Tunable spectral continuous shift of high-order harmonic generation in atoms by a plasmon-assisted shaping pulse

We delve into the phenomenon of high-order harmonic generation within a helium atom under the influence of a plasmon-assisted shaping pulse.Our findings reveal an intriguing manipulation of the frequency peak position in the harmonic emission by adjusting the absolute phase parameter within the frequency domain of the shaping pulse.This phenomenon holds potential significance for experimental setups necessitating precisely tuned single harmonics.Notably,we observe a modulated shift in the created harmonic photon energy,spanning an impressive range of 1.2 eV.This frequency peak shift is rooted in the asymmetry exhibited by the rising and falling edges of the laser pulse,directly influencing the position of the peak frequency emission.Our study quantifies the dependence of this tuning range and the asymmetry of the laser pulse,offering valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms driving this phenomenon.Furthermore,our investigation uncovers the emergence of semi-integer order harmonics as the phase parameter is altered.We attribute this discovery to the intricate interference between harmonics generated by the primary and secondary return cores.This observation introduces an innovative approach for generating semi-integer order harmonics,thus expanding our understanding of high-order harmonic generation.Ultimately,our work contributes to the broader comprehension of complex phenomena in laser-matter interactions and provides a foundation for harnessing these effects in various applications,particularly those involving precise spectral control and the generation of unique harmonic patterns.

Elliptically polarized high-order harmonic generation of Ar atom in an intense laser field

High-order harmonic generation(HHG) of Ar atom in an elliptically polarized intense laser field is experimentally investigated in this work.Interestingly,the anomalous ellipticity dependence on the laser ellipticity(ε) in the lower-order harmonics is observed,specifically in the 13rd-order,which displays a maximal harmonic intensity at ε ≈ 0.1,rather than at ε = 0 as expected.This contradicts the general trend of harmonic yield,which typically decreases with the increase of laser ellipticity.In this study,we attribute this phenomenon to the disruption of the symmetry of the wave function by the Coulomb effect,leading to the generation of a harmonic with high ellipticity.This finding provides valuable insights into the behavior of elliptically polarized harmonics and opens up a potential way for exploring new applications in ultrafast spectroscopy and light–matter interactions.

High-order Bragg forward scattering and frequency shift of low-frequency underwater acoustic field by moving rough sea surface

Acoustic scattering modulation caused by an undulating sea surface on the space-time dimension seriously affects underwater detection and target recognition.Herein,underwater acoustic scattering modulation from a moving rough sea surface is studied based on integral equation and parabolic equation.And with the principles of grating and constructive interference,the mechanism of this acoustic scattering modulation is explained.The periodicity of the interference of moving rough sea surface will lead to the interference of the scattering field at a series of discrete angles,which will form comb-like and frequency-shift characteristics on the intensity and the frequency spectrum of the acoustic scattering field,respectively,which is a high-order Bragg scattering phenomenon.Unlike the conventional Doppler effect,the frequency shifts of the Bragg scattering phenomenon are multiples of the undulating sea surface frequency and are independent of the incident sound wave frequency.Therefore,even if a low-frequency underwater acoustic field is incident,it will produce obvious frequency shifts.Moreover,under the action of ideal sinusoidal waves,swells,fully grown wind waves,unsteady wind waves,or mixed waves,different moving rough sea surfaces create different acoustic scattering processes and possess different frequency shift characteristics.For the swell wave,which tends to be a single harmonic wave,the moving rough sea surface produces more obvious high-order scattering and frequency shifts.The same phenomena are observed on the sea surface under fully grown wind waves,however,the frequency shift slightly offsets the multiple peak frequencies of the wind wave spectrum.Comparing with the swell and fully-grown wind waves,the acoustic scattering and frequency shift are not obvious for the sea surface under unsteady wind waves.

High-order harmonic generation of ZnO crystals in chirped and static electric fields

High harmonic generation in ZnO crystals under chirped single-color field and static electric field are investigated by solving the semiconductor Bloch equation(SBE). It is found that when the chirp pulse is introduced, the interference structure becomes obvious while the harmonic cutoff is not extended. Furthermore, the harmonic efficiency is improved when the static electric field is included. These phenomena are demonstrated by the classical recollision model in real space affected by the waveform of laser field and inversion symmetry. Specifically, the electron motion in k-space shows that the change of waveform and the destruction of the symmetry of the laser field lead to the incomplete X-structure of the crystal-momentum-resolved(k-resolved) inter-band harmonic spectrum. Furthermore, a pre-acceleration process in the solid four-step model is confirmed.

