cytolytic activity against H22 cells in the splenocytes of the vaccinated mice(P<0.001). The tumor volume was significantly smaller in the HIFU vaccine group than in the tumor vaccine group(P <0.05)and control group(P<0.01).However,there was no tumor growth after H22 rechallenge in the HIFU therapy group.Forty-eight-day survival rate was 100%in mice in the HIFU therapy group,30%in both the HIFU vaccine and tumor vaccine groups,and 20% in the control group,indicating that the HIFU-treated mice displayed significantly longer survival than the vaccinated mice in the remaining three groups(P< 0.001).After bone marrow-derived DCs were incubated with HIFU-generated and tumor-generated vaccines, the number of mature DCs expressing MHC-Ⅱ + ,CD80 + and CD86 + molecules was significantly increased,and interleukin-12 and interferon-γlevels were significantly higher in the supernatants when compared with immature DCs incubated with mouse serum(P<0.001). However,no differences of the number of mature DCs and cytokine levels were observed between the HIFU- generated and tumor-generated vaccines(P>0.05). CONCLUSION:Tumor debris remaining after HIFU can improve tumor immunogenicity.This debris releases tumor antigens as an effective vaccine to develop host antitumor immune response after HIFU ablation.

High intensity focused ultrasound: A noninvasive therapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer

The noninvasive ablation of pancreatic cancer with high intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU) energy is received increasingly widespread interest. With rapidly temperature rise to cytotoxic levels within the focal volume of ultrasound beams, HIFU can selectively ablate a targeted lesion of the pancreas without any damage to surrounding or overlying tissues. Preliminary studies suggest that this approach is technical safe and feasible, and can be used alone or in combination with systemic chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. It can effectively alleviate cancer-related abdominal pain, and may confer an additional survival benefit with few significant complications. This review provides a brief overview of HIFU, describes current clinical applications, summarizes characteristics of continuous and pulsed HIFU, and discusses future applications and challenges in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Safety trial of high-intensity focused ultrasound therapy for pancreatic cancer

AIM:To evaluate the safety and clinical application of high-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)therapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer(PC).METHODS:Thirty PC patients(16 cases in stage III and 14 cases in stage IV)with visualized pancreatic tumors were admitted for HIFU therapy as an optional local therapy in addition to systemic chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.Informed consent was obtained.This study began at the end of 2008 and was approved by the ethics committee of our hospital[Institutional Review Board(IRB):890].The HIFU device used was the FEP-BY02(Yuande Bio-Medical Engineering,Beijing,China).RESULTS:The mean tumor size after HIFU therapy changed to 30.9±1.7 mm from 31.7±1.7 mm at pre-therapy.There were no significant changes in tumor size,mean number of treatment sessions(2.7±0.1 mm),or mean total treatment time(2.4±0.1 h).The rate of symptom relief effect was 66.7%.The effectiveness of primary lesion treatment was as follows:complete response,0;partial response,4;stable disease,22;progressive disease,4.Treatment after HIFU therapy included 2 operations,24 chemotherapy treatments,and 4 best supportive care treatments.Adverse events occurred in 10%of cases,namely pseudocyst formation in 2 cases and mild pancreatitis development in 1.However,no severe adverse events occurred in this study.CONCLUSION:We suggest that HIFU therapy is safe and has the potential to be a new method of combination therapy for PC.

Magnetic resonance image-guided versus ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound in the treatment of breast cancer

Image-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been used for more than ten years, primarily in the treatment of liver and prostate cancers. HIFU has the advantages of precise cancer ablation and excellent protection of healthy tissue. Breast cancer is a common cancer in women. HIFU therapy, in combination with other therapies, has the potential to improve both oncologic and cosmetic outcomes for breast cancer patients by providing a curative therapy that conserves mammary shape. Currently, HIFU therapy is not commonly used in breast cancer treatment, and efforts to promote the application of HIFU is expected. In this article, we compare different image-guided models for HIFU and reviewed the status, drawbacks, and potential of HIFU therapy for breast cancer.

