The Effects of High-intensity Pulsed Electromagnetic Field on Proliferation and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells of Neonatal Rats in vitro

The effects of high-intensity pulsed electromagnetic stimulation （HIPEMS） on proliferation and differentiation of neonatal rat neural stem cells in vitro were investigated. Neural stem cells derived from neonatal rats were exposed to 0.1 Hz, 0.5–10 Tesla （T） [8 groups of B–I, respectively], 5 stimuli of HIPEMF. The sham exposure controls were correspondingly established. Inverted phase contrast microscope was used to observe the cultured cells, MTT assay to detect the viability of the cells as expressed by absorbance （A） value, and flow cytometry to measure differentiation of neural stem cells. The results showed that A values of neural stem cells in both 3.0 T and 4.0 T groups were significantly higher than the other groups 24 to 168 h post HPEMS, indicating a strong promotion of the growth of neural stem cells （P〈0.05）. The A values of neural stem cells in the 6.0 T, 8.0 T, and 10.0 T groups were lower than the sham exposure control group, indicating a restraint of the growth of neural stem cells. The rate of neuron-specific enolase-positive neurons revealed by flow cytometry in HPEMS groups was the same as that in control group （P〉0.05）. It was suggested that 0.1 Hz, 5 pulses stimulation of HPEMS within certain scale of intensity （0.5–10.0 T）, significantly promoted the growth of neural stem cells with the rational intensity being 4.0 T.

Numerical study on the thermo-stress of ZrO_2 thermal barrier coatings by high-intensity pulsed ion beam irradiation

This paper studies numerically the thermo-mechanical effects of ZrO2 thermal barrier coatings （TBCs） irradiated by a high-intensity pulsed ion beam in consideration of the surface structure. Taking the deposited energy of ion beams in TBCs as the source term in the thermal conduction equation, the distribution of temperature in TBCs was simulated. Then, based on the distribution, the evolution of thermal stress was calculated by the finite element method. The results show that tensile radial stress formed at the valley of TBC surfaces after irradiation by HIPIB. Therefore, if cracks happen, they must be at valleys instead of peaks. As for the stress waves, no matter whether through peak or valley position, tensile and compressive stresses are present alternately inside TBCs along the depth direction, and the strength of stress decreases with time.

Numerical Study on the Two-Dimensional Temperature Fields of Titanium/Aluminum Double-Layer Target Irradiated by High-Intensity Pulsed Ion Beam

Interaction between high-intensity pulsed ion beam （HIPIB） and a double-layer target with titanium film on top of aluminum substrate was simulated. The two-dimensional nonlinear thermal conduction equations, with the deposited energy in the target taken as source term, were derived and solved by finite differential method. As a result, the two-dimensional spatial and temporal evolution profiles of temperature were obtained for a titanium/aluminum double-layer target irradiated by a pulse of HIPIB. The effects of ion beam current density on the phase state of the target materials near the film and substrate interface were analyzed. Both titanium and aluminum were melted near the interface after a shot when the ion beam current density fell in the range of 100 A/cm2 to 200 A/cm2.

High temperature cyclic oxidation behavior of Y_2O_3-ZrO_2 thermal barrier coatings irradiated by high-intensity pulsed ion beam

The high-temperature oxidation resistance behavior of 7% （mass fraction） Y203-ZrO2 thermal barrier coatings （TBCs） irradiated by high-intensity pulsed ion beam （HIPIB） was investigated under the cyclic oxidation condition of 1 050 ℃ and 1 h. The columnar grains in the TBCs disappear after the HIPIB irradiation at ion current densities of 100-200 A/cm^2 and the irradiated surface becomes smooth and densified after remelting and ablation due to the HIPIB irradiation. The thermally grown oxide （TGO） layer thickness of the irradiated TBCs is smaller than that of the original TBCs. After 15 cycles, the mass gains of the original TBCs and those irradiated by ion current densities of 100 and 200 A/cm^2 due to the oxidation are found to be 0.8-0.9, 0.6-0.7, and 0.3-0.4 mg/cm^2, respectively. The inward diffusion of oxygen through the irradiated TBCs is significantly impeded by the densified top layer formed due to irradiation, which is the main reason for the improved overall oxidation resistance of the irradiated TBCs.

