Determination of Ten Kinds of Alpha-2 Agonists Residues in Animal Derived Food by UHPLC-Triple Quadrupole/Composite Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry

[Objectives]The paper was to establish an ultra high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/linear ion trap complex mass spectrometry for the determination of 10 kinds ofα2-receptor agonists in animal derived food.[Methods]The samples were extracted with sodium carbonate buffer solution and ethyl acetate,and analyzed by mass spectrometry after solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography separation.[Results]Ten kinds ofα2-receptor agonists showed a good linear relationship in the range of 1-100μg/mL,with the average recovery of over 69%and the relative standard deviation less than 8.32%.The detection limit of 10 kinds of α_(2)-receptor agonists was up to 1μg/kg.[Conclusions]The method has good selectivity and strong anti-interference ability,and can meet the requirements of 10 kinds ofα2-receptor agonists residues in animal derived food.

基于UFLC-QTrap-MS/MS结合多元统计分析的不同产地、不同部位乌药中核苷和氨基酸类成分分析

本研究建立了一种超快速液相色谱-三重四极杆/线性离子阱-串联质谱(UFLC-QTrap-MS/MS)同时测定乌药中11种核苷类和14种氨基酸类成分的分析方法,并结合多元统计分析比较不同产地、不同部位乌药的质量。采用Waters XBridge Amide色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm×3.5μm),以0.2%甲酸水溶液(A)-0.2%甲酸乙腈溶液(B)为流动相进行梯度洗脱;在电喷雾正离子模式下,以多反应监测(MRM)进行质谱检测;基于各成分的质量浓度,用方差分析(ANOVA)、主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA)、层次聚类分析(HCA)、逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)以及灰色关联度分析(GRA),对不同产地、不同部位乌药样品进行综合评价。结果表明,所测成分在一定浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.9924;精密度、重复性、稳定性良好,平均加样回收率为94.86%~106.47%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于4.55%。不同产地、不同部位乌药样品间存在一定的差异,HCA和PCA 2种方法均将样品分为3类。OPLS-DA模型分析通过VIP值共筛选得到6个差异性化合物,分别为尿苷、丙氨酸、胞嘧啶、黄嘌呤、腺嘌呤、鸟嘌呤。该方法简便、灵敏度高、重现性好,可用于乌药中核苷和氨基酸类成分的同时测定,为药材质量评价和综合利用提供方法参考。

基于UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS和网络药理学及分子对接分析助眠汤治疗失眠的潜在机制

目的:基于UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS和网络药理学及分子对接,阐明助眠汤治疗失眠的物质基础及潜在的作用机制。方法:采用UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS技术鉴定助眠汤的化学成分。流动相:0.3%甲酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B);梯度洗脱:0~7.1 min,8%~16.7%B;7.1~7.7 min,16.7%B;7.7~8.3 min,16.7%~17%B;8.3~9.5 min,17%~18.2%B;9.5~10.1 min,18.2%B;10.1~17.3 min,18.2%~26%B;17.3~24.5 min,26%~55%B;24.5~40 min,55%B。流速:0.3 mL·min^(-1),电喷雾离子源:ESI,正、负离子模式扫描,扫描范围:m/z 50~2200。在此基础上,选择失眠的临床表现和病因作为媒介,利用在线数据库对助眠汤的促进睡眠机制潜在药效物质基础、作用靶点和作用特征进行预测分析。从煎煮后测得的活性成分的作用特点入手,运用网络药理学探究助眠汤治疗失眠的潜在机制。结果:使用UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS分析并鉴定了助眠汤中391种成分,其中有43种成分能于在线数据库中找到其作用的相关靶点。使用相关数据库检索“insomnia”“sleeplessness”关键词,找到失眠相关靶点基因28182个,通过韦恩分析,预测筛选出与助眠汤失眠作用相关靶点92个,经分析,共筛选得到37个关键靶点。助眠汤通过作用于环加氧酶1(PTGS1),环加氧酶2(PTGS2),内皮型一氧化氮合酶(NOS3),DNA拓扑异构酶2(TOP2),β2肾上腺素能受体(ADRB2)等靶点和RAS、Jak-STAT等信号通路发挥对失眠症的治疗作用。结论:助眠汤呈现了多成分、多靶点、多途径治疗失眠的作用特点。