Intermittent ice-cooling to prevent skin heat injury caused by highintensity focused ultrasound therapy targeting desmoid-type fibromatosis:A case report

Introduction:Desmoid-type fibromatosis(DF)is a fibrous tumor characterized by low-grade malignant and easy invasive growth and high recurrence.High-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)therapy has been identified as a novel non-invasive approach for DF treatment;however,the ultrasonic energy generated by HIFU can cause skin heat injury.Case:A 31-year-old female patient with signs and symptoms of DF received treatment in our institution.The patient had undergone HIFU treatment six times from April 27,2018,to August 21,2019.After HIFU therapy for the third time,she had a third-degree skin burn showing as orange peel-like change and spent three months to promote the recovery of the skin lesions.An intermittent ice-cooling strategy was used to avoid skin damage during the fourth HIFU treatment.This patient did not have any apparent skin injury during the last three HIFU therapy and acquired satisfactory anti-tumor therapeutic effect.Conclusions:There are differences in the thermal selectivity of tumor tissues,which leads to different critical thermal injury temperature values that the tissue can tolerate.Ice-cooling can lower skin tissue temperature and reduce the thermal damage caused by HIFU treatment.

High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Optimal Device Design for Targeted Prostate Cancer Treatment: A Numerical Study

A parametric study was performed to design a device capable of treating small targeted regions within the prostate using high intensity focused ultrasound, while sparing the surrounding organs and minimizing the number of elements. The optimal focal length (L), operating frequency (f), element size (a) and central opening radius for lodging an imaging probe (r) of a device that would safely treat tissue within the prostate were obtained. Images from the Visible Human Project were used to determine simulated organ sizes and treatment locations. Elliptical tumors were placed throughout the simulated prostate and their lateral and axial limits were selected as test locations. Using graphics processors, the acoustic field and Bio-Heat Transfer Equation were solved to calculate the heating produced during a simulated treatment. L, f, a and r were varied from 45 to 75 mm, 2.25 to 3 MHz, 1.5 to 8 times the wavelength and 9 to 12.5 mm, respectively. The resulting optimal device was a 761-element concentric-ring transducer with L = 68 mm, f = 2.75 MHz, a = 2.05λ and r = 9 mm. Simulated thermal lesions showed that it was possible to treat target tumors consistent with reported locations and sizes for prostate cancer.

High-intensity focused ultrasound strategies for treating prostate cancer

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a significant health concern globally, necessitating effective treatment options. Typical treatment methods for early stage, particularly localized PCa, encompass radical procedures, such as radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiotherapy (RT), and nonradical focal therapy (FT). FT is a focused approach mainly used for treating small lesions limited to a specific zone of the prostate. Its objective is to achieve cancer control when minimizing damage to benign tissue. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is one of the most used modalities in FT for the management of PCa. The progress in HIFU technology showcases continuous advancements, offering clinicians a variety of strategies to cater to diverse patient requirements. The advancements include the development of transrectal and transurethral HIFU machines that offer enhanced treatment distances, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) fusion capabilities, real-time monitoring, and precise ablation. These improvements contribute to increased treatment effectiveness and better outcomes for patients. This narrative review aims to summarize the use of HIFU technology and its evolution, offering diverse options to clinicians, and explores the safety, effectiveness, and quality of different HIFU strategies, such as whole-gland ablation, hemigland ablation, and focal ablation. We conclude that nonwhole-gland HIFU offers similar cancer control with better short-term functional outcomes and fewer complications compared to whole-gland ablation. Combining HIFU with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) improves urinary function and reduces catheterization time. Focal ablation and hemigland ablation show promise in achieving cancer control when preserving continence and potency.