Observer-based robust high-order fully actuated attitude autopilot design for spinning glide-guided projectiles

This paper investigates the design of an attitude autopilot for a dual-channel controlled spinning glideguided projectile(SGGP),addressing model uncertainties and external disturbances.Based on fixed-time stable theory,a disturbance observer with integral sliding mode and adaptive techniques is proposed to mitigate total disturbance effects,irrespective of initial conditions.By introducing an error integral signal,the dynamics of the SGGP are transformed into two separate second-order fully actuated systems.Subsequently,employing the high-order fully actuated approach and a parametric approach,the nonlinear dynamics of the SGGP are recast into a constant linear closed-loop system,ensuring that the projectile's attitude asymptotically tracks the given goal with the desired eigenstructure.Under the proposed composite control framework,the ultimately uniformly bounded stability of the closed-loop system is rigorously demonstrated via the Lyapunov method.Validation of the effectiveness of the proposed attitude autopilot design is provided through extensive numerical simulations.

Arbitrary High-Order Fully-Decoupled Numerical Schemes for Phase-Field Models of Two-Phase Incompressible Flows

Due to the coupling between the hydrodynamic equation and the phase-field equation in two-phase incompressible flows,it is desirable to develop efficient and high-order accurate numerical schemes that can decouple these two equations.One popular and efficient strategy is to add an explicit stabilizing term to the convective velocity in the phase-field equation to decouple them.The resulting schemes are only first-order accurate in time,and it seems extremely difficult to generalize the idea of stabilization to the second-order or higher version.In this paper,we employ the spectral deferred correction method to improve the temporal accuracy,based on the first-order decoupled and energy-stable scheme constructed by the stabilization idea.The novelty lies in how the decoupling and linear implicit properties are maintained to improve the efficiency.Within the framework of the spatially discretized local discontinuous Galerkin method,the resulting numerical schemes are fully decoupled,efficient,and high-order accurate in both time and space.Numerical experiments are performed to validate the high-order accuracy and efficiency of the methods for solving phase-field models of two-phase incompressible flows.

改进Mask R-CNN的馆藏报纸图像内容分割

开展馆藏报纸图像内容分割研究,能提升文字识别准确率,对促进机器识别取代人工操作、提高图书馆数字化工作效率具有重要意义。文章根据报纸图像呈现的特征,提出一种基于改进MaskR-CNN的算法,实现报纸图像内容分割。首先,通过优化锚框比例和损失函数,对原始MaskR-CNN算法进行改进。其次,采用数据增强、调整训练参数开展样本训练。最后,通过实验的方式对改进后的MaskR-CNN算法训练模型和原始算法训练模型进行比较,并采用AP_bbox和AP_segm评价指标对实验结果进行评估,改进后的算法训练模型AP_bbox为0.935,AP_segm为0.943,均超过原始算法训练模型。实验结果表明,改进后的MaskR-CNN算法能够实现报纸图像内容有效检测与分割。

基于Mask R-CNN的电力关键设备运行状态检测

为判断电力关键设备两端负载电压与干路总电压之间的数值关系,提出基于Mask R-CNN的电力关键设备运行状态检测方法。在Mask R-CNN网络结构中,判断电量信号的时域范围与频域范围。然后根据负荷阻抗特征计算交流参数的取值结果,再联合已获取的电信号参量,求解连续相关函数,从而检测电力关键设备运行状态。实验过程中,设备两端负载电压、内阻消耗电压之和与干路总电压之间的差值未超过1.5 V,说明该方法能够证明电力关键设备两端负载电压、内阻消耗电压之和等于干路总电压数值的猜想成立,可以根据该验证检测电力关键设备运行状态是否正常。