Characterization of impurities in the bulk drug lisinopril by liquid chromatography/ion trap spectrometry

Two trace impurities in the bulk drug lisinopril were detected by means of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry （HPLC/MS） with a simple and sensitive method suitable for HPLC/MSn analysis. The fragmentation behavior of lisinopfil and the impurities was investigated, and two unknown impurities were elucidated as 2-（6-amino- l-（l-carboxyethylamino）- l-oxohexan-2-ylamino）-4-phenylbutanoic acid and 6-amino-2-（l-carboxy-3-phenylpropylamino）-hexanoic acid on the basis of the multi-stage mass spectrometry and exact mass evidence, The proposed structures of the two unknown impurities were further confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） experiments after preparative isolation.

基于UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS对铁皮石斛水提物不同极性溶剂萃取物化学成分分析

目的建立超高效液相色谱串联—四极杆—静电场轨道阱质谱技术(ultra-performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap quadrupole-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry,UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS)对铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale Kimura&Migo)水提物石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇3种萃取组分进行定性表征的方法。方法提取铁皮石斛水提物并依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,旋蒸浓缩后,得到石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取组分。样品经UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS分析,根据元素组成、分子量、质荷比、离子碎片等确定化合物信息并推导裂解规律,通过与文献、MzCloud、MzVault、PudChem、本地数据库比对确定鉴定结果。结果在正负离子模式下共鉴定出化合物62种,包括黄酮类成分20种,联苄类成分6种,羧酸及其衍生物6种,脂肪酸及其衍生物6种,酚类成分4种,氨基酸及其衍生物3种,糖类成分2种,生物碱类、苯丙素、蒽醌、萜类化合物各1种,其他类成分3种,还检测到8种含量较高、质谱信号较强的未知成分。其中水提石油醚萃取物中鉴定出化合物7种,乙酸乙酯萃取物中鉴定出化合物36种,正丁醇萃取物中鉴定出化合物48种。通过与文献比对,62种化合物中有7种化合物为首次从铁皮石斛中提取得到。结论该方法可快速有效分析铁皮石斛中多种化学成分,可为铁皮石斛质量控制及药效物质基础研究提供参考。

Screening and Identifying of Nephrotoxic Compounds in Lithospermum erythrorhizon Using Live-cell Fluorescence Imaging and Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry

In order to identify the potential nephrotoxic compounds in traditional Chinese medicine Lithospermum erythrorhizon,it was separated into serial fractions according to their polarities.An in vitro method was utilized to determine the nephrotoxicity of these fractions with the help of fluorescence image analysis.As a result,the primary fraction A05 and its secondary fractions C06 ＂C09 and C12 ＂C14 were found to have significant toxicity to LLC-PK1 cell line,as determined by the survive rate less than 20% after they were treated with these fractions.These potential nephrotoxic fractions were further analyzed by multistage and high resolution mass spectrometry.The main compounds in these fractions were tentatively identified to be acetylshikonin,isobutyrylshikonin,β,β＇-dimethyla-cryloylshikonin,and isovalerylshikonin,which may bring nephrotoxicity.