高强度聚焦超声消融联合屈螺酮炔雌醇片治疗子宫腺肌病患者的临床疗效及对血管生成因子和子宫动脉血流动力学的影响

目的探究高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)消融联合屈螺酮炔雌醇片治疗子宫腺肌病(AD)患者的效果及对血管生成因子和子宫动脉血流动力学的影响。方法选取2021年2月—2023年2月成都市第五人民医院妇产科诊治的AD患者104例为研究对象,利用随机数字表法分为单一组(n=52)和联用组(n=52)。单一组采用HIFU消融治疗,联用组在单一组的基础上继续服用屈螺酮炔雌醇片治疗,治疗12周后,比较2组的临床疗效、血清血管生成因子[血管生成素-2(Ang-2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、脂联素(ADPN)]、卵巢相关指标[雌激素(E_(2))、促卵泡激素(FSH)、抗苗勒管激素(AMH)、黄体生成素(LH)]水平、子宫动脉血流动力学[(血流速度峰值(PSV)、舒张期末血流速度(EDV)、搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)]、子宫体积、病灶体积及直径、临床症状(月经周期变化、经期延长、经血成块、月经量增多、日间尿频、乏力、痛经、盆腔疼痛、夜间尿频)评分以及不良反应发生率。结果联用组治疗总有效率高于单一组(90.38%vs.75.00%,χ^(2)/P=4.300/0.038);治疗后2组的Ang-2、VEGF、E_(2)、AMH、FSH、LH、PSV、EDV、RI、子宫体积、病灶体积、病灶直径水平、临床症状评分均较治疗前降低,且联用组低于单一组(t/P=3.340/0.001、5.125/<0.001、4.427/<0.001、9.381/<0.001、2.313/0.023、9.795/<0.001、3.149/0.002、3.584/0.001、2.139/0.035、4.151/<0.001、15.493/<0.001、8.814/<0.001、6.605/<0.001、4.583/<0.001、9.112/<0.001、7.522/<0.001、5.427/<0.001、3.425/0.001、4.084/<0.001、8.209/<0.001);治疗后2组的ADPN、PI较治疗前升高,且联用组显著高于单一组(t/P=2.659/0.002、2.801/0.006);2组患者的不良反应总发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论AD患者经HIFU消融联合屈螺酮炔雌醇治疗后临床症状显著改善,其血管生成因子、血流动力学水平显著降低,安全性较高。

中药联合聚焦超声消融手术治疗子宫肌瘤临床观察

目的:观察中药联合聚焦超声消融手术治疗子宫肌瘤的近期和远期疗效,以及对生殖激素的影响。方法:选取拟行聚焦超声消融手术(FUAS)的子宫肌瘤患者86例为研究对象,治疗组45例予FUAS联合中药治疗,对照组41例单纯予FUAS。另选行全子宫切除术的子宫肌瘤患者29例为切除术组。比较对照组与切除术组治疗前后生殖激素变化,比较治疗组与对照组子宫肌瘤体积变化、PBAC评分。结果:术后对照组FSH、LH、E2水平与术前比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),切除术组FSH、LH水平较术前有所升高(P<0.05)。术后治疗组与对照组子宫肌瘤总体积较术前均明显缩小,治疗组较对照组肌瘤缩小更显著;两组月经PBAC评分较术前均有明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:聚焦超声消融手术治疗子宫肌瘤能有效缩小肌瘤体积,对患者卵巢内分泌功能无明显影响。中药联合FUAS能够更有效缩小肌瘤体积,改善月经量和临床症状。

高强度聚焦超声消融术联合桂枝茯苓丸治疗子宫肌瘤45例临床观察

目的:观察高强度聚焦超声消融术(HIFUA)联合桂枝茯苓丸治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效。方法:选取2020年1月—8月在江西省妇幼保健院住院治疗、年龄大于18岁、术前中医辨证属血瘀型的未绝经子宫肌瘤患者90例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各45例。观察组先行HIFUA治疗,术后口服桂枝茯苓丸3个月,对照组单纯采用HIFUA治疗。2组患者手术后1个月、3个月复查妇科B超,比较2组患者症状及生活质量改善情况。结果:(1)2组术后1个月、3个月子宫肌瘤缩小率比较,观察组均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)2组术后1个月、3个月子宫肌瘤症状评分比较,观察组下降程度均优于对照组,健康相关生活质量问卷评分比较,观察组提高程度优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:与单用HIFUA相比,HIFUA联合桂枝茯苓丸治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效更显著,肌瘤体积缩小率更大,症状及生活质量改善更明显,值得临床推广。