改进Mask RCNN的盾构隧道渗漏水检测方法

渗漏水是盾构隧道结构存在潜在损伤或缺陷的重要表征,快速、准确检测出渗漏水位置,对隧道安全运营和维护具有重要意义。现有的方法大多采用光学影像对隧道渗漏水进行检测,受隧道内空间和光线条件限制,难以获得高质量病害图片。因此,本文提出了一种基于激光点云数据与改进Mask RCNN相结合的渗漏水检测方法。首先对激光点云反射强度进行修正;然后生成灰度图像并建立渗漏水病害数据集;最后在Mask RCNN算法中引入空洞卷积和变形卷积,实现了隧道渗漏水病害的快速检测。利用某地铁采集的数据进行验证,结果表明,本文提出的改进Mask RCNN算法相较于原始算法和FCN算法检测精度均有明显提升,在盾构隧道渗漏水识别方面性能表现较好。

基于Mask R-CNN的地质雷达岩溶预报图像识别研究

岩溶隧道开挖可能遭遇岩溶涌水、突泥等岩溶地质灾害,地质雷达能够有效预报岩溶等地质灾害。然而,传统地质雷达图像解译存在专家经验依赖性强、解译效率慢且易误判漏判等情况。本文采用可实现端到端识别的深度学习技术开展地质雷达图像目标检测与识别的研究,将基于Mask R-CNN的卷积神经网络算法应用于地质雷达岩溶预报图像异常的智能识别。在TensorFlow和Keras框架下,利用地质雷达设备采集获得的数据构建训练数据集和测试数据集,对Mask R-CNN深度学习模型进行训练,最终得到权重参数较好的地质雷达岩溶预报图像的双曲异常检测模型。试验结果及应用案例表明,Mask R-CNN目标检测方法在地质雷达岩溶预报图像的目标检测与识别上取得了良好的效果,有效提高了地质雷达图像的智能化识别效率。

基于改进Mask-RCNN算法的作物害虫分类识别

智能虫情测报灯对农业生产中及时察觉虫害、虫灾问题有重大作用,准确的害虫分类识别为虫情测报提供可靠数据支撑的关键。该研究对智能虫情测报灯所需核心识别算法进行改进,针对分类目标多尺度、存在多种相似非目标害虫干扰、易产生目标粘连等问题,提出一种基于改进Mask-RCNN(mask region-based convolutional neural network)模型的害虫图像智能识别模型。该模型使用DeAnchor算法改进Mask-RCNN的锚框引导机制,使用NDCC(novelty detection consistent classifiers)训练分类器进行联合分类和检测,改善非目标杂虫的误识别问题。改进后模型对无杂虫、不同虫体密度图像的识别准确率最高达到96.1%,最密集时可达90.6%,在仅有非目标的图片识别中,误检率降至9%,非目标与目标共存且密度为40虫/图的误检率降至15%。试验表明,该文所提模型在现有分类模型的基础上,增强了对密集区域的检测能力,改善了非目标误识别问题,在实际检测环境下的害虫分类识别精度更高,可为虫害防治工作提供数据参考。

基于改进Mask R-CNN的矿石类型检测算法

针对不同的矿石类型进行选矿工艺参数设置和操作有利于保障精矿质量,提高回收率和降低物资消耗。由于缺乏矿石类型实时检测有效手段,选矿过程的精准操作目前较难实现。为此,本文提出一种全面改进的Mask R-CNN矿石类型检测算法。算法步骤:①使用ResNetV1d-50提取矿石图像各阶段的特征图,并在主干网络中加入可变形卷积以便增强异形矿石的特征;②改进FPN,通过在主干网络的C5特征层加入特征残差模块,并融合到P5特征层,得到具有更强语义信息的多尺度特征图;③改进RPN,设计自适应的正样本IOU选取方案来匹配宽高比异常的矿石,进一步提高异形矿石的识别精度;④在RoIAlign网络基础上加入Global-Context,以提高小矿石的检测能力;⑤在数据增强和训练技巧方面对模型进行改进。结果表明,本文算法的平均精度为67.92%,平均交并比为63.54%,分别比基准模型提高了13.67%和9.71%。本文研究方法在矿石类型识别领域具有较好的应用价值。

Laser shaping and optical power limiting of pulsed Laguerre–Gaussian laser beams of high-order radial modes in fullerene C60