Effect of Pulsed Ultraviolet Light on the Total Phenol Content of Elderberry (<i>Sambucus nigra</i>) Fruit

The changes in total polyphenolics in elderberry (Sambucus nigra) following treatment with various doses of pulsed ultraviolet rays (UV) were investigated. Four pulsed UV durations (5, 10, 20, 30 seconds) at three energy dosages (4500, 6000, 11,000 J/m2/pulse) were considered for the research. All treated elderberry fruits were incubated for 24 h at room temperature (25℃) following treatment to ensure enough response duration for enhanced development of polyphenols by the berries. The highest increase in total phenolics around 50% was found with 11,000 J/m2/pulse for a 10 seconds treatment while nearly 40% increase in total phenolics was found at an energy dosage of 11,000 J/m2/pulse after 5 seconds exposure. Even though most of the treatments indicated an increase in total polyphenols, some treatment expressed a decrease in phenolics content when compared to untreated fruits.

Heating of Nanosized Liquid Water in High-Intensity Terahertz Pulses

Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of liquid water in picosecond high-power terahertz pulses are performed by using a non-polarizable potential model. Numerical results show that the energy absorption of water molecules exhibits a pronounced resonance with THz pulses in the frequency range of 14-17 THz. With the THz pulse at resonant frequencies, the maximum temperature is about 562 K by heating the water at room temperature. Further investigation indicates that the results are independent of the size of the nanoscale water box. The efficiency of energy transfer by resonant absorption is more than seven times of microwave heating. These studies show promising applications of ultrashort THz pulses.

Ultraviolet Source Assisted Enhancement of Attosecond Pulse

A promising method to improve the attosecond pulse intensity has been theoretically pre- sented by properly adding an ultraviolet pulse into the orthogonal two-color field. The results show that by properly adding a 125 nm ultraviolet pulse to the orthogonal two-color field, not only the harmonic yield is enhanced by 2 orders of magnitude compared with the original orthogonal two-color field case, but also the single short quantum path, which is selected to contribute to the harmonic spectrum, results in an ultrabroad 152 eV bandwidth. Moreover, by optimizing the laser parameters, we find that the harmonic enhancement is not very sen- sitive to the pulse duration and the polarized angle of the assisted ultraviolet pulse, which is much better for experimental realization. As a result, an isolated pulse with duration of 38 as can be obtained, which is 2 orders of magnitude improvement in comparison with the original two-color orthogonal field case.

The 266-nm ultraviolet-beam generation of all-fiberized super-large-mode-area narrow-linewidth nanosecond amplifier with tunable pulse width and repetition rate

We report on a compact, stable, all-fiberized narrow-linewidth(0.045 nm) pulsed laser source emitting laser beam with a wavelength of 266 nm, and tunable pulse width and repetition rate. The system is based on all-fiberized nanosecond amplifier architecture, which consists of Yb-doped fiber preamplifiers and a super-large-mode-area Yb-doped fiber power amplifier. The fiber amplifier with a core of 50 μm is used to raise the threshold of the stimulated Brillouin scattering(SBS) effect and to obtain high output power and single pulse energy. Using lithium triborate(LBO) crystal and betabarium borate(BBO) crystal for realizing the second-harmonic generation(SHG) and fourth-harmonic generation(FHG),we achieve 17 μJ(1.73 W) and 0.66 μJ(66 mW), respectively, at wavelengths of 532 nm and 266 nm and a repetition rate of 100 kHz with pulse width of 4 ns. This source has great potential applications in fluorescence research and solar-blind ultraviolet optical communication.

紫外光非直视通信研究进展

紫外光技术在军事和民用领域有着广泛的应用,如空间探测、紫外光制导、紫外干扰、电晕放电检测和军事通信等领域。文章从紫外光的单次和多次散射出发,介绍了紫外光通信的国内外进展,分析了紫外光通信中的不同链路情况,针对非直视链路紫外通信的脉冲展宽效应和大气湍流影响进行了探讨,总结了紫外光Ad Hoc网络,最后对紫外光通信的发展进行了展望。