A review on radiofrequency,microwave and high-intensity focused ultrasound ablations for hepatocellular carcinoma with cirrhosis

Importance:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is usually accompanied by liver cirrhosis,which makes treatment of this disease challenging.Liver transplantation theoretically provides an ultimate solution to the disease,but the maximal surgical stress and the scarcity of liver graft make this treatment option impossible for some patients.In an ideal situation,a treatment that is safe and effective should provide a better outcome for patients with the dilemma.Objective:This article aims to give a comprehensive review of various types of loco-ablative treatment for HCC.Evidence Review:Loco-ablative treatment bridges the gap between surgical resection and transarterial chemotherapy.Various types of ablative therapy have their unique ability,and evidence-based outcome analysis is the most important key to assisting clinicians to choose the most suitable treatment modality for their patients.Findings:Radiofrequency ablation(RFA)has a relatively longer history and more evidence to support its effectiveness.Microwave ablation(MWA)is gaining momentum because of its shorter ablation time and consistent ablation zone.High-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)ablation is a relatively new technology that provides non-invasive treatment for patients with HCC.It has been carried out at centers of excellence and it is a safe and effective treatment option for selected patients with HCC and liver cirrhosis.Conclusion and Relevance:Selective use of different loco-ablative therapies will enhance clinicians’treatment options for treatment of HCC.

High-intensity focused ultrasound with large scale spherical phased array for the ablation of deep tumors

Under some circumstances surgical resection is feasible in a low percentage for the treatment of deep tumors. Nevertheless, high-intensity focused ultrasound （HIFU） is beginning to offer a potential noninvasive alternative to conventional therapies for the treatment of deep tumors. In our previous study, a large scale spherical HIFU-phased array was developed to ablate deep tumors. In the current study, taking into account the required focal depth and maximum acoustic power output, 90 identical circular PZT-8 elements （diameter=1.4 cm and frequency=l MHz） were mounted on a spherical shell with a radius of curvature of 18 cm and a diameter of 21 cm. With the developed array, computer simulations and ex vivo experiments were carried out. The simulation results theoretically demonstrate the ability of the array to focus and steer in the specified volume （a 2 cm×2 cm×3 cm volume） at the focal depth of 15 to 18 cm. Ex vivo experiment results also verify the capability of the developed array to ablate deep target tissue by either moving single focal point or generating multiple foci simultaneously.

Cardiac ablation by transesophageal high intensity focused ultrasound

Cardiac ablation is an important modality of invasive therapy in modem cardiology, especially in the treatment of arrhythmias, as well as other diseases such as hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy （HOCM）. Since Huang et alI used radiofrequency （RF） to ablate canine atrial ventricular junction, RF has developed into the leading energy source in catheter ablation of arrhythmias. However, there are several limitations associated with RF ablation, one of which is that it requires good contact and the depth of the lesion formed is usually limited. Thus, it is often very difficult to ablate arrhythmias originated at the epicardium with a routine endocardial RF delivery.