基于UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS的淫羊藿中多元活性成分动态累积的分析与评价

建立了超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆线性离子阱串联质谱(UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS)同时测定淫羊藿中黄酮类、生物碱类、酚酸类、氨基酸类及核苷类共50种活性成分的分析方法,并对其多元活性成分的动态累积进行分析与评价。采用Agilent ZORBAX Extend-C18(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱,以水(含0.2%甲酸)-乙腈为流动相梯度分离,流速0.3 mL/min,柱温40℃。质谱配备电喷雾离子源,在正、负离子模式下采用多反应监测模式(MRM)进行测定;采用单因素实验及响应面法优化样品制备条件,灰色关联度分析(GRA)对不同采收期淫羊藿样品进行分析与评价。结果显示,50种目标成分在一定范围内线性关系良好(r2≥0.9990),精密度、重复性和稳定性良好,平均加标回收率为94.5%~107%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5.0%。淫羊藿中多元活性成分累积量在7月中旬出现峰值,不同类别成分累积规律具有一定差异性。6月下旬至7月下旬所采收的淫羊藿药材综合质量较好,与当地传统采收期基本吻合。该研究所构建的方法准确、可靠,可为探究淫羊藿中多元活性成分动态累积规律及确定适宜采收期提供依据,同时也箭叶淫羊藿药材质量的综合评价和整体控制提供方法参考。

液相色谱-三重四极杆复合线性离子阱质谱法测定烟用香精香料中9种有机酸的含量

采用液相色谱-三重四极杆复合线性离子阱质谱法定性定量检测烟用香精香料中苹果酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、马来酸、酒石酸、己二酸、乙酰丙酸等9种有机酸。取0.1 g烟用香精香料样品,加入20 mL水,超声提取10 min。取上清液1 mL,过0.22μm水相滤膜后用水稀释10倍,按照优化的仪器工作条件测定。在Synergi Hydro-RP色谱柱上用不同体积比的0.1%(体积分数,下同)甲酸溶液和含0.1%甲酸的甲醇溶液的混合液梯度洗脱分离各有机酸后,用电喷雾离子源负离子模式电离,多反应监测-信息依赖采集-增强子离子(MRM-IDA-EPI)模式扫描,MRM模式定量,保留时间结合EPI标准品二级质谱库定性。结果表明:9种有机酸的质量浓度均在一定范围内和定量子离子峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为0.003~0.018 mg·L^(-1);对实际样品进行加标回收试验,回收率为73.3%~112%,日内(n=6)、日间(n=5)精密度试验所得测定值的相对标准偏差分别不大于10%和不大于15%;方法用于142种烟用香精香料样品的分析,检出率较高的4种有机酸为乳酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸和柠檬酸。

Separation and identification of moxifloxacin impurities in drug substance by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

In this paper, a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection and Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry （HPLC-UV/FrICRMS） method was described for the investigation of impurity profile in moxifloxacin （MOX） drug substance and chemical reference substance. Ten impurities were detected by HPLC-UV, while eight impurities were identified by using the high accurate molecular mass combined with multiple-stage mass spectrometric data and fragmentation rules. In addition, to our knowledge, five impurities were founded for the first time in MOX drug substance.

自主研制四极杆-线形离子阱质谱仪测定血清中甲氨蝶呤

本研究基于自主研制的QLIT-6610MD液相色谱-四极杆-线形离子阱-质谱联用仪,建立了准确测量血清中甲氨蝶呤的同位素稀释质谱法。采用甲醇沉淀血清样品的蛋白后测定上清液。通过基质匹配标准曲线定量,在10~5000μg/L浓度范围内,甲氨蝶呤的线性系数R^(2)>0.9990,定量限为10μg/L,质控品精密度优于6.94%,血清样本添加回收率为86.39%~97.84%,变异系数(CV)≤8.04%。应用QLIT-6610MD与AB QTRAP 6500+液相色谱-质谱联用仪同时测定70例临床血清样本,并采用Pearson系数与BLand-ALtman法进行比较。结果表明,2台仪器所测结果一致,QLIT-6610MD可达到三重四极杆质谱仪定量测定血清中甲氨蝶呤的水平,能够满足临床诊断需求,为临床质谱分析提供了一种新的国产仪器选择。此外,本研究还初步探讨了多级碎裂技术(MSn)测定血清中甲氨蝶呤的可能性,为后续研究奠定基础。