基于差分脉冲伏安法快速检测花椒油树脂中的麻味物质

麻味物质含量是花椒油树脂的重要品质指标,文章基于电化学原理中的差分脉冲伏安法首次建立了一种采用未修饰的丝网印刷电极测定花椒油树脂中麻味物质的快速检测方法,通过优化电化学工作站中的富集时间、电压以及待测液中的甲醇占比、pH值,并以紫外分光光度计检测法为对照构建出了该方法。结果表明,以未修饰的丝网印刷电极检测花椒油树脂中麻味物质的适宜条件:富集时间为120 s,富集电压为0.2 V,甲醇在待测液中占比小于5%,pH值为1,2,3,山椒素的电流值与其浓度在2~50 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系(R^(2)=0.999),加标回收率在97.60%~108.40%之间,检出限为0.22 mg/L。经验证,该方法与行业标准GH/T 1290—2020方法具有良好的检测一致性(RSD=4.75%),建立的快速检测方法既具有操作简单、方便快速的优点,又兼具传统方法的准确性与重复性,因此可以作为花椒及其制品中麻味物质的快速检测方法进行科学研究与企业生产实践,且有望基于该方法开发出便携式麻味物质快速检测仪器。

基于脉冲电流和紫外脉冲的多源局部放电诊断方法

本研究提出了一种基于脉冲电流法和紫外脉冲法联合检测的多源局部放电诊断方法,针对4种基本缺陷模型,搭建了开关柜多源局部放电实验平台。对联合检测得到的局部放电信息特征进行提取并构建数据库,使用k近邻(KNN)算法和有向无环图支持向量机(DAG-SVMs)算法对局部放电类型进行识别。结果表明:脉冲电流法测得的放电图谱中放电次数和放电量的变化与模型中缺陷种类有关,气隙、沿面缺陷的引入使放电量增大和图谱对称性提高,电晕缺陷的引入使放电次数增多;紫外脉冲法测得的放电脉冲数与多源放电模型中缺陷个数和缺陷的紫外/可见光比值有关,缺陷个数和紫外/可见光比值越高,放电脉冲数越大;KNN算法识别准确率最高可达到99.67%。

Development of gated fiber detectors for laser-induced strong electromagnetic pulse environments

With the development of laser technologies,nuclear reactions can happen in high-temperature plasma environments induced by lasers and have attracted a lot of attention from different physical disciplines.However,studies on nuclear reactions in plasma are still limited by detecting technologies.This is mainly due to the fact that extremely high electromagnetic pulses(EMPs)can also be induced when high-intensity lasers hit targets to induce plasma,and then cause dysfunction of many types of traditional detectors.Therefore,new particle detecting technologies are highly needed.In this paper,we report a recently developed gated fiber detector which can be used in harsh EMP environments.In this prototype detector,scintillating photons are coupled by fiber and then transferred to a gated photomultiplier tube which is located far away from the EMP source and shielded well.With those measures,the EMPs can be avoided which may result that the device has the capability to identify a single event of nuclear reaction products generated in laser-induced plasma from noise EMP backgrounds.This new type of detector can be widely used as a time-of-flight(TOF)detector in high-intensity laser nuclear physics experiments for detecting neutrons,photons,and other charged particles.

Attosecond pulse generation from two-electron harmonic emission spectrum

In this paper, we theoretically investigate the high-order harmonic generation and attosecond pulse generation when a two-electron He atom is exposed to the intense laser pulse. It shows that due to the two-electron double recombination mechanism, an extended plateau beyond the classical single-electron harmonic has been obtained on the two-electron harmonic spectrum. Further by using this two-electron harmonic extension scheme combined with the two-color field, two supercontinuum bandwidths with 200 e V have been obtained. As a result, a series of sub-60 as extreme ultraviolet（XUV）pulses have been directly generated.

Yield enhancement of elliptical high harmonics driven by bicircular laser pulses

We theoretically investigate the yield enhancement of elliptical high harmonics in the interaction of molecules with bicircular laser pulses by solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation.It is shown that by adjusting the relative intensity ratio of the two bicircular field components in specific ranges the yield of the molecular high harmonics for the plateau and cutoff regions can be respectively enhanced.To analyze this enhancement phenomenon,we calculate the weights of the electron classical trajectories.Additionally,we also study the ellipticity distribution of harmonics for different intensity ratios.We find that these enhanced harmonics are elliptically polarized,which we mainly attribute to the recombination dipole moment of the major weighted trajectories.These enhanced elliptical extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray radiations may serve as essential tools for exploring the ultrafast dynamics in magnetic materials and chiral media.