海信CAS辅助下高强度聚焦超声消融治疗晚期胰腺癌效果

目的探讨海信计算机辅助系统(CAS)辅助下高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗胰腺癌的效果。方法选取2020年1月-2021年5月于我院拟行HIFU治疗的22例胰腺癌患者。术前采用海信CAS将二维CT图像进行三维重建,明确胰腺肿瘤与周围肠道、脏器的毗邻关系,通过实体瘤疗效评价标准评价局部消融疗效,并记录患者术后并发症发生情况。结果海信CAS数字化三维重建结果可清晰显示胰腺肿瘤与周围肠道、脏器的毗邻关系,协助实现精准消融。22例胰腺癌患者中完全缓解率为9.1%,部分缓解率为68.2%,疾病稳定率为13.6%,疾病进展率为9.1%。所有患者在HIFU术后均未出现胃肠道穿孔、急性胰腺炎、胰瘘及消化道出血等严重并发症,仅1例患者出现浅Ⅱ度皮肤灼伤。结论海信CAS辅助下HIFU治疗晚期胰腺癌效果较好,值得在临床推广。

聚焦超声消融手术治疗子宫腺肌病术后冰敷骶尾部减轻疼痛的疗效分析

目的:探讨聚焦超声消融手术(FUAS)治疗子宫腺肌病术后使用冰袋冰敷患者骶尾部减轻骶尾部疼痛的有效性。方法:选取110例采用FUAS治疗的子宫腺肌病患者为研究对象,根据患者术后是否采用骶尾部冰敷分为两组。冰敷组:术后即刻俯卧位,给予冰袋间断冰敷骶尾部;常规护理组:术后即刻俯卧位,给予常规护理。采用数字评定量表(NRS)比较两组患者术后2、6、24 h骶尾部疼痛的发生率及疼痛程度及术后24 h复查盆腔核磁共振(MRI),比较两组患者术后骶尾部水肿发生率。结果:所有研究对象均顺利完成FUAS治疗,常规护理组1例患者因术后疼痛明显给予盐酸哌替啶止痛,最终冰敷组纳入55例,常规护理组纳入54例。两组患者的一般资料、子宫腺肌病特征及FUAS治疗参数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后2、6、24 h,冰敷组骶尾部疼痛发生率及骶尾部疼痛NRS评分均低于常规护理组(P<0.05),术后冰敷组骶尾部水肿的发生率低于常规护理组(P<0.05)。结论:FUAS治疗子宫腺肌病术后即刻冰敷骶尾部可降低骶尾部疼痛和骶尾部水肿的发生率,减轻骶尾部疼痛的程度。

高强度聚焦超声联合热球子宫内膜消融治疗子宫腺肌病相关月经过多的临床研究

目的:探讨高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)联合热球子宫内膜消融(TBEA)治疗子宫腺肌病(AM)相关月经过多的疗效和安全性。方法:回顾性分析2021年1月至2022年12月在绵阳市中心医院就诊的AM合并月经过多患者77例的临床资料。根据不同的治疗方案分为HIFU联合TBEA组(HIFU+TBEA组,n=26)和HIFU联合促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)及左炔诺孕酮宫内节育系统(LNG-IUS)(HIFU+药物组,n=51)。以HIFU治疗后不同随访时间点月经失血图(PBAC)评分作为主要结局指标,以痛经数字评定量表(NRS)评分、肿瘤糖类抗原125(CA 125)水平、再干预率、治疗有效率和不良反应情况作为次要结局指标。通过比较两组治疗前与治疗后不同时间结局指标的差异,评价HIFU联合TBEA治疗AM相关月经过多的疗效和安全性。结果:与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后PBAC评分、NRS评分及CA 125均有显著下降(P<0.05)。与HIFU+药物组比较,HIFU+TBEA组治疗后6、9、12月PBAC评分更低(P<0.05),治疗后1、3月PBAC评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者治疗后1、3、6、9、12月NRS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。HIFU+TBEA组(11.54%)和HIFU+药物组(21.57%)治疗后再干预率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。HIFU+TBEA组(80.77%)和HIFU+药物组(70.59%)治疗总有效率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者治疗后的不良反应国际介入放射治疗协会(SIR)分类均在A~B级,无严重不良事件发生。结论:HIFU联合TBEA治疗AM相关月经过多具有较好的疗效和安全性,可作为无生育需求尤其是合并月经过多AM患者的一种长期管理方案,具有较好的临床应用价值。