Investigations on the degradation of aspartame using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Aspartame is a widely used sweetener, the long-term safety of which has been controversial ever since it was accepted for human consumption. It is unstable and can produce some harmful degradation products under certain storage conditions. A high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of aspartame and its four degradation products, including aspartic acid, phenylalanine, aspartyl-phenylalanine and 5-benzyl-3,6- dioxo-2-piperazieacetic acid in water and in diet soft drinks. Aspartame and its four degradation products were quantified by a matrix matched external standard calibration curve with excellent correlation coefficients. The limits of detection were 0.16-5.8 μg/L, which exhibited higher sensitivity than common methods. This method was rapid, sensitive, specific and capable of eliminating matrix interferences. It was also applied to the study of the degradation of aspartame at various pH and temperatures. The results indicated that aspartame was partly degraded under strong acidic or basic conditions and the extent of degradation increased with increasing temperature.

LTQ-Orbitrap组合式高分辨质谱法快速筛查毛发中7种毒品及代谢物

采用超高压液相色谱-二维线性离子阱结合静电场轨道阱组合式高分辨质谱联用技术(Accela U HPLC/LTQ Orbitrap XL),建立了人毛发中吗啡、O^6-单乙酰吗啡、可待因、乙酰可待因、氯胺酮、去甲氯胺酮和美沙酮毒品及代谢物快速筛查方法。取毛发样品经表层清洗后冷冻研磨粉碎,置于硼酸盐缓冲液(pH 9.2)中超声90 min,离心取上清液,用Oasis HLB柱固相萃取制备。通过静电场轨道阱全扫描得到毒品及其代谢物的精确相对分子质量,同时进行7种毒品及其代谢物的快速筛查。高分辨率质谱可有效去除毛发基质干扰,毒品及其代谢物筛查检出限在0.001～0.02 ng/mg,在0.05～50 ng/mg范围内存在良好线性关系(r>0.9975);本方法平均加标回收率为76.1%～109.6%;日内及日间精密度RSD≤14.9%。本方法灵敏度高,样品制备简便,适用于常见毒品的快速筛查。

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定野生菌中的15种蘑菇毒素

目的基于线性离子阱质谱的多重反应监测-信息依赖采集-增强子离子扫描(multiple reaction monitoring-information dependent acquisition-enhanced product ion scan,MRM-IDA-EPI)二级谱图筛查方法,建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)定量检测和定性筛查野生菌中15种蘑菇毒素。方法野生菌样本通过甲酸-甲醇-水-乙腈(1:40:40:19,V:V:V:V)混合溶液超声提取,QuEChERS试剂提取净化,采用UPLC-MS/MS和MRM-IDA-EPI方法对15种蘑菇毒素进行定量分析和定性筛查。结果通过野生菌样本前处理方法和色谱条件优化,对15种蘑菇毒素进行0.04、0.10和0.40 mg/kg三水平加标回收实验,方法准确度为76.6%~109.2%,精密度为0.3%~7.6%;15种蘑菇毒素的线性范围为10~1000μg/L,线性相关系数(r)在0.9980~0.9994之间;其中α-鹅膏毒肽、β-鹅膏毒肽、γ-鹅膏毒肽、光盖伞素和鹅膏蕈氨酸的方法检出限(limits of detection,LODs)和定量限(limits of quantification,LOQs)分别为10μg/kg和30μg/kg,二羟鬼笔毒肽、羧基二羟鬼笔毒肽、羧基三羟鬼笔毒肽、毒蝇碱、蝇蕈醇、甲基裸盖菇素、鹿花菌素、脱磷酸裸盖菇素、奥来毒素和鬼伞菌素的LODs和LOQs分别为20μg/kg和60μg/kg,采用QuEChERS前处理方法对野生菌样本进行处理,样本基质效应系数K值在0.91~1.08之间。结论所建立的野生菌样本前处理方法对15种蘑菇毒素的定量测定无基质干扰,15种蘑菇毒素的UPLC-MS/MS和MRM-IDA-EPI分析方法结果准确、重现性好、灵敏度高,该方法适用于有毒野生菌引起的食源性中毒定量分析和定性筛查。

UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS快速筛查确证化妆品中89种禁用物质

采用超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱结合高分辨质谱法（UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS）同时测定化妆品中抗生素、激素、邻苯二甲酸酯、农药以及孔雀石绿和结晶紫等5大类共89种化合物。不同剂型的化妆品基质用甲醇超声提取,以Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18色谱柱（2.1mm×100mm×1.7μm）分离;正离子模式下,以含0.1%甲酸的5mmol/L乙酸铵溶液和乙腈为流动相;负离子模式下,以5mmol/L乙酸铵溶液和乙腈为流动相,进行梯度洗脱。以保留时间和Orbitrap获得的一级母离子精确质量数以及同位素丰度比,实现对化妆品中多种类物质的快速筛查;以Orbitrap碰撞诱导解离（CID）获得的碎片离子精确质量数进行确证。结果表明：化合物的线性关系良好,线性相关系数R2〉0.99;除邻苯二甲酸二苯酯外,其他化合物的最低检出限（LOQ）均在5~10μg/kg之间;在添加浓度为1倍、2倍、10倍LOQ 3个水平下,绝大多数化合物的平均回收率在60%~117%之间,相对标准偏差小于13%。该方法简便、快速、可靠性高,适用于化妆品中多种类别禁用物质的检测。

UHPLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS快速鉴别无患子果皮中部分苷及苷元成分

建立了超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱组合式高分辨质谱(UHPLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS)联用技术整合多种数据采集、挖掘策略快速分析无患子果皮中苷类化合物;总结了两类无患子皂苷标准品的质谱裂解规律及特征碎片离子,用于无患子果皮中苷类成分的快速筛查和鉴别;探索了母离子列表(parent ion list,PIL)-MS2、PIL-MS3和高能碰撞(high energy collision dissociation,HCD)技术,用于无患子果皮中母核结构相近化合物的精细区分和鉴别;最后通过智能化的In silico策略(Mass Frontier软件中的FISH和MS Tree Match技术)对无患子果皮中新的苷类成分进行高通量筛查,并用HCD碎裂模式验证其预测的可靠性。结果表明,在无患子果皮中共鉴别出67个苷类化合物,其中38个化合物被快速筛查和鉴别,18个母核结构相近的化合物得以精细区分,11个新成分被推测。该方法能够为无患子质量控制及药效学研究提供参考数据,有助于复杂中药成分的快速定性分析。

UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap HRMS法结合特征裂解途径分析鉴定薄荷水提物中4种类群化学成分

采用超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱-串联静电轨道阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap HRMS)法对薄荷水提物中4种类群化学成分进行分析鉴定。选取Acquity UPLC~BEH C18色谱柱(2.1mm×100mm×1.7μm),以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相,流速0.30mL/min,梯度洗脱分析。根据高分辨质谱提供的准分子离子峰和碎片离子信息,获取目标化合物的相对分子质量和结构信息,并结合保留时间、对照品分析、参考文献数据和ClogP值等相关信息,鉴定了85种化学成分,包括38种黄酮、16种酚酸、7种苯丙素和24种萜类。结果表明,采用UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap HRMS技术能够提高中药化学成分的分析效率,该方法可为合理开发薄荷的药用和食用价值奠定化学基础。