Effects of dispersion and filtering induced by periodic multilayer mirrors reflection on attosecond pulses

Using temporal and spectral methods,the effects of dispersion and filtering induced by Mo/Si multilayer mirrors reflection on incident attosecond pulses were studied.First,two temporal parameters,the pulse broadening factor,and the energy loss factor,were defined to evaluate the effects of dispersion and filtering.Then,by analyzing these temporal parameters,we investigated and compared the dispersion and filtering effects on attosecond pulses.In addition,we explored the origins of pulse broadening and energy loss by analyzing the spectral and temporal characteristics of periodic Mo/Si multilayer mirrors.The results indicate that the filtering effect induced by Mo/Si multilayer mirrors reflection is the dominant reason for pulse broadening and energy loss.

碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料表面的紫外激光清洗微观形貌

胶接预处理是航空复合材料胶接中的重要工序,经过预处理的复合材料表面形貌将直接影响材料的胶接强度。本文基于复合材料紫外脉冲激光清洗技术,通过分析不同工艺参数组合下的材料表面激光清洗微观形貌,来探究紫外激光功率和扫描速度对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer,CFRP)表面形貌的影响,并比较了经激光预处理和其他方法预处理的胶结试片的单搭接剪切强度。结果表明:当激光频率为60 kHz,扫描速度为300 mm/s时,随着激光功率的增大,CFRP板材表面和间隙的树脂均得到清除,当激光功率增大到8.5 W时,纤维间的树脂被完全清除,当激光功率为13.6 W时,表面树脂和纤维间的树脂均被完全清除;当激光频率为30 kHz,激光功率为13.6 W时,随着激光扫描速度的增大,表层的残留树脂增多,当激光扫描速度为500 mm/s时,碳纤维完整性良好,表层树脂分布均匀且纤维间树脂被完全清除。力学测试显示经适当的紫外激光清洗处理(激光频率为30 kHz,功率为13.6 W,扫描速度为500 mm/s)后,单搭接胶结试片性能可达到与可剥布处理相当的水平,且性能数据离散性(CV值)显著优化。

深紫外飞秒激光脉宽测量

为准确测量193 nm深紫外飞秒激光的脉冲宽度,基于氟化钙的双光子荧光效应,设计并搭建了用于紫外飞秒激光脉冲的脉宽测量系统。双光子荧光信号强度与入射激光光强的平方依赖关系证明了获得双光子荧光信号的可靠性。利用插入法进行了CCD探测系统的数值标定,获得单像素对应的时间尺度为7.35 fs。单脉冲测量下,得到193 nm深紫外飞秒激光的脉宽为476.1 fs,与利用光谱法进行测量计算得到的结果基本吻合。

Amplification of 200-ps high-intensity laser pulses via frequency matching stimulated Brillouin scattering

Laser pulses of 200 ps with extremely high intensities and high energies are sufficient to satisfy the demand of shock ignition,which is an alternative path to ignition in inertial confinement fusion(ICF).This paper reports a type of Brillouin scheme to obtain high-intensity 200-ps laser pulses,where the pulse durations are a challenge for conventional pulsed laser amplification systems.In the amplification process,excited Brillouin acoustic waves fulfill the nonlinear optical effect through which the high energy of a long pump pulse is entirely transferred to a 200-ps laser pulse.This method was introduced and achieved within the SG-Ⅲprototype system in China.Compared favorably with the intensity of 2 GW/cm^2 in existing ICF laser drivers,a 6.96-GW/cm^2 pulse with a width of 170 ps was obtained in our experiment.The practical scalability of the results to larger ICF laser drivers is discussed.

燃料油中硫含量的在线检测技术

面对日益增长的环境污染带来的挑战,尤其是车用燃料油带来硫化物颗粒导致PM2.5居高不下问题,国家相关部门发布了新的国家车用汽油标准(即国五标准),要求从2017年1月1日起,在中国市场上销售的车用汽油含硫量不能高于10ppm。如何贯彻新的燃油标准,确保所提供油品质量,并实时监测脱硫装置、在线调和装置的运行效率,成为众多炼油企业的难题。采用脉冲紫外荧光技术的在线总硫分析仪为人们提供了可靠的选择。希望通过对新标准的解读,使人们了解可靠总硫检测手段,对在线总硫分析仪有一个清晰的认知以及在炼油企业中的成功应用,为过程控制和产品质量提供更好的解决方案。