We study the strong nonlinear optical dynamics of nanosecond pulsed Laguerre–Gaussian laser beams of high-order radial modes with zero orbital angular momentum propagating in the fullerene C60molecular medium. It is found that the spatiotemporal profile of the incident pulsed Laguerre–Gaussian laser beam is strongly reshaped during its propagation in the C60molecular medium. The centrosymmetric temporal profile of the incident pulse gradually evolves into a noncentrosymmetric meniscus shape, and the on-axis pulse duration is clearly depressed. Furthermore, the field intensity is distinctly attenuated due to the field-intensity-dependent reverse saturable absorption, and clear optical power limiting behavior is observed for different orders of the input pulsed Laguerre–Gaussian laser beams before the takeover of the saturation effect;the lower the order of the Laguerre–Gaussian beam, the lower the energy transmittance.

基于Mask R-CNN和迁移学习的无人机遥感影像杉木单木树冠提取

【目的】利用无人机遥感影像对树冠进行自动化提取,获取高精度树冠信息。【方法】该研究提出一种基于Mask RCNN和迁移学习的无人机影像单木树冠提取方法。首先,选用在Faster R-CNN基础上改进优化的Mask R-CNN实例分割模型,特征提取网络在ResNet50残差网络和ResNet101残差网络二者间选取最优。其次,引入迁移学习与Mask RCNN一起训练,联合迁移学习的导向作用降低训练时间,提高训练精度。【结果】Mask R-CNN模型的总体精度为93.59%,用户精度为65.46%,F1分数为76.05%,平均精度均值为0.31;载入迁移学习后的Mask R-CNN模型在同等训练条件下比原模型的用户精度提升29.53%,F1分数提升19.63%,平均精度均值提升0.21;分别以ResNet50和ResNet101为特征提取网络的Mask R-CNN模型中,ResNet50+Mask R-CNN模型的总体精度、用户精度、F1分数、平均精度均值各为96.94%、95.57%、96.17%、0.54,ResNet101+Mask R-CNN模型的总体精度、用户精度、F1分数、平均精度均值各为96.20%、94.41%、95.19%、0.49;其中载入迁移学习的ResNet50+Mask R-CNN模型在预测东西冠幅、南北冠幅、树冠面积与样方郁闭度的预测决定系数分别为0.87、0.84、0.93和0.83。【结论】本研究提出的基于Mask R-CNN和迁移学习的方法得到了较为精准的树冠参数结果,为无人机遥感影像评估树木资源提供了一种快速高效的解决方案。

一种Mask交互融合预训练知识的低资源神经机器翻译方法

融合预训练语言知识是提升低资源神经机器翻译性能的有效手段.现有融合预训练语言知识的方法都比较复杂,计算资源消耗较大.针对以上问题,本文提出了一种简单有效的Mask交互融合预训练知识的低资源神经机器翻译方法,首先利用BERT的句子表征与源语言表征的自注意力交互计算两种表征的相似度,根据相似度值构造Mask知识矩阵,然后将Mask知识矩阵作用于源语言表征,自适应地将BERT表征中对低资源神经机器翻译任务有益的语言知识融入翻译模型,提升翻译模型对语言知识的表征能力.在IWSLT标准低资源翻译任务上的实验结果表明,与Transformer基线模型相比,所提方法获得了0.9~3.39的BLEU值提升,证明了所提方法能够有效利用预训练语言知识增强神经机器翻译性能.

基于多目标采样和改进Mask R-CNN的木瓜成熟度检测

目的:提高木瓜成熟度检测准确率及鲁棒性。方法:提出一种基于多目标采样和改进Mask R-CNN的木瓜成熟度检测方法。通过均值平均精度、准确率、精确率—召回率曲线和计算时间等指标,验证所提方法的有效性和鲁棒性,并将其检测效果与Faster R-CNN、RetinaNet和CenterMask等方法进行对比。结果:试验方法对木瓜成熟度检测的平均精度均值、50%平均精度均值、75%平均精度均值分别为98.43%,98.67%,98.68%,对未成熟、半成熟和成熟木瓜成熟度的平均检测精度为99.38%,98.81%,99.37%。结论:该方法可用于开发木瓜成熟度检测的电子系统,提升木瓜成熟度检测和木瓜分级的性能。