清瘟护肺颗粒化学成分研究

目的研究清瘟护肺颗粒的化学成分。方法查阅中国知网、PubMed、Web of Science等数据库,检索该制剂组方药材化学成分的相关文献,结合文献报道和ChemicalBook数据库信息,建立化学成分数据库。采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS/MS)法分析制剂的图谱数据,并以Xcalibur 4.0软件拟合分子式,与自建数据库信息进行匹配,初步推测分子式信息,与ChemicalBook或ChemSpider数据库比对,推测化学成分结构。结果共鉴定出158个化学成分,包括苷类36个,黄酮类29个,苯丙素类28个,有机酸类18个,萜类17个,色原酮类8个,其他类22个。结论所建立的方法可系统、准确、快速地定性分析清瘟护肺颗粒中的化学成分。

高效液相色谱-三重四极杆/复合线性离子阱质谱法同时测定液态发酵食品中14种生物胺及其代谢物

目的基于高效液相色谱-三重四极杆/复合线性离子阱质谱法(high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole/composite linear ion trap mass spectrometry,HPLC-QTRAP MS)建立同时测定液态发酵食品中14中生物胺及其代谢物的分析方法。方法采用Waters Atlantis Premier BEH Z-HILIC色谱柱(100mm×2.1mm,1.7μm),以0.025%(V/V)甲酸水和0.1%(V/V)甲酸乙腈进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源(electrospray ionization,ESI)正离子模式、多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)离子扫描模式、信息依赖性采集(information dependent acquisition,IDA)、增强子离子扫描(enhanced ion scanning,EPI)和EPI谱库搜索的复合模式进行测定。结果在0.05~200.00μg/L质量浓度范围内,14种生物胺及其代谢物的线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99;方法检出限(S/N=3)为0.15~6.00μg/L;在不同添加质量浓度(2.0、10.0、50.0μg/L)下,其回收率为75.2%~107.9%,相对标准偏差在1.98%~9.07%之间。结论该方法具有操作简便、快速、准确、灵敏等优点,可满足液态类发酵食品中14种生物胺的定性定量分析需要,为液态发酵类食品中生物胺的检测分析奠定基础。

UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS快速识别驱虫斑鸠菊中多酚类化合物

目的:对驱虫斑鸠菊乙醇提取物中的化学成分进行分析鉴定。方法:采用超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱组合式高分辨质谱(UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS)联用技术,总结驱虫斑鸠菊中黄酮类和咖啡酰奎宁酸类化合物的质谱裂解规律,建立其乙醇提取物中多酚类成分的快速识别方法,并对其中的化学成分进行识别。结果:从其乙醇提取物中初步鉴定出43种多酚类化合物,其中包括30种黄酮类成分和13种酚酸类成分。结论:有26种化合物是首次在驱虫斑鸠菊中发现。

Advances in intelligent mass spectrometry data processing technology for in vivo analysis of natural medicines

Natural medicines(NMs)are crucial for treating human diseases.Efficiently characterizing their bioactive components in vivo has been a key focus and challenge in NM research.High-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry(HPLC-HRMS)systems offer high sensitivity,resolution,and precision for conducting in vivo analysis of NMs.However,due to the complexity of NMs,conventional data acquisition,mining,and processing techniques often fail to meet the practical needs of in vivo NM analysis.Over the past two decades,intelligent spectral data-processing techniques based on various principles and algorithms have been developed and applied for in vivo NM analysis.Consequently,improvements have been achieved in the overall analytical performance by relying on these techniques without the need to change the instrument hardware.These improvements include enhanced instrument analysis sensitivity,expanded compound analysis coverage,intelligent identification,and characterization of nontargeted in vivo compounds,providing powerful technical means for studying the in vivo metabolism of NMs and screening for pharmacologically active components.This review summarizes the research progress on in vivo analysis strategies for NMs using intelligent MS data processing techniques reported over the past two decades.It discusses differences in compound structures,variations among biological samples,and the application of artificial intelligence(AI)neural network algorithms.Additionally,the review offers insights into the potential of in vivo tracking of NMs,including the screening of bioactive components and the identification of pharmacokinetic markers.The aim is to provide a reference for the integration and development of new technologies and strategies for future in vivo analysis of NMs.