基于改进Mask R-CNN的高密度砂岩颗粒的分割识别

针对高密度颗粒密度大,数量多,形态不一,且颜色相近的情况,通过传统方法对砂岩颗粒分割难度存在检测不准和漏检的不足。想要在少量样本中获取更好的效果,变得更加困难。基于上述问题提出一种基于改进Mask R-CNN的DGC-Mask R-CNN检测模型,针对少量样本、高密度砂岩颗粒的分割与识别。首先收集了128张超高分辨率的图片,每张图片有近200个砂岩颗粒实例,共26200个实例对象。为了使模型拥有更好的泛化能力,防止少量样本下的过拟合,使用Albu进行图像增强。用自监督预训练模型Barlow Twins来对砂岩颗粒的特征进行初步提取。在DGC-Mask R-CNN中,构建ResNet50模型作为骨干特征提取网络,在ResNet50的BottleNeck的C 3、C 4、C 5特征卷积层中改进传统卷积方式,使用可变形卷积神经网络(deformable convolutional neural network,DCN),并添加全局上下文建模框架(global context block,GCB)注意力机制。在上采样器的多个级联上采样模块中,结合改进的上采样算法CARAFE。实验结果表明,改进后的DGC-Mask R-CNN,使得检测与分割识别的平均精度达到88.9%和88.8%,与传统的Mask R-CNN、Cascade-Mask R-CNN、Mask Scoring R-CNN、HybridTaskCascade相比检测精度更高。在均值平均精度方面,与其他模型相比提升较为明显。将模型分割后得到的结果,进行砂岩颗粒的统计以及长短轴的计算,可实现对该部分砂岩颗粒的溯源,计算地壳运动导致的砂岩迁移的距离,进而评估地下油藏。

一种改进的基于Mask R-CNN的玉米大斑病实例分割算法

玉米作为我国主粮作物,其生产常受大斑病、小斑病、锈病等病害及虫害影响,导致其产量与品质下降,威胁农业生产安全。近年来,视觉检测技术因其高准确性已成为病害防控的重要工具。以Mask R-CNN为基础框架,通过融入DyHead、Groie和OHEM模块进行优化,旨在提升对细微病灶图像的分割效能。改良后的模型在病害图像分割任务上展现出卓越性能,平均精度(mAP)提升4%,尤其在小目标分割上准确率提高8.5%,相较于YOLOv5、YOLACT++等同类模型优势显著。通过消融实验验证了各新增模块的有效性,证实该模型为精准检测玉米大斑病提供了有力的技术支持与理论依据。

Integrated of Proximity-Coupling High-Order Modes Patch Antenna with Solar Cells for Sustainable Communication

An integration of single-layer proximitycoupling patch antenna and solar cells with bandwidth enhancement and optical energy harvesting is proposed for sustainable communication.For this purpose,many dual-function components are selected for designing the miniaturized solar cell antenna.On the one hand,by greatly affecting the current flow of the rectangular patch,vias and proximity-coupling are introduced to control the resonance modes frequency and matching,respectively,for wideband application,and the radiation performance property can be achieved by high-order mode.On the other hand,vias and proximity-coupling are beneficial to complete direct-current(DC)loop of solar cell and improve compatibility of DC-RF(radio frequency),whereas a high-order mode is beneficial to increase the area of collected light energy.To prove the working principle,fabricated and manufactured solar cell antenna.The measured and simulated results illustrate that the solar cell antenna gain is raised to as high as 9.27 d Bi in4.37 to 5.06 GHz applied to fifth generation communication(5G).

Role of excited states in helium-like ions on high-order harmonic generation

We theoretically investigate high-order harmonic generation(HHG) of helium(He), lithium cation(Li+), and beryllium dication(Be2+) using the time-dependent Hartree–Fock method to solve the three-dimensional time-dependent Schr ¨odinger equation. It is found that the intensity of the HHG increases significantly from a certain harmonic order below the ionization threshold, and the initial position of the enhancement does not depend on the intensity or the wavelength of the driving laser field. Further analysis shows that excited states play an important role on this enhancement,consistent with the excited-state tunneling mechanism [Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 123901(2016)]. Our results unambiguously show that excited-state tunneling is essential for understanding the enhancement of HHG. Accordingly, a four-step model is herein proposed to illustrate the multiphoton excitation effect in helium-like ions, which enriches the physics of HHG enhancement.